JPH07107923A - Composition for feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a composition for feed capable of inhibiting the infectious diseases of aquatic animals, formulated with saponins and antibacterially active substances. CONSTITUTION:This composition can be obtained by formulating an aquatic feed with (A) >=0.0001wt.% of saponins (e.g. quillaja saponin, beet saponin, soybean saponin, Yucca saponin) and (B) antibacterially active substances (e.g. plant essential oil, antibiotics; in the case of essential oil, at 0.01-5wt.%). The amounts of the components A and B to be formulated are based on the aquatic feed, respectively.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed composition to be used by adding it to feed in the field of aquaculture for the purpose of suppressing infectious diseases of aquatic animals, that is, preventing or treating infectious diseases of aquatic animals. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, techniques related to aquaculture have remarkably developed, and feeds have been improved in order to be trained and shipped in a short period of time. On the other hand, various infectious diseases occur due to breeding aquatic animals such as fish and crustaceans in an overcrowded state in order to improve productivity, and the damages are increasing. For example, typical infectious diseases include streptococcal disease of yellowtail, vibrio nodule and Thai vibrio disease, iridovirosis, flounder Edward dieraemia, eel paracolo disease, gills disease, ayu vibrio. Disease, vibrio disease of prawns, baculovirus disease and the like. Moreover, once these infectious diseases occur, they spread to the aquaculture area and cause great damage.

[0003] For these infectious diseases, a treatment for suppressing damage is carried out by orally administering an antibacterial active substance. Usually, synthetic antibacterial agents or antibiotics are used as antibacterial active substances. However, in recent years, continuous administration of these antibacterial active substances has caused the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and the effect of suppressing their infectious diseases has significantly decreased, which is a problem. Furthermore, there is concern about the effects on human bodies of these aquatic animal drugs remaining in the body of aquatic animals.

In recent years, the use of natural products has attracted attention as a safer antibacterial active substance in place of synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics. Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 4-75745 discloses a technique in which a plant essential oil and its components are blended in a feed for cultured fish as a natural antibacterial active substance against pathogens of infectious diseases of aquatic animals and used.

Saponin is widely present in the plant kingdom and is a general term for glycosides having polycyclic compounds as aglycones, and is known to have hemolytic action and mucous membrane stimulating action as common properties.
As other physiological actions of saponin, antibacterial action, antifungal action and the like have been reported, and application of these physiological actions has been advanced, but due to their hemolytic action, they have not been put to practical use.

Among the saponins, the soap tree (Quilla
ja saponaria Mol. ) Has excellent surface-active ability, and its safety has been confirmed,
Currently, it is used as a foaming agent and an emulsifier for foods.
In addition, for Quillaja saponin, it is known that oral administration to mammals enhances its antibody-producing ability, and its mechanism of action has been reported to promote absorption of the antigenic protein from the intestinal tract (Can. .microbiol., 32,414-4
20,1986).

[0007] Generally, saponins have been reported to be highly toxic to aquatic animals. The toxicity of this saponin has also been used in the capture of aquatic animals. At present, there is no report on the beneficial effects of saponin on aquatic animals, and therefore, there is no example of application of saponin as a feed for aquatic animals.

[0008]

The use of synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics is generally used for the control of infectious diseases in aquatic animals.
Many problems have been pointed out with respect to these uses, such as the emergence of resistant bacteria and their retention in fish. The aquaculture industry defines a drug holiday for the purpose of suppressing the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and prohibits the use of synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics for a certain period of time.
In addition, the use of synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics has been banned from one month before the shipment of fish for their residual substances in the body. Therefore, there is no control method for infectious diseases that occur during periods when synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics cannot be used. On the other hand, the use of plant essential oil or its active ingredient is attracting attention as an antibacterial active substance that is safer than synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics and does not show the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria. The natural antibacterial substance has a weak antibacterial effect and has not been put to practical use.

Under these circumstances, the fisheries industry is required to develop an effective and safe method for controlling aquatic animal infectious diseases in which resistant bacteria do not appear or remain in the fish body. Further, it is desired to develop a method for suppressing aquatic animal infectious diseases, which enhances the effects of synthetic antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and reduces the frequency and amount of their use.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of diligent studies on the physiological action of saponin as a feed for aquatic animals, the present inventors have found that saponin significantly enhances the effect of antibacterial active substances to suppress aquatic animal infections. . That is, the present invention relates to a feed composition characterized by containing saponin and an antibacterial active substance.

[0011]

As the antibacterial active substance of the present invention, plant essential oil, antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents can be used. The plant essential oil in the present invention refers to an essential oil obtained by a method such as steam distillation or an organic solvent extraction from a plant, trees, branches, roots,
The extraction site and the production method thereof such as flowers and seeds are not limited in any way, and as an example, essential oils of the cypress family, for example, hiba oil, cypress oil, cedar oil, red cedar oil, beijakusin oil, asunaro oil, cypress oil. , Kurobe oil, essential oil of Lauraceae plant, such as laurel oil, cinnamon oil, essential oil of Labiatae plant, such as thyme oil, bergamot oil, mint oil, essential oil of Apiaceae plant, such as celery oil, parsley oil, cumin oil, nutmeg Essential oils of the plants of the family, such as nutmeg oil, mace oil, plants of the pepper family, such as pepper oil, essential oils of the lily family, such as onion oil,
Essential oils of Polygonaceae plants, for example, Polygonum oil, Ozeil oil, Essential oils of Owlaceae plants, such as geranium oil, Essential oils of Rutaceae plants, such as Japanese pepper oil, Essential oils of Camellia plants, such as tea oil, and It includes all plant essential oils such as eucalyptus oil, which have antibacterial activity against infectious disease pathogens of aquatic animals. Solvents used for organic solvent extraction here include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, ethers such as methyl ether, ethyl ether and petroleum ether, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane, hexane, benzene and toluene. Hydrocarbons such as and ketones such as acetone are preferably used. Examples of antibiotics include ampicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, lincomycin hydrochloride, spiramycin embonate and the like. Examples of synthetic antibacterial agents include synthetic antibacterial agents such as oxophosphoric acid and florfenicol.

The saponin of the present invention may be a saponin purified product contained in various plants or a crude plant extract containing saponin. Since it is used by adding it to aquatic feed, it is desirable to use saponin that can be supplied in a large amount, and as a saponin suitable for this purpose, quillaja saponin,
Examples include beet saponin, soybean saponin, and yucca saponin.

Kiraya saponin is a saponin obtained by extracting and purifying with water from the bark of a soap tree, which is an evergreen thorny tree in the Rosaceae family. Beet saponin is a saponin obtained by extracting and purifying beet sugar. Soybean saponin is a saponin obtained by grinding legume soybean and extracting and refining it with water, ethanol or an organic solvent. Yucca saponin is a saponin obtained by extracting and purifying the bark of a yucca tree with an organic solvent.

All of the above saponins have an action of orally administered to an aquatic animal and an antibacterial substance, and have an action of enhancing the inhibitory effect of the infectious disease. From the viewpoint of the effect, the use of quillaja saponin is desirable. Further, since quillaja saponin is currently safely used as a foaming agent and an emulsifier for foods, it is desirable to use quillaja saponin in terms of its safety.

The feed composition of the present invention contains saponin as an active ingredient and an antibacterial active substance, and is used by adding it to feed for the purpose of suppressing infectious diseases of aquatic animals. It is desirable that the amount of these active ingredients to be blended is selected in a timely manner by examining the inhibitory effect on aquatic animal infectious diseases when added to feed and used. Normally, saponin is 0.0001 as the amount of saponin in the feed.
%, It is expected that the added amount of the antibacterial active substance at the same time enhances the infectious disease suppressing effect. Further, regarding the compounding amount of the antibacterial active substance, when it is a synthetic antibacterial agent or an antibiotic, the compounding amount may be less than or equal to the amount specified as a veterinary drug for aquaculture. Further, when the antibacterial active substance is a plant essential oil, it is usually added so as to be added in an amount of 0.01 to 5% with respect to the feed. If the concentration is less than this, the effect of enhancing the antibacterial activity by blending with saponin is not expected. In addition, higher concentrations generally may adversely affect the feeding habits of aquatic animals.

The feed composition of the present invention is used by adding it to feed for the purpose of suppressing infectious diseases of aquatic animals. The active ingredient of the feed composition of the present invention is blended in an amount of 1 to 50%, and if necessary, used as a fish feed such as yeast powder, starch degradation product, vitamin powder, mineral powder, fish powder, fish oil, etc. Is preferably used as a bulking agent. The amount added to feed is usually 0.1-10%. If it is more than this amount, it may affect the physical properties of the feed, and if it is less than this, the effect of the present invention cannot be expected.

In the method for producing a feed composition of the present invention, when the active ingredients saponin and the antibacterial active substance are liquid feed materials, the active ingredients are adsorbed to a powder raw material such as a starch decomposition product to obtain another powdery substance. The method of mixing with a feed raw material using a blender is mentioned. When the active ingredient is a powdery material, it may be produced by mixing it with another powdery feed material. Regarding the production conditions of the powder feed composition, the mixing time and the like are not particularly limited. Other manufacturing methods include a method of emulsifying and mixing the active ingredient into a liquid feed material such as feed oil or liquid sugar. In this case, the excellent emulsifying action of saponin can be preferably utilized. Examples of the emulsifying machine include a homomixer, a colloid mill, and a line mixer, but are not particularly limited. The production conditions such as the emulsification time and the emulsification temperature are not particularly limited, and the conditions for achieving the emulsified state may be appropriately selected.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The saponin used in the following Examples and Test Example 1 is Quillajasaponin, but the use of other saponins gives almost the same results although there is a difference in effect.

[0019]

【Example】

Example 1 Quillaja saponin (saponin content 10%) 2 kg, 70%
After homogenizing 88 kg of sorbitol using a homomixer, 10 kg of hiba oil was added, and the mixture was emulsified with a homomixer while cooling to prepare 100 kg of a feed composition containing both hiba oil and saponin at the same time.

Example 2 2 kg of Quillaja saponin (10% saponin content) and 10 kg of hiba oil were mixed and adsorbed on 10 kg of a decomposed product of starch, and 78 kg of beer dry yeast was mixed and pulverized to obtain hiba oil. 100 kg of a feed composition simultaneously containing saponin was prepared.

Example 3 Quillaja saponin (10% saponin content) 2 kg, 70%
After homogenizing 88 kg of sorbitol using a homomixer, 10 kg of cinnamon oil was added and emulsified with a homomixer while cooling to prepare 100 kg of a feed composition containing cinnamon oil and saponin at the same time.

Example 4 2 kg of Quillaja saponin (10% saponin content) and 10 kg of cinnamon oil were mixed and adsorbed on 10 kg of a decomposed product of starch, and 78 kg of beer dry yeast was mixed and powdered to obtain cinnamon oil. 100 kg of feed composition containing saponin at the same time
Was prepared.

Comparative Example 1 10 kg of hiba oil was adsorbed on 10 kg of a decomposed product of starch, and 80 kg of beer dry yeast was mixed and powdered to prepare 100 kg of a feed composition containing only hiba oil.

Comparative Example 2 2 kg of Quillaja saponin (10% saponin content) was adsorbed on 10 kg of a starch degradation product, and 88 kg of beer dry yeast was mixed to powderize 100 kg of a feed composition containing only Quillaja saponin. Prepared.

Comparative Example 3 10 kg of cinnamon oil was adsorbed on 10 kg of a decomposed product of starch, and 80 kg of beer dry yeast was mixed and powdered to prepare 100 kg of a feed composition containing only cinnamon oil.

Test Example 1 Synergistic Effect of Hiba Oil and Saponin on Suppression of Streptococcus aeruginosa As a basic feed for yellowtail, lichen mince 78.5%, fish meal 20
%, And a binder containing 0.5% of a binder was used. 1% of the feed composition of Example 2 (blended with hiba oil saponin) was added to the basic feed group, and 1% of the feed composition of Comparative Example 1 (blended with hiba oil) was added. The prepared feed composition of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 (only saponin was mixed)
What added 1% was made into the comparative example 2 ward. Fifteen young juvenile yellowtails having an average weight of 74 g were stored in a 200 L polyethylene water tank per test plot. 100 g of each feed was fed daily and the animals were raised for 10 days. As a result of feeding for 10 days, there was no difference in the feeding rate and growth of yellowtail in any of the test plots.
Enterococcus ser , the causative agent of streptococcal disease, was stopped after 1 day of feeding.
iolicida (10 ³ cells / tail) was intraperitoneally inoculated and artificially infected. The cells were observed for 7 days after infection to examine the survival rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0027]

[Table 1]

As a result of the infection experiment, the yellowtail in the basic feed group was completely destroyed 3 days after the infection, and the comparative example 2 group was completely destroyed 5 days after the infection. Seven days after infection, the survival rate of the feed group of Example 2 was 67%, and the survival rate of the feed group of Comparative Example 1 was 33%. From the above results, the synergistic effect of the hiba oil and saponin of Example 1 on the suppression of yellow-tailed streptococcal disease was confirmed.

Test Example 2 Synergistic effect of cinnamon oil and saponin on suppression of yellow-tailed nodule disease As a basic feed for yellowtail, locust mince 79.5%, fish meal 20
%, And a binder containing 0.5% of a binder was used. 1% of the feed composition of Example 4 (containing cinnamon oil saponin) was added to the basic feed group, and 1% of the feed composition of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 (containing only saponin) was added. The composition of Comparative Example 2 was prepared, and the composition containing 1% of the feed composition of Comparative Example 3 (compounding only cinnamon oil) was prepared as Comparative Example 3. Fifteen juvenile yellowtail fish with an average weight of 40 g were stored in a 200 L polyethylene water tank per test plot. 100g of each food daily
They were fed and raised for 10 days. As a result of feeding for 10 days, there was no difference in the feeding rate and growth of yellowtail in any of the test plots. Pasteurella pisc , a causative fungus of tuberculosis, after feeding for one day
After infecting 10 ⁴ cells / ml of icida bacterium seawater for 10 minutes by immersion of yellowtail of each test section, observation was carried out for 7 days to examine their survival rate. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0030]

[Table 2]

As a result of the infection experiment, yellowtail in the basic feed group was infected 4
After a day, the yellowtail in Comparative Example 2 was completely destroyed 5 days after the infection. The survival rate on the 7th day after infection was 40% in Comparative Example 3 and 80% in Example 4. From the above results, a synergistic effect of cinnamon oil and saponin on the suppression of yellowtail nodule was confirmed. Test Example 3 Field Test The feed composition containing the saponin and hiba oil obtained in Example 2 and the feed composition of Comparative Example 1 were added to the feed, and the average weight of the split net cage on the sea surface was 1.6 kg, 6000. Administered to tail yellowtail. 1% of the composition of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 with respect to the feed as a test section
The administration section and the non-administration section were set up and the animals were raised for 3 months. Three
As a result of long-term breeding for months, in any test plot,
There was no difference in feeding rate and growth of yellowtail. The cumulative number of deaths during the period is shown in Table 3.

[0032]

[Table 3]

Most of the causes of mortality observed during the period were due to streptococcal disease, but the number of deaths was smaller in the feed composition administration group than in the non-administration group. The feed composition-administered group of Example 2 in which saponin was used in combination had fewer deaths due to streptococcal disease than the composition-administered group of Comparative Example 1 containing only hiba oil. From the above results, the infection suppressing effect of the feed composition containing Hiba oil was confirmed against naturally occurring streptococcal disease, and the synergistic effect was also observed by the combined use of saponin. Further, no abnormality was observed in the raised fish even after a long period of 3 months, and the safety of the feed composition was confirmed.

[0034]

[Effects of the Invention] As a method for controlling aquatic animal infectious diseases,
Conventionally, drugs such as antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents have been orally administered, but due to the decrease in effect due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and the problem of drug retention in the body, a safer and more effective method has been demanded. It was Further, vegetable essential oil or its essential oil component as a natural antibacterial active substance has been proposed as a method for suppressing infectious diseases of aquatic animals, but its suppressing effect is insufficient and it has not been put to practical use. The present invention has been completed by finding that saponin significantly enhances the antibacterial effect of antibiotics, synthetic antibacterial agents, plant essential oils and the like. That is, the present invention relates to a feed composition characterized by containing saponin and an antibacterial active substance at the same time. In the present invention, when the composition for feed is added to the feed of aquatic animals and orally administered, a superior inhibitory effect against infectious diseases of aquatic animals can be expected due to the synergistic effect of saponin and the antibacterial active substance. When the feed composition of the present invention contains saponin and an antibiotic or a synthetic antibacterial agent as the antibacterial active substance, the synergistic action of the saponin and the antibacterial active substance causes the amount of the conventional antibiotic or the synthetic antibacterial agent to be increased. Because it is possible to reduce
The effect of reducing the frequency of appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and the effect of reducing the amount of drug remaining in the body can be expected. In addition, when the feed composition of the present invention contains saponin and a plant essential oil as an antibacterial active substance, the effect of suppressing infectious diseases of aquatic animals having the plant essential oil is significantly enhanced, and various kinds of antibacterial oils possessed by the plant essential oil are also present. The active ingredient promotes the effect of suppressing the appearance of resistant bacteria. Thus, for the first time in the present invention, it became possible to practically suppress infectious diseases of aquatic animals by adding a natural substance having no safety problem to the feed of aquatic animals.

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Kim Takehisa 9-5 Akabori Shinmachi, Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A feed composition comprising saponin and an antibacterial active substance. 2. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin is at least one saponin selected from quillaja saponin, beet saponin, soybean saponin, and yucca saponin. 3. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the antibacterial active substance is a plant essential oil. 4. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the antibacterial active substance is an antibiotic. 5. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the antibacterial active substance is a synthetic antibacterial agent. 6. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin is Quillaja saponin and the antibacterial active substance is hiba oil. 7. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin is Quillaja saponin and the antibacterial active substance is cinnamon oil.