KR20070004625A - 개선된 저온 특성을 지닌 불소탄성중합체 및 이것의 제조방법 - Google Patents
개선된 저온 특성을 지닌 불소탄성중합체 및 이것의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20070004625A KR20070004625A KR1020067016355A KR20067016355A KR20070004625A KR 20070004625 A KR20070004625 A KR 20070004625A KR 1020067016355 A KR1020067016355 A KR 1020067016355A KR 20067016355 A KR20067016355 A KR 20067016355A KR 20070004625 A KR20070004625 A KR 20070004625A
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- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000806 fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UMKARVFXJJITLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;phosphorous acid Chemical compound [Pb].OP(O)O UMKARVFXJJITLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium oxalate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSJWOWRPMBXQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoromethylvinylether group Chemical group FC(=C(C(F)(F)F)F)OC(=C(F)C(F)(F)F)F CSJWOWRPMBXQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010060 peroxide vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPILDHPJSYVNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;diiodomethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(I)I BPILDHPJSYVNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphite Chemical compound C=CCOP(OCC=C)OCC=C KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003249 vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/759,497 | 2004-01-16 | ||
| US10/759,497 US7138470B2 (en) | 2004-01-16 | 2004-01-16 | Fluoroelastomers with improved low temperature property and method for making the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20070004625A true KR20070004625A (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
Family
ID=34749705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020067016355A Withdrawn KR20070004625A (ko) | 2004-01-16 | 2004-12-21 | 개선된 저온 특성을 지닌 불소탄성중합체 및 이것의 제조방법 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7138470B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1709113A1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2007517964A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20070004625A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1984947A (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2006125077A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2005073304A1 (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2407753C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-12-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Бромсодержащие сополимеры на основе винилиденфторида для термоагрессивостойких материалов |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100902268B1 (ko) * | 2005-06-24 | 2009-06-10 | 에누오케 가부시키가이샤 | Ｅｐｄｍ 조성물 |
| JP2007169511A (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Nok Corp | ゴム組成物及びフッ素ゴム架橋体の製造方法 |
| US7592386B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2009-09-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dual cure hydrotalcite containing fluoropolymer compositions |
| WO2008081173A1 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-10 | World Minerals, Inc. | Polymer compositions comprising fluoro elastomers and expanded perlite |
| US8835551B2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2014-09-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ultra low viscosity iodine containing amorphous fluoropolymers |
| JP5265688B2 (ja) | 2007-10-12 | 2013-08-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 清浄なフルオロポリマーを製造するプロセス |
| EP2251393A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2010-11-17 | NOK Corporation | Process for producing rotating/sliding seal and rotating/sliding seal |
| KR101409075B1 (ko) * | 2008-09-12 | 2014-06-23 | 란세스 인크. | 향상된 내열성, 압축영구변형률, 및 가공성을 가지는 신규 엘라스토머 조성물 |
| US8092884B2 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2012-01-10 | Basf Se | Single layer fuel tank |
| US20120178880A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-07-12 | Qiming Zhang | Polymer blends electrostrictive terpolymer with other polymers |
| TWI523900B (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2016-03-01 | 首威索勒希斯股份有限公司 | 氟彈性體組合物 |
| JP5520748B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-26 | 2014-06-11 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物およびそれを用いた自動車用燃料タンクパッキン |
| GB201108963D0 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-07-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Composite materials comprising polyamides and fluoroelastomers |
| JP5862762B2 (ja) | 2012-01-20 | 2016-02-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ素ゴム組成物、及び、その製造方法 |
| EP2800783B1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2018-04-18 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluororubber composition |
| WO2013125731A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluororubber composition |
| CN102604279A (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 苏州新区特氟龙塑料制品厂 | 一种耐压改性聚偏二氟乙烯的配方 |
| RU2617476C2 (ru) * | 2012-11-29 | 2017-04-25 | Асахи Гласс Компани, Лимитед | Композиция на основе фторкаучука и поперечно-сшитое резиновое изделие на ее основе |
| US9086150B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2015-07-21 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Elastomeric shaft seal formed without oven post curing |
| WO2016201076A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-15 | Rogers Corporation | Circuit materials and articles formed therefrom |
| KR20180090819A (ko) | 2015-12-07 | 2018-08-13 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 플루오르화 엘라스토머에 대한 경화제 |
| EP3255088B1 (de) * | 2016-06-07 | 2020-04-29 | ARLANXEO Deutschland GmbH | Verwendung von vulkanisierbaren zusammensetzungen und vulkanisaten in kontakt mit kühlmittel enthaltend silan-beschichteten wollastonit |
| CN109563397B (zh) | 2016-08-10 | 2021-03-16 | 3M创新有限公司 | 氟化压敏粘合剂及其制品 |
| JP2018080754A (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | 内山工業株式会社 | エンジン回りのガスケット及びその製造方法 |
| AU2017398378B2 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2022-01-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Packer sealing element with non-swelling layer |
| US20230015548A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2023-01-19 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Ultra-low temperature elastomeric fluoropolymer compositions and processes for preparing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1145445A (en) | 1966-02-16 | 1969-03-12 | Du Pont | Fluorinated perfluorovinylethers, their preparation and copolymers thereof |
| US3470176A (en) | 1967-03-10 | 1969-09-30 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Catalyzed nitrile trimerization process |
| US3523118A (en) | 1967-05-01 | 1970-08-04 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Perfluoroalkyl-s-triazines |
| US4035565A (en) | 1975-03-27 | 1977-07-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer containing a small amount of bromine-containing olefin units |
| JPS53125491A (en) | 1977-04-08 | 1978-11-01 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Fluorine-containing polymer easily curable and its curable composition |
| US4123603A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-10-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoroelastomer composition |
| JPS5657811A (en) | 1979-10-17 | 1981-05-20 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Preparation of liquid fluorine-containing polymer |
| JPH0611773B2 (ja) | 1984-04-19 | 1994-02-16 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | 含フッ素エラストマ−硬化物の製造法 |
| US4935467A (en) | 1987-06-04 | 1990-06-19 | Raychem Corporation | Polymeric blends |
| US5006594A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1991-04-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers containing polymeric additives and process for preparing such elastomers |
| IT1242304B (it) * | 1990-03-09 | 1994-03-04 | Ausimont Srl | Fluoroelastomeri a base di fluoruro di vinilidene, esafluoropropene e tetrafluoroetilene |
| US5384374A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1995-01-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Curing fluorocarbon elastomers |
| US5214106A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1993-05-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Cured fluoroelastomer compositions |
| JP3259317B2 (ja) | 1992-02-14 | 2002-02-25 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | パ−オキサイド加硫可能な含フッ素エラストマ−の製造方法 |
| US5427831B1 (en) | 1993-11-12 | 1998-01-06 | Du Pont | Fluoropolymer laminates |
| US6495213B2 (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2002-12-17 | Dupont Dow Elastomers, L.L.C. | UV curable elastomer composition |
| US6191208B1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2001-02-20 | Dupont Dow Elastomers L.L.S. | Thermally stable perfluoroelastomer composition |
| EP1209176A4 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2002-09-18 | Daikin Ind Ltd | FLEXIBLE, HEAT-RESISTANT AND NON-STICKY FLUORCHEMICAL MATERIAL |
| US6410630B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-06-25 | Pelseal Technologies, Llc | High solids fluoroelastomer compositions |
| US6310141B1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2001-10-30 | Dyneon Llc | Fluoropolymer-containing compositions |
-
2004
- 2004-01-16 US US10/759,497 patent/US7138470B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-21 KR KR1020067016355A patent/KR20070004625A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-21 RU RU2006125077/04A patent/RU2006125077A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-12-21 CN CNA2004800405229A patent/CN1984947A/zh active Pending
- 2004-12-21 WO PCT/US2004/043055 patent/WO2005073304A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-21 EP EP04815169A patent/EP1709113A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-21 JP JP2006549309A patent/JP2007517964A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2407753C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-12-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский институт синтетического каучука имени академика С.В. Лебедева" | Бромсодержащие сополимеры на основе винилиденфторида для термоагрессивостойких материалов |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7138470B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
| US20050159557A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| WO2005073304A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| CN1984947A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
| JP2007517964A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
| EP1709113A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
| RU2006125077A (ru) | 2008-02-27 |
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| PA0105 | International application |
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| PC1203 | Withdrawal of no request for examination | ||
| WITN | Application deemed withdrawn, e.g. because no request for examination was filed or no examination fee was paid |