KR20060044718A - 현상 장치 - Google Patents
현상 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20060044718A KR20060044718A KR1020050024725A KR20050024725A KR20060044718A KR 20060044718 A KR20060044718 A KR 20060044718A KR 1020050024725 A KR1020050024725 A KR 1020050024725A KR 20050024725 A KR20050024725 A KR 20050024725A KR 20060044718 A KR20060044718 A KR 20060044718A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- developing
- amount
- carrier
- developing apparatus
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 66
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 33
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/005—Special arrangements or adaptations of the spraying or distributing parts, e.g. adaptations or mounting of the spray booms, mounting of the nozzles, protection shields
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
- G03G2215/0802—Arrangements for agitating or circulating developer material
- G03G2215/0816—Agitator type
- G03G2215/0819—Agitator type two or more agitators
- G03G2215/0822—Agitator type two or more agitators with wall or blade between agitators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
- G03G2215/0802—Arrangements for agitating or circulating developer material
- G03G2215/0836—Way of functioning of agitator means
- G03G2215/0838—Circulation of developer in a closed loop within the sump of the developing device
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 화상 담지 부재 상에 형성된 정전 화상을 현상하기 위한 현상 장치이며,토너와 캐리어를 포함하는 현상제를 수용하기 위한 현상 용기와,상기 현상 용기 내에 제공된 현상제 교반 수단과,상기 화상 담지 부재에 대치되는 대치 부분으로 현상제를 이송하기 위한 현상제 이송 부재와,토너와 캐리어를 포함하는 현상제를 상기 현상 용기 내에 공급하기 위한 공급 수단과,상기 현상 용기로부터 현상제를 배출하기 위한 배출 수단과,상기 현상 용기 내의 현상제 내의 토너 함량을 제어하기 위하여 상기 공급 수단의 공급 동작을 제어하는 공급 제어 수단을 포함하며,단위 시간당 상기 공급 수단에 의해 공급되는 캐리어의 양과 단위 시간당 상기 배출 수단에 의한 캐리어의 배출량 사이의 차이가 100%의 화상 밀도를 가지는 정전 화상의 현상 동안 5 (g/min) 이하가 될 때 상기 현상 용기 내의 현상제량[A(g)]과,단위 시간당 캐리어의 배출량이 상기 공급 수단으로부터의 캐리어의 공급 없이 0.5 (g/min) 이하가 될 때 상기 현상 용기 내의 현상제량[B(g)]은,0.01 ≤ (A - B)/A ≤ 0.10을 충족시키는 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 현상제량(B)은 0%의 화상 밀도로 결정되는 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 현상제량[A(g)]은 100 내지 2,000 (g)인 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공급 수단에 의해 공급되는 보급 현상제 내의 캐리어의 중량 비율은 3 내지 40 (%)인 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공급 수단에 의한 단위 시간당 최대 캐리어 공급량은 1 내지 25 (g/min)인 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 100%의 화상 밀도를 갖는 정전 화상이 현상될 때 단위 영역당 상기 화상 담지 부재 상의 토너량이 0.3 내지 0.8 (mg/㎠)인 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 현상제의 멈춤각이 20 내지 70 (°)인 현상 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 배출 수단은 현상 용기로부터 현상제를 배출하기 위한 개구가 제공되고, 상기 개구의 위치가 조정 가능한 현상 장치.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004093860A JP2005283685A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | 画像形成装置 |
JPJP-P-2004-00093860 | 2004-03-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20060044718A true KR20060044718A (ko) | 2006-05-16 |
KR100585906B1 KR100585906B1 (ko) | 2006-06-07 |
Family
ID=34858532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050024725A KR100585906B1 (ko) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-25 | 현상 장치 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7231154B2 (ko) |
EP (2) | EP3404489A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2005283685A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100585906B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN100501590C (ko) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005283685A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
JP2007178521A (ja) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-12 | Kyocera Mita Corp | 現像装置 |
JP4819547B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-29 | 2011-11-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
JP5151415B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成方法、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ |
JP5207646B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-20 | 2013-06-12 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
JP2008268506A (ja) | 2007-04-19 | 2008-11-06 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 現像装置、像保持体ユニットおよび画像形成装置 |
JP5037254B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-27 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置、画像形成装置 |
JP2009093133A (ja) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-30 | Ricoh Co Ltd | トナー濃度検知方法、トナー補給方法、現像装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP5151391B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-22 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置、及び画像形成装置 |
JP4963717B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-02 | 2012-06-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
EP2469343B1 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2017-11-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing device |
JP5825794B2 (ja) | 2011-02-03 | 2015-12-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置及びマグネットローラ |
JP5935353B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2016-06-15 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
JP6016393B2 (ja) | 2012-03-15 | 2016-10-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
JP6288976B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 | 2018-03-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
JP6415208B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 | 2018-10-31 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
JP6576127B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2019-09-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置 |
US10444668B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2019-10-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus |
US9523941B2 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-12-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image forming apparatus and developing agent discharge control method |
JP6737240B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-15 | 2020-08-05 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
JP7367449B2 (ja) | 2019-10-15 | 2023-10-24 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 現像装置およびそれを備えた画像形成装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0221591A (ja) | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 調理器 |
US5430532A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1995-07-04 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing device with a tilt detecting function designed for a trickle system |
JPH09204105A (ja) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-08-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
JPH1048932A (ja) | 1996-07-29 | 1998-02-20 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 現像装置 |
JPH10186829A (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 現像装置 |
JP2000284582A (ja) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-13 | Sharp Corp | 現像剤カートリッジ |
JP2003015398A (ja) * | 2001-04-26 | 2003-01-17 | Canon Inc | トナー及びプロセスカートリッジ |
JP2003122118A (ja) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-25 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
JP3885556B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-31 | 2007-02-21 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 画像形成方法、該方法に用いる補給用トナーおよびその製造方法、並びにキャリア含有トナーカートリッジ |
US7542703B2 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2009-06-02 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developing device replenishing a toner or a carrier of a two-ingredient type developer and image forming apparatus including the developing device |
JP2005283685A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 JP JP2004093860A patent/JP2005283685A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-03-23 EP EP18175940.8A patent/EP3404489A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-23 EP EP05006445A patent/EP1580619A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-24 US US11/087,514 patent/US7231154B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-25 KR KR1020050024725A patent/KR100585906B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-28 CN CNB2005100601678A patent/CN100501590C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1580619A2 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
EP1580619A3 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
US20050214001A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
KR100585906B1 (ko) | 2006-06-07 |
EP3404489A1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
JP2005283685A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
CN1673886A (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
US7231154B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
CN100501590C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100585906B1 (ko) | 현상 장치 | |
JP4819547B2 (ja) | 現像装置 | |
JP2004170660A (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
US7715762B2 (en) | Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus including same | |
US20120251185A1 (en) | Developing device | |
EP2639649A2 (en) | Developing apparatus | |
US8532538B2 (en) | Image forming apparatus featuring supply of developers having different toner ratios | |
US7634215B2 (en) | Developing apparatus | |
JP2003255694A (ja) | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2006220988A (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
US10031439B2 (en) | Developing device having developer regulating member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus | |
US10365581B1 (en) | Developing device and image forming apparatus including same | |
JPH10221936A (ja) | 現像方法、現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2009058736A (ja) | 現像装置とこれを備えた画像形成装置 | |
JP7081172B2 (ja) | 現像装置およびそれを備えた画像形成装置 | |
JP5538935B2 (ja) | 画像形成装置 | |
JP4492670B2 (ja) | 現像装置、画像形成装置および現像方法 | |
US10620568B2 (en) | Developing device having magnetic field generating members, image forming apparatus and cartridge | |
JP2009058864A (ja) | 電子写真用現像ローラ | |
JP4548000B2 (ja) | 現像装置 | |
JP6736327B2 (ja) | 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 | |
JP5709455B2 (ja) | 現像装置 | |
JP2012063549A (ja) | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2018005060A (ja) | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2006106218A (ja) | 画像形成装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20130425 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20140424 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20150424 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20160425 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20170424 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20180425 Year of fee payment: 13 |