KR20050102458A - Development of includuced spawning and seeding production techniques for the filefish - Google Patents
Development of includuced spawning and seeding production techniques for the filefish Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명은 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to early spawning induction and seedling production method of the marlin.
본 발명의 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법은, 사육용 친어를 사육하다가 수온조절을 하여 조기산란을 유도하고, 산란 후 수정되고 부화한 자어에게 적정 먹이생물과 환경을 조성하여 종묘를 생산하는 것으로 구성된다.Early spawning induction and seedling production method of the horsefish of the present invention, by raising the temperature of the breeding parenting to induce early spawning, and after spawning fertilized and hatched larvae to produce a suitable food organism and environment to produce seedlings It consists of.
본 발명에 의해 말쥐치의 효율적인 조기산란을 유도하는 방법과 말쥐치 자어에 적합한 초기 먹이생물 종과 종묘 생산방법이 제공된다.According to the present invention, there is provided a method for inducing efficient early spawning of the marlin and a method for producing early feed organisms and seedlings suitable for the marlin.
Description
본 발명은 말쥐치의 산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to spawning induction and seedling production method of the marlin.
말쥐치는 복어목(Tetraodontida), 파랑쥐치아목(Balistina), 쥐치과(Aluteridae)에 속하는 물고기로서, 한국의 동.서.남해, 일본의 중부이남해, 동중국해, 대만해 등에 분포하는 온대성 어류이며, 수심 100 m 이내의 바닥이 모래질인 곳에 무리를 지어 서식한다.The fillet is a fish belonging to Tetraodontida, Bluelistina and Aluteridae, and is a temperate fish distributed in the East, West and South Seas of Korea, the South Central Japan Sea, the East China Sea, and the Taiwan Sea. Inhabit them in groups where sand is less than 100 m deep.
말쥐치는 우리에게 잘 알려진 쥐포의 재료가 되는 어종이다. 말쥐치는 식용으로 기호도가 높고, 유용수산자원으로서 개발 가치가 매우 높은 어종이지만, 남획으로 인한 연안 자원의 급속한 감소로 인해 현재는 멸종위기에 놓여있다.Malfish is a fish species known to us. Although the larvae are a fish species with high preference and a high value for development as a useful fishery resource, it is endangered due to the rapid decrease of coastal resources due to overfishing.
최근들어 멸종위기에 놓이거나 어획량이 감소한 어류에 대해 대량종묘 생산을 위한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다.Recently, various studies have been conducted for the production of mass seedlings for endangered or reduced fish catches.
말쥐치는 산란기가 5 월 중순에서 6 월말이므로 이 시기에 종묘를 생산하면 9 월말 급격하게 하강하는 우리나라 연안 수온의 특성상 자연상태로 생산한 말쥐치 종묘는 당해년도에 상품크기에 이르지 못하여 연안 가두리 양식장에서 월동을 해야하므로 생산성이 낮아지게 되는 문제점이 있다.Since the spawning season is mid-May to the end of June, when the seedlings are produced during this period, the horsefish seedlings produced in the natural state due to the temperature of the coastal water temperature drop rapidly at the end of September. Since there is a problem that the productivity is lowered.
또한, 알에서 갓 부화된 부화자어의 크기가 너무 작아서 기존의 종묘생산 방법으로는 대량생산이 어려운 문제점이 있다.In addition, since the size of the hatchling freshly hatched eggs in eggs is difficult to mass production with the conventional seedling production method.
해양수산부 연구보고서 '쥐치종묘 대량생산 기술개발'(2001.12)에는, 쥐치 자치어의 초기먹이생물로써 부착성 규조류가 가장 적절하며, 이를 먹이생물로 공급하였을 때 높은 성장률과 생장률을 보이는 것으로 나와있다.According to the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries Research Report, Development of Mass Production Technology of Juvenile Seedlings (2001.12), adherent diatoms are the most suitable early feed organisms of juvenile larvae and show high growth rate and growth rate when fed to feed organisms.
그러나, 실제 부착성 규조류를 말쥐치 자치어의 먹이생물로 공급하였을 때 먹이섭취가 되지 않아 종묘가 대량 생산 되지 않는 문제점이 있었다.However, there was a problem that the seedling is not produced in large quantities because the feeding of the diatoms to the feed organisms of the larvae was not fed.
또한, 중앙일보 '멸종위기 쥐치어 양식기술 개발'(2001.08.20)에는, 인공 채란하기 20 여일 전부터 종묘생산 수조를 자연상태의 조간대와 유사한 먹이생물 생태계로 만들어 규조류와 녹조류 등 식물성 플랑크톤과 로티퍼, 코페포다 등 동물성 먹이생물을 안정적으로 조성하여 종묘를 생산하는 방법이 나와있다.In addition, the JoongAng Ilbo 'Development of Endangered Fish Farming Technology' (August 20, 2001) made phytoplankton and rotifers such as diatoms and green algae, such as diatoms and green algae, by making the seedling production tank 20 days before artificial eggs There is a method of producing seedlings by stably forming animal feed organisms such as copepoda.
그러나, 실제로는 말쥐치 부화자어의 초기 먹이생물인 로티퍼를 잡식성 코페포다가 섭식하므로 대량으로 종묘를 생산하는 것에는 적합하지 않다.In practice, however, omnivorous copepods feed on rotifers, the early food organisms of the marlin hatchery, and are not suitable for producing seedlings in large quantities.
한편, 한국등록특허 10-0291703(농어의 수정란 생산방법)에는, 농어에 호르몬 유사체를 처리하고, 수온과 광주기를 조절하여 수정란을 생산하는 방법이 공개되어 있다.On the other hand, Korean Patent No. 10-0291703 (method of fertilized egg production of perch), a method for producing a fertilized egg by treating the hormone analogs to the perch, and adjusting the water temperature and photoperiod.
한국등록특허 특0179336(황복의 배란을 유도하는 방법)에는, 황복의 암컷에 성선자극호르몬, 성자극호르몬 방출호르몬, 또는 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬과 피모자이드의 혼합물을 주사하여 황복의 배란을 유도하는 방법이 공개되어 있다.Korean Patent Registration No. 0179336 (Method for Inducing Ovulation in Blessing) Injects gonadotropin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, or a mixture of gonadotropin releasing hormone and pimozide into female bokbok to induce ovulation of bokbok The method is public.
하지만, 상기의 발명들은 산란 유도시 호르몬제를 사용하기 때문에 비용이 많이 들며, 해당 종에는 적용이 가능하다고 하겠으나, 본 발명자들이 연구한 결과 다회 산란종인 말쥐치에는 호르몬 처리가 그다지 좋은 효과를 나타내지 않았다.However, the above inventions are expensive because they use hormones to induce spawning, and they can be applied to the corresponding species. However, the present inventors did not show the effect of hormonal treatment on horsefish, which is a multi-scattering species.
본 발명은 상기의 문제점들을 해결하기 위해서, 말쥐치의 효율적인 조기산란을 유도하는 방법과 말쥐치 자어에 적합한 초기 먹이생물 종과 종묘 생산방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for inducing efficient early spawning of horsefish and a method for producing early food species and seedlings suitable for the fish.
본 발명은 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to early spawning induction and seedling production method of the marlin.
본 발명의 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법은, 사육용 친어를 사육하다가 수온조절을 하여 조기산란을 유도하고, 산란 후 수정되고 부화한 자어에게 적정 먹이생물과 환경을 조성하여 종묘를 생산하는 것으로 구성된다.Early spawning induction and seedling production method of the horsefish of the present invention, by raising the temperature of the breeding parenting to induce early spawning, and after spawning fertilized and hatched larvae to produce a suitable food organism and environment to produce seedlings It consists of.
본 발명의 말쥐치 자어의 초기먹이 생물로 이용되는 로티퍼는 전세계의 수계(주로 담수)에 약 2,000여종이 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 작은 동물 플랑크톤의 일종이다 (Nogrady et al., 1993).The rotifer, which is used as an early food organism of the marlin larvae of the present invention, is a kind of small animal plankton known to have about 2,000 species in the world's water systems (mainly freshwater) (Nogrady et al., 1993).
로티퍼는 작은 크기와 느린 유영 속도, 물에 부유하며 머무는 습성과 고밀도의 배양능력(10,000 개체/㎖), 그리고 높은 번식력 때문에 유생단계의 어류를 위한 첫 먹이로 매우 좋은 생물이다.Rotifers are very good organisms as the first food for larval fishes because of their small size, slow swimming speed, water-sustaining habits, dense cultivation capacity (10,000 individuals / ml), and high fertility.
기존의 보고에 의하면 말쥐치 자어의 초기 먹이는 부착성 규조 또는 식물 플랑크톤인 것으로 밝혀져 있으나, 본 발명의 실험결과 규조류 보다는 부화 5 일째부터 20 일까지 장기간에 걸쳐 rotifer egg를 선호하는 경향이 있음이 확인되었다.According to the existing reports, it was found that the early food of the marlin larvae is adherent diatom or phytoplankton, but the experimental results of the present invention showed that the rotifer egg tended to be preferred over a long period from 5 days to 20 days of hatching.
본 발명은 자연산란기보다 1 ~ 2 개월 이른시기에 조기산란을 유도하였으며, 단순히 수온과 광주기 조절만으로도 말쥐치의 조기산란을 성공시켰다.The present invention induced early spawning at a time of 1 to 2 months earlier than the natural spawning season, and succeeded in early spawning of horsefish by simply adjusting the water temperature and photoperiod.
본 발명의 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법을 도 1과 도 2를 참조하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The early spawning induction and seedling production method of the horsefish of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 as follows.
제 1단계 : 말쥐치 친어 확보1st step: secure fishfish
말쥐치 3 ∼ 4 년생 친어를 확보하여, 유수식 사육조에서 수온 13 ℃ 의 온도로 사육관리한다.Three- to four-year-old larvae are secured, and reared at a temperature of 13 ° C in a flowing breeding tank.
제 2단계 : 산란 유도Step 2: Induce Scattering
친어의 관리 사육수온을 3 ~ 4 일에 걸쳐 15 ℃ 로 서서히 상승시킨 후 (0.5 ℃ 전후/일간) 1 개월간 유지한다.Management of Fish Fish Breeding The water temperature is gradually raised to 15 ° C. over 3 to 4 days (about 0.5 ° C./day) and maintained for 1 month.
그 다음 사육수온을 3 ~ 4 일에 걸쳐 17 ℃ 로 상승시킨 후 4 주간 17 ℃ 를 유지한다.The breeding water temperature is then raised to 17 ° C. over 3-4 days and then maintained at 17 ° C. for 4 weeks.
그 다음 2 ~ 3 일에 걸쳐 사육수온을 18 ℃ 로 서서히 상승시키면 1 주일 내에 산란을 시작한다. Then raise the breeding water temperature slowly to 18 ℃ over 2 ~ 3 days and start laying within 1 week.
각 단계별 광주기는 자연 광주기보다도 약 1 ~ 2 시간 연장한다.Each stage photoperiod extends about 1 to 2 hours longer than the natural photoperiod.
제 3단계 : 부화자어 채집Step 3: Gather hatching fish
산란된 알은 사육조에서 수정이 이루어지고 70 시간 정도 경과하면 부화가 시작되며 이 때 부화된 자어를 채집한다. The eggs are hatched after fertilization in the breeding tank for about 70 hours and then the hatched eggs are collected.
또는, 산란된 알이 적정 범위의 수정률을 나타내고, 동일 수조에서 사육이 가능한 범위의 수량이라면 친어를 다른 수로로 이동하고, 직접 부화하며 종묘생산에 들어간다.Or, if the eggs laid in the appropriate range of fertilization rate, the number of ranges that can be reared in the same tank, move the fish to another channel, hatch directly to enter the seedling production.
제 4단계 : 종묘생산Step 4: seedling production
부화된 자어를 사육하는 육상수조를 준비한다.Prepare a land tank to raise hatched fish.
육상수조 안에 클로렐라를 100 만 cell/㎖ 로 접종하고 이후에 서서히 200 ~ 500 만 cell/㎖ 의 농도로 유지한다.Inoculate chlorella at 1 million cells / ml into the water tank and then slowly maintain a concentration of 2-5 million cells / ml.
수온은 19 ~ 21 ℃ 로 유지한다.The water temperature is maintained at 19 ~ 21 ℃.
부화된 자어를 준비된 육상수조에 6 ~ 10 개체/ℓ의 비율이 되도록 옮긴다.The hatched larvae are transferred to the prepared land tank at a rate of 6 to 10 individuals / l.
부화 2 일째 로티퍼는 1 ~ 2 개체/㎖의 농도로 접종한다.On day 2 of incubation the rotifers are inoculated at a concentration of 1-2 individuals / ml.
부화 5 일 째 부터는 부화자어가 로티퍼 egg를 섭식하므로 항상 로티퍼를 2 ~ 3 개체/㎖ 의 비율로 유지하다가 부화 10 일째 부터는 로티퍼를 투입량을 늘려 5 ~ 8 개체/㎖ 의 비율을 유지하여 말쥐치 종묘를 대량 생산한다.On the 5th day of hatching, hatchery eggs feed on rotifer eggs, so the rotifers are always maintained at a ratio of 2 to 3 individuals / ml. On the 10th day of hatching, the rotifers are increased to maintain the ratio of 5 to 8 individuals / ml. Mass production.
이하, 실시예와 실험예를 통하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하나, 이들이 발명의 내용을 제한하는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
<실시예 1> 말쥐치 친어의 조기 산란유도 및 수정, 부화Example 1 Early spawning, fertilization and hatching
양식용 친어 또는 서해안에서 어획되는 3 ∼ 4 년생 친어를 확보하였고, 수온을 13 ℃ 로 유지하면서 유수식 사육조에서 관리하였다.Aquaculture broodstock or three- to four-year-old larvae caught on the west coast were secured and managed in a feeding breeding tank while maintaining the water temperature at 13 ° C.
산란유도용 친어는 양식산의 경우 총 159 마리(암컷 75 마리)였으며, 평균체중은 452 g 이었다. The number of spawning larvae was 159 (75 females) in aquaculture and the mean weight was 452 g.
자연산 말쥐치 친어는 충남 안면도 인근 해역에서 산란을 위해 회유한 개체를 수시로 확보하였고, 총 120 마리(암컷 71 마리)였으며, 평균체중은 528 g 이었다.The wild horsefish larvae frequently secured hens for spawning in the waters near Anmyeon-do, Chungnam, and total 120 (71 females) with an average weight of 528 g.
2 월 초순에 13 ℃ 로 유지하다가, 3월 1일부터 3 일에 걸쳐 15 ℃ 로 서서히 상승시킨 후 3 주간 15 ℃ 를 유지하였다.The temperature was maintained at 13 ° C. in early February, and then gradually increased to 15 ° C. over 3 days from March 1, followed by 15 ° C. for 3 weeks.
그 다음 사육수온을 3 일에 걸쳐 17 ℃ 로 상승시킨 후 4 주간 17 ℃ 를 유지하였다.The breeding water temperature was then raised to 17 ° C. over 3 days and then maintained at 17 ° C. for 4 weeks.
그 다음 2 일에 걸쳐 사육수온을 18 ℃ 로 서서히 상승시키면 산란을 하기 시작하였다.Later, the breeding water temperature was slowly raised to 18 ° C. over 2 days to start laying.
광주기는 자연광주기보다 1 ~ 2 시간 연장하였는데, 일몰시간을 중심으로 2 시간 더 점등항 후에 소등하였다.The photoperiod extended 1 to 2 hours from the natural light cycle, and after 2 hours, it turned off after the lighting time.
산란된 알은 사육조에서 수정이 이루어진 뒤 70 시간 정도 경과하면 부화가 시작되며 이 때 부화된 자어를 채집하였다. The spawned eggs started hatching about 70 hours after fertilization in the breeding tank, at which time the hatched eggs were collected.
몇번의 실험에서 최초산란이 개시된 날짜는 자연산란기보다 1 ~ 2 개월 빠른 4월 중순 또는 5월 초순경에 개시됨을 보여, 단순히 수온과 광주기 조절만으로도 말쥐치의 조기산란이 성공하였음을 나타내었다.In several experiments, the date of initial spawning was initiated in mid-April or early May, one to two months earlier than natural spawning, indicating that early spawning of horsefish was successful by simply adjusting the water temperature and photoperiod.
<실시예 2> 부화자어의 사육 및 종묘 생산Example 2 Breeding and Production of Seedlings
부화된 자어를 사육하는 육상수조를 준비하였다.A land tank to raise hatched fish was prepared.
육상수조 안에 클로렐라를 100 만 cell/㎖ 로 접종하고, 이후 500 만 cell/㎖ 의 비율로 유지하였으며, 수온은 19 ~ 21 ℃ 로 유지하였다.Chlorella was inoculated at 1 million cells / ml in the land tank, and then maintained at a rate of 5 million cells / ml, and the water temperature was maintained at 19-21 ° C.
부화된 자어를 준비된 육상수조에 10 개체/ℓ의 비율이 되도록 옮겼다.The hatched larvae were transferred to the prepared land tank at a rate of 10 individuals / l.
부화 2 일후 로티퍼를 1 ~ 2 개체/㎖ 의 비율로 접종한 후, After 2 days of incubation, the rotifers were inoculated at a rate of 1 to 2 individuals / ml,
부화 5 일째부터 로티퍼를 추가로 투입하여 3 개체/㎖ 의 비율로 유지하다가 부화 10 일째부터는 로티퍼의 투입량을 늘려 8 개체/㎖ 의 비율을 유지하여 말쥐치 종묘를 대량 생산하였다.From the 5th day of hatching, additional rotifers were added and maintained at a ratio of 3 individuals / ml. On the 10th day of incubation, the amount of rotifers was increased to maintain the ratio of 8 individuals / ml to mass produce marlin seedlings.
<실험예 1> 말쥐치 자어의 먹이 선호도 조사Experimental Example 1 Investigation of Feeding Preference of Filefish
사육환경 조성을 위한 먹이선호도 조사실험에서는 표 1에서 나타내는 바와 같이 초기에는 rotifer egg를, 성장함에 따라 rotifer를 활발히 섭식하는 것을 위 내용물 분석을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다.In the food preference survey for the breeding environment, as shown in Table 1, rotifer eggs were initially fed and rotifers were actively fed through the above contents analysis.
클로렐라와 로티퍼를 투입한 사육환경에서 종묘생산을 한 결과 70 % 의 생존율을 나타내었고, 규조류와 클로렐라를 각각 투여한 실험군 및 야외 노지에서 사육한 실험군에서는 자어가 모두 폐사하였다.Seedling production in cultivated environment with chlorella and rotifers showed a survival rate of 70%. In the experimental group fed diatoms and chlorella, and the experimental group grown in open field, all of the larvae died.
또한, 말쥐치 자어의 초기성장을 조사하기 위하여 부화 후 50 일까지 전장 및 체중을 측정한 결과, 도 3에서 나타내는 바와 같이 전장은 부화직후 1.95 mm 였던 것이 10 일째는 2.96 mm, 20 일째는 3.89 mm, 30 일째는 12.9 mm, 50 일째는 35.1 mm로 성장하였고, 체중은 도 4에서 나타나는 바와 같이 부화후 30 일째부터 급격한 성장을 나타내었다.In addition, as a result of measuring the full length and body weight up to 50 days after hatching in order to investigate the initial growth of the marlin larvae, as shown in Figure 3, the full length was 1.95 mm immediately after hatching 2.96 mm on the 10th day, 3.89 mm on the 20th day, On the 30th day, it grew to 12.9 mm, and on the 50th day to 35.1 mm, the weight showed rapid growth from the 30th day after hatching as shown in FIG.
<표 1> 사육환경에 따른 말쥐치 자어의 먹이선호도<Table 1> Feeding Preference of Filefishes According to Breeding Environment
본 발명에 의해 말쥐치의 효율적인 조기산란을 유도하는 방법과 말쥐치 자어에 적합한 초기 먹이생물 종과 종묘 생산방법이 제공된다.According to the present invention, there is provided a method for inducing efficient early spawning of the marlin and a method for producing early feed organisms and seedlings suitable for the marlin.
도 1은 말쥐치의 조기산란유도 및 종묘 생산방법의 전체 과정도Figure 1 is the overall process of early spawning induction and seedling production method of the horsefish
도 2는 말쥐치의 인공성숙 및 산란유도를 위한 사육수온 조사 결과Figure 2 shows the results of breeding water temperature for artificial maturation and spawning induction of horsefish
도 3은 사육기간에 따른 말쥐치 자어의 전장 성장 결과Figure 3 shows the full-length growth results of horsefish larvae according to the breeding period
도 4는 사육기간에 따른 말쥐치 자어의 체중 성장 결과Figure 4 shows the weight growth results of horsefish larvae according to the breeding period
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