KR20040110885A - Eco-revegetation method for the rear slope of dam - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An eco-vegetation method for the rear slope of a dam is provided to make a dam function as an eco-bridge and to recycle waste resources in the district to be submerged effectively. CONSTITUTION: The eco-vegetation method for the rear slope of a dam(1) comprises the steps of: investigating forest vegetation, topographical features and soils around the rear of a dam(1); preparing a topographical map and a planting design for the rear of a dam(1); investigating the spot for topsoil and vegetation; selecting the spot for topsoil and vegetation and outputting the quantity; harvesting trees for transplantation and gathering topsoil; outputting the insufficient quantity of trees for transplantation; processing the stubble of waste wood and large-scale wood in the district to be submerged into wood chips; selecting a storage spot for topsoil and woodchips and managing topsoil and woodchips; spreading topsoil on the spot for vegetation; installing a prevention fence and a wood post; spreading wood chips; and setting out transplanted trees, port trees and stubbles by community planting method to form a vegetation structure.

Description

ECO-REVEGETATION METHOD FOR THE REAR SLOPE OF DAM}

The present invention relates to the greening method of the dam backside, and in particular, the dam greening method for recreating the natural vegetation structure and landscape similar to the surrounding forest to the dam backside by recycling the biological resources discarded in the area where water is expected to be submerged. By recreating the natural vegetation structure and natural landscape similar to the surrounding forest, the dam backside greening restores the natural vegetation structure, natural landscape and biodiversity to alleviate biological heterogeneity and prevent ecosystem disturbance. It is about public law.

In the past, the back side of the dam was formed of structures separated from surrounding forests such as turf turf, birds, concrete, and lumps, and lost its function as a biological movement path, and it was very heterogeneous with the surrounding landscape and discarded the good soil and trees in the flooded area. This has resulted in social criticism of environmental destruction.

Recently, as the technology of dam construction is improved, native plants are being planted on the back surface of dams in terms of restoration of damaged ecosystems. Korea Water Resources Corporation is trying to develop eco-friendly dam landscape design technology.

The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems and defects, and by reproducing the natural vegetation structure and natural landscape having similar composition to the surrounding forest on the back of the dam, the natural vegetation structure, biodiversity and natural landscape restoration Its purpose is to provide eco-greening dams that enable them to function as biotransports and to maximize the recycling of plant resources such as forest topsoil, field tops, stumps, small trees, and soil seeding, which are disposed of in flooded areas. It is to provide a dam backing greening method that can be constructed by.

1 to 8 are views for explaining the eco-recording dam method according to the present invention.

1 is a cross-sectional view of the surface order wall type stone ingot dam to which the present invention can be applied.

2 is a topographical map of the top of the dam to the topography.

3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.

Figure 4 is an exemplary view of the planting conception according to the location environment of the dam back.

Figure 5 is an illustration of the planting design plan of the deciduous softwood community and coniferous community.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing a construction example.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a portion “B” of FIG. 6 in detail.

8 is a construction process diagram for reproducing the forest vegetation structure of the dam back portion according to the greening method of the dam back portion.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: Dam 2: Earthwork Planning Ground

3a: Soil layer 3b: Effective soil layer

4: forest soil layer 5: holding trees

6: book 7: small tree

8: stump 9: pot tree

In order to achieve the above object, the greening method of the dam backing part according to the present invention is to reproduce the natural vegetation structure at the planned settlement of the dam by the topographical map and the design plan of the dam backing part set by the topography, the forest ecosystem, the natural vegetation structure and the soil survey. To secure the species and the topsoil (field soil), install the topsoil on the earthwork ground of the dam backside, create the natural topography, create the growth base environment, and carry out the transplanting trees, the pot trees, and the stump planting by the colonization method By reproducing the natural vegetation structure and natural landscape with species composition similar to the surrounding forest by utilizing the plant resources and soil of the area where the water is expected to be submerged in the dam backside, it is configured to perform the function of biological movement pathway, forest landscape, and biodiversity restoration. do.

More specifically, the dam backing greening method according to the present invention is a process of investigating and analyzing the topsoil and trees that can be utilized in the submerged areas, and calculating the topsoil and planting quantity for reproducing the forest vegetation structure at the transplanted sites in the submerged areas. Process of extracting topsoil after extracting or harvesting transplanted trees from the topsoil collection site, planning and bringing in native seedlings seedlings after calculating shortage of transplanted trees, selecting temporary storage places for topsoil and preventing and managing the loss of topsoil. Process, process of laying topsoil on earthwork ground of dam rear part, creating natural topography, creating a growth-based environment, installing prevention measures of topsoil and holding trees, transplanting trees, pot trees, stump planting by colonization method It is composed of the process.

In addition, the present invention may be configured to include a wood chip process of waste wood and large tree stumps in the area to be submerged, and the wood chip while laying the topsoil.

An embodiment of the greening method of the dam backing portion according to the present invention is based on the topographical map and planting design of the dam backing part according to the topographical map and the plant design plan of the dam backing part similar to the surrounding forest by the topography, the forest ecosystem, the natural vegetation structure and the soil survey. The soil is collected on the earthwork planning ground of the dam backing area to form an effective soil layer as a natural topography for the plant growth environment, and the forest soil collected from the surrounding forest is covered on the effective soil layer. Forming, covering the soil soil layer on the forest soil layer to form a soil soil layer, characterized in that the planting of trees collected in the sinking site.

In addition, the place where the effective soil is to be covered with more than 1m is covered with rubble collected at the site of the water sink in the earthwork planning ground, and then the ground is drained.

And, the natural topography for the plant growth environment is formed including the ridge, valley, hills, flats.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in detail as follows.

1 to 8 are views for explaining the eco-recording dam method according to the present invention, Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the surface of the order of the stone wall dam to which the present invention can be applied, Figure 2 is a top view of the top of the dam in the top portion of the dam 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2, and an example of a planting plot for each location environment of the dam rear part is shown in FIG. 4, and an example of a plant design plan of the deciduous softwood community and the coniferous community is shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6. Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the construction example, and Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the "B" portion of Fig. 6 in detail.

8 shows a construction process diagram for reproducing the forest vegetation structure of the dam back part according to the greening method of the dam back part.

First, referring to Figure 8, the dam backing greening method according to the present invention is a process of examining the forest vegetation, topography, soil around the dam back portion (ST100); Creating a top view of the dam rear surface and a planting plan (ST110); Selecting green trees and soil (ST120); Investigating the topsoil and dietary target site (ST130); Selecting a topsoil, a target place for eating, and calculating a quantity (ST140); Extracting the tree to be transplanted and collecting the topsoil (ST150); Calculating a deficiency quantity of the tree to be transplanted (ST160); Wood chipping the waste wood and large tree stumps in the area where water is to be submerged (ST170); Selecting topsoil and woodchip storage locations and managing topsoil and woodchips (ST180); Laying topsoil on the greening target area (ST190); A process of installing a loss prevention measure and a holding neck (ST200); Laying a wood chip (ST210); It includes a process of reproducing the forest vegetation structure by carrying out the transplanting tree, the pot tree and the stump planting by the colonization method (ST220).

As described above, the dam backing greening method of the present invention analyzes the natural vegetation structure and soil through the forest ecosystem survey, prepares the topographic map and the plant design of the dam backside through the investigation of the forest vegetation and the topography and the soil around the dam backside, and reproduces the natural vegetation structure. Select the species and topsoil for the study, investigate and analyze the topsoil and the tree available in the submerged settlement, estimate the topsoil and plant quantity for reproducing the forest vegetation structure at the transplanted settlement in the submerged settlement, and Extract the topsoil after excavation or felling, and establish and bring in the native seedling seedling plan after calculating the shortage of transplanted trees, wood chip waste and large tree stumps, select temporary storage places of topsoil and wood chips, It manages to prevent the loss of topsoil and creates natural topography by laying topsoil on the ground of the dam. And a composition-based environment, the installation surface soil, wood chips and jijumok loss prevention and, the wood chip laid on top soil, the construction as a process of planting the implant neck, port A tree stump by colony planting techniques.

In more detail, in order to reproduce the natural vegetation structure similar to the surrounding forest to the dam backside, a survey zone is set up in the representative vegetation community of the forest around the dam backside, and the vegetation succession system is considered by examining the vegetation structure and soil environment. After determining species composition, soil, topographical characteristics, and physical environment limitations, the target plant community is determined, and the forest vegetation model planting plan and topographic maps are developed through the colonization method.

In order to reproduce the plant vegetation design model plan on the dam backside, the target vegetation group should select an area with similar vegetation conditions and forest vegetation structure as the target area for transplantation from the planned settlement of the dam. It is effective to collect tree extracts before harvesting at the transplantation site in consideration of gradients and carry-out distances, and to collect species such as lumber and shrubs as well as small trees in order to enhance species diversity.

In order to extract soil suitable for the growth of green trees, the basic direction of topsoil utilization is established by the process of investigation, analysis, transportation, management and utilization. In the investigation and analysis process, we evaluate and evaluate the applicability of the topsoil and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. In the transportation process, the topsoil of the shortest distance is transported, and the soil organic matter and microorganisms are prevented from being managed and utilized. In this regard, the use of topsoil that is ecologically suitable for transplanting vegetation can be utilized, and this process promotes early engraftment and good growth of transplanted vegetation, and promotes the diversity of species by soil seed.

More specifically, in order to collect topsoil and use the topsoil economically, it is easy to access the topsoil use site, select the place that is located at the shortest distance from the transplanted land as the topsoil use area, and the state of the topsoil until the actual topsoil utilization after collection. In order to keep the harvesting in the initial state, it is necessary to manage the topsoil and the forest topsoil separately by creating a temporary storehouse.

Topsoil collection should be done in spring if soil that can be covered immediately after collection. Soil used after temporary storage should be collected in autumn to prevent damage to nutrients, soil microorganisms and plant seeds in forest soils. . The depth of topsoil extraction is suggested to be collected within 10cm near the topsoil considering the appearance of various species and the number of growth individuals, and 梅 原 et al. Suggest that it is appropriate to collect 30-40cm of topsoil. 1999). The depth of topsoil collection is 30 cm based on the depth of topsoil taking into consideration working conditions.

The waste wood generated at the water submerged area is made of fibrous wood chips.

Hereinafter, the dam back portion of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the construction example in the accompanying drawings.

1 to 6 and 7 are views for explaining the eco-recording dam method according to the present invention, Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the surface-order wall stone ingot dam to which the present invention can be applied, Figure 2 is a dam rear portion 3 is a cross-sectional view of the topography, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2, Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a planting concept according to the location environment of the dam back portion, Figure 5 is a diagram showing the planting design plan of the deciduous softwood community and coniferous community, respectively, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a construction example, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the "B" part of FIG. 6 in detail.

In reproducing the forest vegetation structure according to the greening method of the dam backside part of the present invention, considering the structural characteristics of the dam backside part, the upper abdomen, the lower abdomen, the periphery part (upper area, left / right, lower area), dam top part, The forest vegetation structure is reproduced as shown in FIG. 4 by considering the location environment as the lower end of the dam.

The planting distance between species is closely related to the maintenance intensity and target year setting for the reproduction of forest vegetation structure. Do In order to achieve the goal of reproducing the forest vegetation structure in a short period of time, it is necessary to control the planting of the cultivated tree densely and adjust it to the appropriate density according to the growth. The proper distance between the species when the target species is mature after the planting is as follows.

Water pipe layer Glue layer Minimum distance between crown dominant species and crown layer Minimum distance between water superior layer species and species below water level Dominant Distance Species distance Dominant Distance Species distance 7-8m 4.-5.5m 6-7m 2.5-3.5m 4m 2m

*) Source: A Study on the Cultivation Design Criteria Considering Ecological Characteristics of Natural Vegetation

In addition, it aims to reproduce the forest vegetation structure having similar composition similar to the forest around the dam rear part in the colony planting, and the seed composition is simplified to dominate the species, so that the planting is easy and the plant species diversity is rare. Planting the species together, and planted according to the colonial planting design plane model as shown in Figure 5, and when planting preferentially recycled trees excavated from the transplant destination, the quantity of tribal trees to order and produce pot trees in advance Plant. In this case, the size of the pot tree should be 3-5 gallons for the arbor tree (2 m tall), and the shrubs should be 3 gallons for the pot tree (about 1 m tall).

One embodiment of the forest vegetation structure of the dam back surface according to the present invention is effective as a natural topography for plant growth environment by filling the topsoil (field soil) collected from the topsoil utilization site to about 1m on the earthwork planning ground (2) of the dam back surface part. A soil layer 3b is formed, and the forest soil collected from the surrounding forest is covered on the effective soil layer 3b to form a forest soil layer 4, and a soil layer layer is covered on the forest soil layer 4 to cover the soil layer. (3a) is formed and planted in the process of planting trees collected in the water sink site.

And, where the effective soil (3) is to be covered for more than 1m, fill the rubble collected from the submerged ground in the earthwork planning ground (2) to create an underground drainage environment.

The forest vegetation model model is reproduced by planting conception according to the location environment according to FIG. 4. The top of the dam 11, the bottom 12 of the dam 12, the upper abdomen 13, the lower abdomen 14, and the periphery 15 of the planting region 10 are illustrated. The top of the dam 11 and the bottom of the dam 12 are about 3-5m, and the periphery 15 is divided into the upper area of the dam back and other areas according to the structural characteristics of the dam backside and the environmental location characteristics of the forest ecosystem. The width should be around 3m.

The reproduction of the forest vegetation structure of the dam rear part is as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, and the small diameter tree (7), the port tree (8), and the stump (9) are planted in the dam rear part, and it is shown in the model plan of the community replanting plan per unit area of Fig. 5. Therefore, deciduous broad-leaved trees and pine communities are formed, and the periphery is also constructed in the form of periphery (A) and periphery (B), and the construction method is the recycling greening method (Patent Application No. 2002-58912) Although it is preferable to use, a conventional construction method can also be used.

As described above, the present invention can reproduce the forest vegetation structure and landscape having similar composition as the forest around the dam backside to the dam backside to perform a function as a biological movement path, and effectively recycle the resources discarded in the settlement site. This allows for early recording. Herbal and other tree seeds attached to the transplanted tree can be transplanted at the same time, and biodiversity is expected to be enhanced, and biological disturbance of species can be prevented by using native trees biologically, and forest trees of waters expected to be submerged when dam backing Excavation or shortages can be used to reserve and order pot graves before construction to reduce construction costs and effectively achieve greening goals.

Claims (6)

Securing species and topsoil (field soils) for reproducing natural vegetation structures at the watershed prospective area by the topographic map and plant design plan of the dam backside set by the topography, forest ecosystem, natural vegetation structure and soil survey around the dam backside, By laying the topsoil on the ground, creating natural topography, creating a growth-based environment, planting transplanted trees, pot trees, and stumps by the colony planting method, and utilizing plant resources and soil in areas that are expected to be submerged on the back of the dam. A dam rearing ecological recording method, which is configured to reproduce a natural vegetation structure and a natural landscape having a species composition similar to that of a surrounding forest, and perform a function of a biological movement pathway, a forest landscape, and a biodiversity restoration function. The process of investigating and analyzing the topsoil and trees that can be used in submerged areas, calculating the amount of topsoil and plant material for reproducing forest vegetation structure at the submerged areas, and extracting or harvesting the transplanted trees from the topsoil collection site. The process of collecting the topsoil, calculating the shortage of the transplanted tree, planning and importing the native seedlings, and selecting the temporary storage site for the topsoil, preventing and managing the topsoil, and installing the topsoil on the ground of the dam backing. Eco dam backing comprising the process of creating the topography and creating a growth-based environment, installing the topsoil preventive measures and holding trees, transplanting trees, pot trees, and stumps Greening technique. The method of claim 2, further comprising wood chipping the waste wood and the large tree stump in the area where the water is expected to fall, and laying the wood chip together while laying the topsoil. The topsoil collected from the topsoil utilization site of the flooded area according to the topographical map and the plant design plan of the dam backside set up similarly to the surrounding forests by surveying the topography, forest ecosystem, natural vegetation structure and soil around the dam backside To form an effective soil layer as a natural topography for the plant growth environment, cover the forest soils collected from the surrounding forests to form a forest soil layer, and cover the soil layer on the forest soil layer. A dam rear part eco-greening method characterized by forming a soil layer and planting trees collected in a water sink site. 5. The dam backing ecological method according to claim 4, wherein the place where the effective soil is to be covered and covered by more than 1m is filled with rubble collected from the water sink site in the earthwork planning ground to create an underground drainage environment. The method of claim 4, wherein the natural topography for the vegetative growth environment is formed by including the ridge, valleys, hills, flats.