JP3236210B2 - Vegetation determination method and planting method for slope greening - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation determination method and a planting method for revegetation on a slope, and more particularly, to restore a natural state on the slope in consideration of an ecosystem around the slope. The present invention relates to a vegetation determination method and a planting method for slope greening.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a work involving earthwork is performed in a mountainous area or the like, a cut surface and an embankment surface appear on a natural slope as much as possible. In this case, since the natural slope which has been relatively stable until now has been modified, it is expected that problems relating to stability, such as runoff of soil and slope failure, will occur. Conventionally, slope stabilization has been performed in places where such a slope has occurred. In addition, slope greening is often performed to protect the slope. In conventional slope revegetation, a thick base material is sprayed on the slope, sowing lawns on the thick base material surface, creating a shrub forest consisting of weasels, yamahagi, etc., and various types of grass and meadowgi. It was common to create a herbaceous community at the center.

[0003]

However, the above-described slope revegetation has the following problems. (1) When a herbaceous community is created The seeds to be sown are selected from those with strong vigor.
For this reason, the greening progresses rapidly at the beginning of construction, but the growing herbaceous community itself is far from the surrounding ecosystem and landscape. In addition, the natural vegetation transition on the slope is delayed because the indigenous plants hardly invade into the herbaceous communities overgrown on the thick base material spraying work. (2) When a shrub forest community is created When a deciduous shrub community consisting mainly of weasels and yamahagi is created, the amount of greenery in summer increases, so that the entire slope has a sense of volume and discomfort with the surrounding landscape Is less. Therefore, in consideration of the landscape, the creation of shrub forest communities mainly composed of Yamahagi is generally encouraged.
However, in a natural state, densely populated simple communities of Yamahagi and Itachihagi are usually not possible, and there is a concern that subsequent vegetation transition will stagnate. Therefore, it remains questionable whether a good natural state is formed on the slope.

[0004] By the way, when the slope that appears around the site becomes large-scale such as dam construction, the revegetation that is performed greatly affects the landscape near the dam embankment. In addition, since the slope is a prominent place for tourists, etc., it is expected that consideration of the environment and ecosystem in this slope will greatly affect the evaluation of the entire dam for environmental consideration. Therefore, in dam construction where large-scale slopes are expected to appear, in addition to solving the problems of the conventional slope revegetation described above, considering the future vegetation transition, a community similar to latent natural vegetation will be created. There are also plans to plant the constituent seedlings. However, this plan omits the natural adaptation process of vegetation transition over time, and does not consider the relationship with the natural environment around the slope. Therefore, it is desired to select vegetation capable of realizing greening that contributes to the restoration of natural conditions, with due consideration given to the existing environment around the emerged slope.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to consider a location similar to a slope environment from surrounding plant communities for greening a slope. It is to provide a vegetation determination method and a planting method.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to an area surrounding a cut slope where slope revegetation is planned.
Conducted phytosociological vegetation surveys at multiple survey points
And a plant community composition table created based on the survey results
Of communities established in locations where soil is thin and dry
And the target vegetation type for revegetation
And the species that make up this vegetation type
Tree species and other tree species using the plant community composition table
Discriminating and discriminating a plurality of identified tree species resistant to drying on the slope
Trees, sub-trees, shrubs, herbs in vegetation of revegetation
Tree species that make up each level of the hierarchical structure consisting of layers
The relationship between the hierarchy and tree species in the target vegetation type
It is characterized in that it is allocated and introduced based on the staff .

[0007] A plurality of tree species determined by this vegetation determination method
As a method for planting
And features.

[0008]

[0009]

[0010]

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a vegetation determining method and a planting method for slope greening according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a work flowchart showing a series of work procedures of a vegetation determination method and a planting method for slope greening according to the present invention. Hereinafter, description will be made based on this flowchart. First, the process of determining the introduced vegetation will be described. The biggest feature of this process is that it selects the tree species to be planted from among the tree species that make up the vegetation type that is established in a "dry and thin soil location." On slopes where soft rocks, etc. are exposed due to cuts, a vegetation base is created by spraying a thick base material of a predetermined thickness as a slope greening work, but this vegetation base is extremely thin and has a slope of slope. Due to the steepness, sufficient water retention capacity cannot be obtained and tend to dry. For this reason, in order to establish vegetation similar to existing vegetation on the slope in the future, vegetation that is established in “dry and thin soiled locations” among various vegetation distributed in the surrounding nature The point is to set the type as its target vegetation.

In order to grasp the target vegetation,
First, the surrounding vegetation is surveyed, the results are arranged, and the vegetation types that are established in such locations are extracted to clarify what kind of plants are composed. Furthermore, tree species are narrowed down, and a method is used to select a tree species to be used for planting from the finally remaining tree species that are considered to be resistant to drying. At this time, the tree species used for vegetation are only a part of the tree species that make up the actual vegetation type. It is expected that they will gradually approach the actual vegetation type by invading naturally later.

Hereinafter, the process and specific contents of the survey result will be described based on an example of an actually performed vegetation decision operation. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a part of a vegetation map created based on an aerial photograph taken around a site where a slope greening is planned. The above-mentioned `` locations with dry and thin soil '' are mainly distributed in mountain ridges and rocky outcrops in this area, and such ridges are mainly associated with pine forests dominated by red pine and northern pine. You can see that it has become. Therefore, mainly for pine forests, 10
It was decided to carry out a vegetation survey of the number of points. Table 1 shows a plant community composition table of emerging species created based on the vegetation survey results.
The vegetation survey was conducted using the phytosociological vegetation survey method widely applied in the field of vegetation research.

[0014]

[Table 1]

[0015] In this plant community composition table, the survey points are shown on the horizontal axis,
The vertical axis represents the plant species name, and the numbers and symbols surrounded by the frames in the table represent the coverage (index indicating the amount) of each plant at each survey point. Note that this plant community composition table rearranges the data matrix in consideration of species with similar appearance tendencies and survey points with similar species composition to be close to each other, and optimizes the data. It is shown. In addition, the vegetation types tend to be dry on the left side of the table and the vegetation types tend to be wet on the right side. this
From the plant community composition table, the species group at the top of the table (the part surrounded by the frame) is located in a dry location, that is, "a kind resistant to drying"
A seed group characterizing that this is, situated species group are arranged solidified is numeric severity on the right such TekiJun and excessive moisture under it, i.e. at the species group characterizing the "less intense kinds drying" It can be inferred that there is. Those that grew even in this humid location were discriminated such as erasing them, considering them as "not so strong in drying" . Like this
Tree species that are resistant to drought and can be adapted to the environment of the cut slope in the area are identified as tree species , sub-tree species,
Table 2 shows the tree layers and herbaceous layers, each having a hierarchy .

[0016]

[Table 2]

Further, among the applicable tree species shown in Table 2, the tree species finally used for planting is selected in consideration of the scale of the slope and the production status of the seedlings that can be carried to the site. In addition,
Mulching will be planned so that weeds will not grow until the introduced tree species grows. The material used for this mulching may be artificial, nadesico,
Herbs such as clovers may be sown by a thick-layer base material sprayer.

Next, a planting process for planting the introduced vegetation planned on the above process on the slope will be described. First, a wire net (lath net) or the like is attached to the inside of the law frame constructed on the slope. Depending on the work procedure, a legal frame may be constructed in a portion to which a wire mesh or the like is attached in advance. Next, a vegetation base material is sprayed on a wire net or the like to form a base. Trees and saplings of vine plants are placed on top of them, and fixed on the slope with props or the like. Further, a second spraying is performed to cover the root pot of the seedlings with the base material and spray to a predetermined thickness. Use sufficient soil (substrate) for sufficient growth of the introduced seedlings. In the present embodiment, the seedlings are reliably introduced by blowing the vegetation base material on the horizontal beams of the legal frame. The vegetation base material is not mainly composed of organic matter containing a large amount of fertilizer, and it is preferable to use a sandy thick layer base material spraying method with a small amount of fertilizer so that the natural tree species to be introduced grows appropriately. It is also preferable to mix short fibers in order to improve the erosion resistance of this sandy thick layer base material spraying work.
In addition, lay a mat for preventing suction under the legal framework,
It is also preferable to prevent rainwater or the like from collecting on the bottom of the base material.

Next, the Takagi, sub-Takagi,
Seedlings are selected for each shrub, taking into account the production status and other factors. By introducing various tree species, the whole slope vegetation will form a hierarchical structure at the seedling stage. At this time, it is preferable to select as many tree species as possible so that each hierarchy does not include only one tree species. The planting density is preferably such that adjacent seedlings do not shade each other and that native plants can invade from the periphery. In the present embodiment, as one example, the number is set to about 1 / m ² . It is important to make a planting plan in consideration of the nursery period until the seedlings can be supplied. Also,
If there is a possibility of snowfall before the roots of the seedlings have been planted and the roots are not fully established, it is also preferable to fix the seedlings with supporting columns or the like.

Introduced seedlings are in principle containers (pots)
Using seedlings, in order to ensure survival after planting,
At the time of shipment, a skilled worker cuts the leaves and leaves in the field and ships them back in a container seedling state. Further, for the time being, until the introduced seedlings grow as trees, erosion prevention on the soil surface is dealt with by sowing a herbaceous plant, such as dianthus and clover, with a thick-layer base material spraying method. Since these herbs are short, they do not hinder the growth of trees, and when the trees grow sufficiently, they are expected to be shaded by the trees and to die or die. For this reason, natural vegetation can enter the forest floor from the surroundings. At the same time, it is also preferable to cover the legal framework early for the purpose of landscape measures. As an example of a vine plant that covers the stake, vines are planted at a density of about 1 / m with respect to the extension of the stake.

FIGS. 3 to 6 show two examples in which the shape and thickness of the thick base material 12 sprayed on the horizontal beam 11 of the spraying method frame 10 having a side length of 2 m and a beam thickness of about 30 cm are different. It is shown. From the figures of the expected vegetation state at the beginning of construction (Figs. 3 and 5) and 10 years later (Figs. 4 and 6), during the 10 years after planting, trees 20 such as Japanese red pine, Ryobu, etc. It is expected that 21 grows to a certain tree height and invasive vegetation 22 grows from the surroundings on the forest floor, and a hierarchical structure similar to the surrounding vegetation environment is formed as a whole. FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic explanatory views showing examples in which the introduced vegetation of the present invention is planted in a large-scale cast-in-place frame 15 having a side of 3 m and a beam thickness of about 75 cm, and a predicted vegetation state 10 years later. . In this way, by changing the spraying shape and planting arrangement of the thick base material according to the difference in the shape and size of the legal frame, the usage of the thick base material can be reduced, and the appearance of the seedlings at the beginning of planting can also be reduced. We can secure enough. In addition, it is expected that a large legal framework will be covered by the growth of the nuts 23 within a few years.

In the above description, the vegetation determination method and the planting method for slope greening of the slope that has appeared due to the cut have been described. However, the embankment that may appear similarly to the cut slope has been described. It goes without saying that the above-described vegetation determination process can be applied to a slope, and that surrounding vegetation similar to the expected ground state on the embankment slope can be extracted.

[0023]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to restore a vegetation environment suitable for a natural ecosystem in the future in consideration of the environment around the slope that has appeared. It works.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a work flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a vegetation determination method and a planting method for slope greening according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a vegetation map created in a vegetation determination process for slope greening according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment in which an introduced tree species selected by the vegetation determination method of the present invention is planted in a spraying method frame (at the beginning of construction).

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing a vegetation state 10 years after the introduced vegetation shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing another aspect of the embodiment in which the introduced tree species selected by the vegetation determination method of the present invention is planted in a spraying method frame (at the beginning of construction).

FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view showing a vegetation state 10 years after the introduced vegetation shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing another embodiment in which the introduced tree species selected by the vegetation determination method of the present invention is planted in a large-scale cast-in-place method (at the beginning of construction).

FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing a vegetation state 10 years after the introduced vegetation shown in FIG. 7;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Spraying method frame 11 Horizontal beam 12 Thick layer base material 15 Cast-in-place method frame 20 Takagi 21 Sub-takagi 22 Invasive vegetation

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Seta 2 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Tobishima Construction Co., Ltd. (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 7/00 A01G 1/00 E02D 17/20

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. The area around the cut slope where the slope greening is planned
Conducted phytosociological vegetation surveys at multiple survey points
And a plant community composition table created based on the survey results
Of communities established in locations where soil is thin and dry
And the target vegetation type for revegetation
And the species that make up this vegetation type
Tree species and other tree species using the plant community composition table
Discriminating and discriminating a plurality of identified tree species resistant to drying on the slope
Trees, sub-trees, shrubs, herbs in vegetation of revegetation
Tree species that make up each level of the hierarchical structure consisting of layers
The relationship between the hierarchy and tree species in the target vegetation type
A vegetation determination method characterized in that the vegetation is allocated and introduced based on a staff member . 2. A planting method for slope greening, wherein a plurality of tree species determined in claim 1 are planted on a thick base material spraying work.