JP6875674B2 - Green space construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a green space construction method. In particular, it relates to a construction method for constructing a community ring as a whole area by comprehensively grasping the construction site and its surrounding environment.

The green rate in Tokyo is about 20% in the 23 wards, about 67% in the Tama area, and about 50% in the entire city, and has been almost flat for the past few years. However, looking at the breakdown, we can see that forests, wilderness, and grasslands are decreasing, and parks and green areas are increasing, and although there is little quantitative change in greenery, qualitative changes are occurring (). Non-Patent Document 1 “Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental White Paper 2015”). Parks and green spaces in cities are focused on making them look beautiful, and various ideas have been proposed to create landscapes.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to a landscape design system capable of simulating changes in several years after planting and seasonal changes and planning a planting arrangement in consideration of workability and ease of management.

In order to protect the natural environment and maintain a rich ecosystem, increasing urban parks and green spaces need to play a role in ensuring plant species diversity in place of declining forests and wilderness. However, urban green spaces are dotted with public natural parks, city parks, etc., and the exterior green spaces of buildings, etc., and the vegetation of each green space is managed according to their respective policies, and mutual relationships are established. Not. In recent years, greening has been done based on the policy of making green spaces as continuous as possible based on the idea of an ecosystem network, but focusing only on physical and distance continuity, only the site and its adjacent land are considered. No, "continuity of green quality", that is, the relationship between distant green spaces, has not been examined.

Here, plant species diversity is like a crisis management system for changes in the environment. In the natural world, it has been observed that when climax forests are damaged by floods or wildfires, the plant communities in the early or middle stages of vegetation succession "cure" the collapse. When the climax forest is damaged and becomes bare land, conditions such as sunshine conditions, temperature, and humidity change significantly, so plant species adapted to the environment at that time invade from the surroundings and follow the process of vegetation succession. The climax forest is restored. In other words, in the natural world, after the climax plant community that is originally in the land is devastated, it appears in order in the process of transitioning to the climax community again, "annual herbaceous plant community", "perennial herbaceous plant community", "vine / shrub community". , "Pioneer sub-tree forest", "Climax forest", a "community ring" formed by a series of temporal plant communities exists in the surrounding environment, and the vegetation is stable while self-repairing. The climax forest has a variety of plant species that can be regenerated. FIG. 1 shows an image of the canopy ring.

On the other hand, in the case of artificially created urban green space, it cannot heal itself if it is damaged by pests or logging. This is because the community ring that has the function of "curing the collapse" has not been constructed in the urban green space. In order to reproduce the urban green space damaged by pests, it is necessary to plant new plants. For planting plants in the urban green space after construction, the surrounding area is built with buildings, and it is necessary to bring in heavy machinery, bring in plants, safety management of the surrounding residents, traffic control, etc., which is troublesome and costly.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 04-145580

"Tokyo Environmental White Paper 2015" October 2015

An object of the present invention is to form a green space having self-healing power and rich in biodiversity by constructing a community ring suitable for the natural environment of the artificial green space.

1. 1. Investigate the climax plant community at the construction site,
Under the environment of the construction site, the community ring including the climax plant community was determined.
Create a list of plants that make up multiple plant communities included in the community ring.
A green space construction method characterized by planting a plant species selected from the plant list to construct the community ring.
2. 1. The plant species selected from the above plant list are planted in the green space around the construction site. The green space construction method described in.
3. 3. 1. The plant species to be planted is a plant species complementary to the plant species inhabiting the green space around the planting site. Or 2. The green space construction method described in.
4. 1. At least one of the plant species to be planted is acclimatized and raised, and is planted together with the soil used for raising seedlings. ~ 3. The green space construction method described in either.
5. 4. The soil is the soil collected from the construction site. The green space construction method described in.

The green space constructed by the green space construction method of the present invention constructs a community ring at the site or within a wide range including the surrounding environment. Each plant community included in the community ring adapts to the natural environment of the land, and even if the green area is damaged for some reason, the vegetation succession progresses as the plant communities supply seeds to each other. Recovery, that is, self-healing. Since the damaged green space recovers naturally over time, it is not necessary to replant the damaged green space, and the maintenance cost of the green space can be reduced. The green space construction method of the present invention can construct a community ring not only at the construction site but also in a wide range including the surrounding area, so that the diversity of plants can be enriched as a whole area, and further, plants can be enriched. Not only that, it contributes to the abundance of biodiversity including amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, fungi, etc.
A large area is required to reproduce the climax forest and the pioneering sub-tree forest, but even in a small green area, by constructing an annual herbaceous plant community, a perennial herb plant community, and a vine / shrub community. , Can contribute to the construction of a wider community ring and play a role in enriching the ecosystem.

Image of community ring Example of map around the construction site Diagram showing an example of a community ring in the environment of a construction site

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a green space for artificially constructing a community ring. In particular, by investigating and determining the plant communities that exist in the green area around the construction site from among the plant species that make up each plant community, and introducing the necessary plant species in that area based on that, the community at the construction site. The present invention relates to a method of constructing an organically bonded green area, which comprises reproducing each plant community contained in the ring and constructing a community ring at the construction site or a surrounding green area isolated from the construction site.

In order to construct a green space, it is important to match the environmental conditions of the construction site with the growth conditions of the plants to be planted. Therefore, the climax plant community at the construction site is determined.
The climax plant communities that form potential climax forests in each region of Japan are published as potential natural vegetation maps by the Japanese Vegetation Magazine. However, this data is large in scale and rough, and locally, due to the inorganic environment such as topography, wind, soil moisture, and geology, other vegetation that is not publicly announced potential natural vegetation. There are many places where is suitable. Therefore, for the climax plant community at the construction site, we actually investigate the plant community observed at the construction site and its surroundings, and from the distribution of existing natural vegetation and compensatory vegetation, topography, geology, soil, land use pattern, etc. Make a comprehensive judgment to determine the current potential natural vegetation of the area.

If, for some reason, the vegetation in a certain area is destroyed and the soil remains intact and is not affected by humans at all, the perennial herbaceous plant community first invades, and the perennial herbaceous plant community, vine / shrub community, and pioneering. The superiority and inferiority of the plant species changes in order from the sub-perennial forest to the climax forest. Such a temporal transition series of a plant community is called a community ring.

In the community ring, there is a progressive succession that transitions from a herbaceous community to a forest community, a backward succession that is a transition in the opposite direction such as a transition from a climax forest to a grassland, and a charcoal forest or a field weed community. Includes biased transitions that are established by human influence.
In the green land construction method of the present invention, a community ring including a climax plant community at a construction site is determined, a plant list constituting each plant community included in this community ring is created, and the plants to be planted from this plant list. It is characterized by selecting the species.

The image of the green space to be constructed is planned, the succession process community (community) of the community ring is determined, and based on this image, the plant species to be planted is determined from the created plant list. When planning a green space image, not only the basic seasonal changes, but also the environmental conditions of sunshine and wind due to the influence of surrounding buildings, etc. should be grasped, and aesthetics, manageability, etc. should be taken into consideration when planting. Perform while being aware of changes over time due to growth after planting. For example, various green areas such as natural forests, satoyama, and thickets can be created depending on the density of trees, the diversity of diameters, the diversity of tree species, and the density of leaves.

By selecting an appropriate plant species from the plant list and planting it, the plant community that forms the canopy ring is reproduced and the canopy ring is constructed. At this time, it is preferable to plant in consideration of the characteristics of each tree species such as evergreen trees and deciduous trees. Evergreens are highly aesthetic because their green leaves are always maintained throughout the four seasons, and deciduous trees can give a sense of the seasons due to the fall foliage and deciduous leaves. Further, in the herbaceous layer, it is preferable to preferentially plant a plant species that characterizes the reproducible plant community from among herbaceous plants including mosses, ferns, and sasa and shrubs. Further, a plant that blooms and a plant that bears fruit are suitable because they have high aesthetics and can feel the change of seasons. In particular, shrubs are easily noticeable, and the landscape can be changed by the color and shape of flowers, fruits, leaves, and the like.

The community ring can be constructed by dividing the green space at the construction site into a plurality of areas and assigning different plant communities to each, but it is preferable to construct the community ring in a wide range including the surrounding green space. When constructing a community ring comprehensively between the construction site and the surrounding green space, it is preferable that the plant species planted at the construction site are complementary species to the plant species inhabiting the surrounding green space. That is, it is preferable to plant a plant species that does not inhabit the surrounding green space or has a small number of individuals, rather than a plant species that inhabits the surrounding green space. Further, it is preferable to plant appropriately selected plant species not only at the construction site but also in the surrounding green areas if the permission of the landowner and the manager of the surrounding green areas can be obtained.

The plant species to be planted are selected based on the frequency of appearance in the community, market availability, ease of cultivation, species that characterize the community, aesthetics, and the like. Even if the plant species are not distributed on the market, they can be carried out from the natural environment such as forests and mountains and planted as long as they are easy to cultivate. In addition, herbs are planted in places where it is difficult for people to invade by creating undulations at the construction site so that they are not affected by treading, etc. Plant in consideration of whether it interferes with objects.

By constructing the green space by the construction method of the present invention, it is possible to reproduce the plant communities located in the transition process different in time at the construction site or the construction site and the surrounding green space by arranging them in the adjacent space. A community ring is constructed within a certain range, and seeds are supplied to each other by the action of wind, birds, etc. between each plant community, so that the self-healing power of the green space can be enhanced. In addition, because there are various stages of plant communities, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, fungi, etc. that prefer each plant community gather, creating abundant biodiversity that is impossible in a single green area. You can artificially create a prepared environment. As time goes by, the green space constructed by the present invention and the surrounding green space become stronger and thicker in organic connection, and can form a mutually complementary network to exert a strong self-repairing function.

<Habituation training>
In the green space construction method for constructing a community ring of the present invention, even if an individual plant dies, it naturally regenerates over time without being newly planted, but it takes 10 years to regenerate a tall tree. .. Immediately after planting, the plants tend to die due to the stress of environmental changes, and when the dead trees are removed, gaps are created in the green space and the appearance deteriorates. Therefore, replanting may be performed after the individual plant has died. However, in the construction to reproduce green areas such as natural forests in urban areas, buildings are built around the area, and many people are active in the proximity of buildings to plant tall trees that require large heavy machinery. It is difficult to do between the buildings.
In the present invention, prior to the construction of the green space, a simulated environment imitating the construction site is created in another place, and in this simulated environment, the plant species to be planted for several years before the construction are acclimatized and cultivated, and the planted plants are established. It is preferable to increase the certainty.

The simulated environment shall reproduce the environment of the construction site under environmental conditions such as soil, sunshine, and temperature. It is preferable to transport the soil removed during construction at the construction site to a simulated environment and use this soil for acclimatization and cultivation.
It is desirable that the scale of the simulated environment is the same as that of the planned site, but it is also possible to create only the planned site where it is difficult to reintroduce the green space.

It is preferable that the plants that have been acclimatized and cultivated in the simulated environment should be planted including the soil that has been cultivated. The roots of plants build a complex soil ecosystem that has a symbiotic relationship with soil microorganisms such as fungi. By planting this soil ecosystem as it is, stress after planting is reduced and the risk of plant death is reduced. Can be reduced to increase the certainty of settlement after planting. Furthermore, if the soil to be planted is the soil carried out from the construction site, the fungi in the soil are species that originally inhabited the environment of the construction site, so that the activity of microorganisms does not easily decrease after planting. In addition, it is possible to prevent the destruction of the soil ecosystem from a microscopic point of view.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by taking as an example an exterior planting plan in a new building construction project in Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo.
FIG. 2 shows a map of the area around the construction site. In FIG. 2, A is the planned site. There are six main green spaces, B to G, that exist within a radius of 2 km centered on A. Green space B is a medium-sized park, green spaces C and D are small-scale city parks, and green spaces E and F are The outer green space of the neighboring building, green space G, is the garden of the temple.

"Decision of community ring"
According to the potential natural vegetation map of "Japan Vegetation Magazine 7 Kanto", the potential natural vegetation, which is a potential climax plant community in Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, is the Yabukouji-Sudajii community. In addition, as a result of a field survey, multiple large trees of Castanopsis sieboldii were confirmed around the planned site, and a fragmentary Yabukouji-Sudajii community was confirmed. The Yabukouji-Sudajii community is a natural forest of evergreen broad-leaved trees dominated by Sudajii, and prefers arid locations on hills and mountain slopes.

FIG. 3 shows a community ring in which the climax plant community consists of the Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community. In the community ring shown in Fig. 3, the climax forest is the Yabukouji-Sudajii community, and in the order of vegetation succession, the annual herb = Benibanaborogiku-Dandoborogiku community, the perennial herb = Todashibasuki community, the vine-shrub = Senninsou community, and the pioneering positive forest = It includes the Kusa strawberry-Taranoki community, the sub-perennial forest = Mizoshida-Mizuki community, and the climax forest = Yabukouji-Sudajii community in this order.
Table 1 shows a list of plants constituting each plant community included in this community ring.

"Field survey"
Next, we will conduct a field survey of vegetation in the planned site and surrounding green areas. Table 2 shows the plant species existing in the surrounding green spaces B to G among the plant species shown in Table 1.

The surrounding green spaces B to G can be classified into any of the plant communities constituting the community ring from the existing plant species. Green space B is a vegetation similar to the Ardisia japonica-Sudajii community lacking the herbaceous layer, and has trees, sub-trees, and shrubs, but the number of species is small. Green space D has exactly the same vegetation as green space B. Green space C is the Cornus controversa community, green space E is the Gynura crepidioides-Dandoborogiku community and Rubus hirsutus-Aralia elata community, green space F is the Rubus hirsutus-Aralia elata community, and green space G is the Arundinella hirta community.

From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that among the plant communities included in the community ring that makes the Yabukouji-Sudajii community a climax plant community, the Clematis community does not exist in the surrounding green areas B to G. In addition, although the plant species that make up the Ardisia japonica-Sudajii community inhabit the green areas B and D, there is not enough plant diversity to say that it is a community. For other communities, many of the constituent species inhabit.

"Green space planning"
A green space plan is planned so as to reproduce the plant community forming a community ring including the Yabukouji-Sudajii community by seven adjacent green spaces A to G including the planned site. By reproducing the completely missing Clematis community among the plant communities contained in the community ring and reinforcing the Yabukouji-Sudajii community, it is possible to construct a community ring suitable for the environment of the construction site.

Make a green space plan according to this policy. At the planned site A, the builder can freely decide the plant species to be planted. Therefore, it is preferable to reproduce the Clematis community that is missing in the surrounding environment at the planned site A. Since the Clematis community is a vine-shrub, shrubs such as multiflora rose and bridal wreath are planted. Furthermore, the wall surface will be greened at the planned site A, a cultivation environment suitable for vines will be reproduced, and vines such as Vitis ficifolia and Clematis will be planted.
The Yabukouji-Sudajii community will be reproduced in green areas B and D where the plant species that already make up the Yabukouji-Sudajii community inhabit. However, since green spaces B and D are parks, it is necessary to obtain permission from the owner, manager, etc. If it is not possible to reinforce the Yabukouji-Sudajii community in the green areas B and D, the Yabukouji-Sudajii community will be reproduced in a part of the planned site A while considering the construction area. When reproducing the Yabukouji-Sudajii community in the planned site A, it is preferable to plant the plants acclimatized and grown in the soil collected from the planned site A together with the soil in a simulated environment simulating the construction site in advance.

As for the other communities, there is no problem as it is because the green areas C, E, F, and G are inhabited by plant species that can be regarded as communities. However, explain to each owner and manager that the green space plan of planned site A is a green space plan that builds a community ring in a wide area including the surrounding area, and enriches the ecosystem of the entire area. Therefore, it is preferable to ask them to continue the maintenance and management of the green space as it is.

"Selection of planting species"
Based on the above plan, the plant species to be introduced will be selected from the Yabukouji-Sudajii community and the Clematis community. In this plan, the Clematis community will be reproduced in the planned site A, and the Yabukouji-Sudajii community will be reinforced in the green areas B and D. Among the plant species that make up the community, the plant species to be planted include the frequency of appearance in the community, the dominant species of the community, the species that frequently appear as the skeleton of the community, and the seeds that easily come from the surrounding area. The selection is made in consideration of the hierarchical structure of the forest, the dominant species, and the frequency of appearance in order to exert the function as a community based on the species that are not present, market availability, ease of cultivation, aesthetics, etc. Table 3 shows the plant species to be selected.

Green spaces B and D reinforce the Yabukouji-Sudajii community by planting new plant species in the current green space. The green areas B and D have a sufficient area, and all the shortage plant species are commercially available on the market, and all the shortage plant species can be planted. Ardisia japonica, Quercus glauca, Sub-tree / shrub Kacremino, Shirodamo, Mokkoku, Yabunikei, and herbaceous Kabudachijanohige, Kizuta, Teikakazura, Yabukouji, Benishida, Yamaitachi Plant all Ardisia japonica and Shunlan.

Since the planned site A can create a new green area, it will be all of the species that are the plant species that make up the Clematis community. Subtree / shrub Neubara, Bridal wreath, Nawashiro strawberry, Herbaceous shrimp, Clematis, Ampelopsis gland, Plant water lilies, hex mosquitoes, blue-green algae, yamanoimo, tokoro, yomogi, pampas grass, clematis, kudzu, and yaemgra. Although the waste is introduced as a seed for wall greening in this project, it is preferable not to plant it in the case of normal planting instead of the wall surface because it may put pressure on other plants. In addition, seeds that are disliked by humans, such as seeds with thorns and seeds to which seeds adhere to clothing, are preferably not planted or planted in places that are inaccessible to humans.

"Construction of community ring"
In accordance with this policy, the plant species that make up the Clematis community will be planted in the planned site A, and the plant species that will reinforce the Yabukouji-Sudajii community will be planted in the green areas B and D. At this time, as the plant to be planted in the planned site A, it is preferable to plant a plant that has been acclimatized and cultivated in a simulated environment in the soil of the planned site A in order to prevent death after planting. In particular, it is preferable to acclimatize and grow sub-trees / shrubs, which are difficult to replant when they die after planting. Table 4 shows the plant species that inhabit the green spaces A to G after planting. The plant species shown in bold in Table 4 are the species that originally inhabited, and the plant species shown in the hatched frame are the species that are newly planted.

As shown in Table 4, by the green space construction method of the present invention, each plant community included in the community ring suitable for the construction site is reproduced within the range including the planned site A and the surrounding green spaces B to G, and the community ring is reproduced. Can be built. By reproducing and arranging the plant communities contained in the community ring on the adjacent green space, the adjacent green spaces are organically linked to each other, so that the self-healing power of the green space is high and the maintenance cost of the green space can be reduced. .. In addition, by constructing a community ring not only at the construction site but also within a wide area, the diversity of plants will be enriched as a whole area, and biodiversity including amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, fungi, etc. will be enhanced. Can be enriched.

Claims (5)

Investigate the climax plant community at the construction site,
Under the environment of the construction site, the community ring including the climax plant community was determined.
Create a plant list that constitutes a plurality of plant communities included in the community ring, and create a list of plants.
Determine which succession process community of the community ring is to be reproduced, and based on this image, from the plant list , the species that characterizes the frequency of appearance in the community, market availability, ease of cultivation, and community. A green space construction method characterized in that a plant species selected based on one or more of aesthetics is planted to construct the community ring. The green space construction method according to claim 1, wherein a plant species selected from the plant list is planted in the green space around the construction site. The green space construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant species to be planted is a plant species complementary to the plant species inhabiting the green space around the planting site. The green space construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the plant species to be planted is acclimatized and raised together with the soil used for raising the seedlings. The green space construction method according to claim 4, wherein the soil is soil collected from a construction site.

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