KR20030060385A - Nutrient additive for mushroom culture, method of preparing same and nutrient medium for mushroom culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided are a nutrient additive for the mushroom culture, a method of preparing the same and a nutrient medium for the mushroom culture. The additive includes cuttlefish bone powder or shell powder of crustaceas. CONSTITUTION: A nutrient additive for the mushroom culture is manufactured by heating cuttlefish bone or crustacea shell under the high pressure of 2-13kg/cm¬2 and pulverizing it. It further contains ceramic. The weight ratio of the cuttlefish bone powder or shell powder to the ceramic is 0.5-1:1-0.5. The nutrient additive is formulated into a granule or a pellet.

Description

NUTRIENT ADDITIVE FOR MUSHROOM CULTURE, METHOD OF PREPARING SAME AND NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR MUSHROOM CULTURE}

[Industrial use]

The present invention relates to a nutrient additive for cultivating mushrooms, a method for producing the same, and a nutrient medium for cultivating mushrooms. More particularly, the present invention relates to a nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation, a method for producing the same, and a nutrient for mushroom cultivation, which are easy to use and can economically increase mushroom yield. It is about a medium.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, the artificial cultivation process of mushrooms is a preliminary deposition, deposition, inverting, granulation, sterilization and post fermentation of a medium mixed with main ingredients such as rice straw, sawdust and waste noodles and auxiliary materials such as rice bran (bran), bran and soy bean curd. Afterwards, the medium is inoculated with mushroom bacteria, followed by cultivation of mycelia and germination induction to grow mushrooms (Document: Kwon Yong-il et al., "Box Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii using Lungs," Korea Resource Research, vol. 15 , 1996).

Mushrooms are the main crop of farm income, and according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (provided by the Agricultural Products Distribution Bureau), as of 2000, the area of oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, tops, ganoderma, other mushrooms, etc. It is about 120,000 tons per year. In particular, oyster mushrooms are the most cultivated in Korea and are the main products of cultivated mushrooms, which account for 45% of the total mushroom production in Korea.

However, artificial cultivation of mushrooms requires a lot of capital investment, it is difficult to fully acquire the cultivation technology, cost increases due to the occurrence of pathogens such as blue mold and browning disease caused by pollution, commercial distribution of defective seed species, and excessive consumption of raw materials. Due to the complexity of the work, there is a problem such as excessive labor. Due to these problems, it is difficult to grow mushrooms in farms without specialized knowledge, and the success rate of mushroom cultivation was not so high.

In order to solve this problem, much research has been conducted on supplementary supplements used when artificially growing mushrooms. The studies show how to improve the supplemental nutrition of mushrooms with controlled starch and crude protein ratios (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-299085) and radish mixed with 14 kinds of burning materials such as ganbanite, calcium, slaked lime and newspaper, and chaff. Method of using the germ culture medium (Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-55192), Method using the root roots (Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-001706), Method of using herbal powders such as brown root, licorice (Korean Patent Publication No. 1999-001163) , A method of grinding and using steel slag (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1995-39247), a method of using a water-soluble hemi cellulose (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1998-28468), a method of using a potato concentrate (Japanese Patent) Publication 1995-039247).

However, none of these methods completely solves the above-mentioned problems. In particular, these methods do not improve the failure rate of mushroom growers due to the uncertainty of mixing and excessive demand of manpower. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is still necessary to develop a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation that can be easily and safely used by anyone, reducing work.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation that can be used to produce mushrooms without anyone having any expertise.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation, which can increase the number of cultivated mushrooms, reduce work loss, and does not require excessive facilities, so that mushrooms can be grown economically.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above-mentioned nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation using the above-mentioned nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation comprising the powder of activated cuttlefish bone or shellfish shell.

The present invention also provides a method of producing a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation comprising the step of squid bone or crustacean shell heat treatment at a high pressure of 2 ~ 13kg / ㎠ and pulverizing the activated squid bone or shellfish shell to produce a powder to provide.

In addition, the present invention provides a nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation comprising a nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation comprising a base medium and powder of activated cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention is used in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, anyone can easily use the mushrooms without specialized knowledge to produce mushrooms, increase the number of cultivation of mushrooms, reduce work loss and do not need excessive facilities economically A nutritional additive that can be artificially grown.

In order to prepare the nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation of the present invention, first, the cuttlefish bone or shellfish shell is subjected to heat treatment at a high pressure of 2 to 13 kg / cm 2. When the pressure range is higher than 13 kg / cm 2, there is a risk of explosion of the container due to excessive pressure in the apparatus container used to give a high pressure. If the pressure range is lower than 2 kg / cm 2, protein decomposition does not occur, which is not preferable. The heat treatment temperature is changed depending on the pressure, but is carried out at a temperature of 200 to 800 ℃.

In general, cuttlefish bone or crustacean shells contain chitin, chitosan and calcium, protein and various minerals, but these shells have strong hardness and have problems in use. In order to use them, the cuttlefish bone or shellfish shell is subjected to a high pressure heat treatment to reduce the hardness of the shell, while removing organic substances such as proteins and activating calcium components such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. The chitin, chitosan, or calcium components contained in the activated cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell play an antibacterial effect and increase calcium content in mushrooms grown using the same. In addition, chitin contained in cuttlefish bone can be expected to act as a moisturizer due to its high moisture content.

In addition, since the cuttlefish bone or shellfish shell in the high-pressure heat treatment process is completely sterilized, when cultivating mushrooms using it, it is possible to prevent problems caused by pathogens.

The crustaceans usable in the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include crustaceans, such as crabs, shrimps and crayfish, which are generally commercially available.

Powder is prepared by grinding cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell obtained by high pressure heat treatment. The obtained powder is a powder having a particle diameter of 10 to 300 mesh. If the particle size of the powder is larger than 300 mesh, it is difficult to mix with other chemicals, and after mixing, it is difficult to form into pellets or granules, which is not preferable. In addition, the smaller the particle size is, the better, but it is impossible to produce 10 mesh or less.

The cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell powder obtained may be used as a nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation as it is, or may be used by mixing the powder and ceramic in a mixing ratio of 0.5 to 1: 1 to 0.5 by weight.

Examples of the ceramic include diatom earth, zeolite, bentonite, pearlite, chlorite, ganbanite, kaolin, feldspar, bonestone, scoria, black volcanic rock, and black clay. And the like. Among these, it is preferable to use the pine calcite and the black clay. The Song-seok is a kind of porous volcanic coal produced during volcanic eruption in Jeju, which has a very high silicate (SiO ₂ ) content of 71% and contains some iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg), and has a volume density of 0.9g / cm 3. It is a low and high porosity material. These pine nuts can be used as a moisture control agent and silicate mineral feed for fermentation of livestock, have good moisture absorption and easy to secure materials, and can produce high-quality fermented pig meal compost to replace sawdust for fermenting livestock. This material is used for livestock sewage treatment facilities.

The black clay has the highest amount of humic acid (Fumic acid) of 33%, and contains a lot of flubin.

Although the ceramic may be used as it is, it is preferable to use a ceramic activated by treatment with an acid because it can anticipate the effect of promoting biogrowth and cell activation due to antibacterial effect and far-infrared emission. As the acid, any strong electrolytic acid may be used, and representative examples thereof may include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and the like.

Alternatively, the powder may be molded into granular or pellet form. In order to form into granular or pellet form, the cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell powder, or a mixture of ceramics thereof is mixed with a natural sizing agent and the mixture is subjected to a granulation process using a granulator, Pellet molding process is performed with a pellet maker. The obtained granules have a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, and the pellets have a particle size of 0.5 to 10 mm. When the granular and pellet phases have the above range, when preparing the nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation, in the mixing process with waste cotton or the like, it is possible to prevent the side effects of the scattering of these powders, to facilitate the operation, and also to react with water to dissolve easy.

The natural gelling agent is a biodegradable natural gelling agent, flour, natural starch, α-starch, seaweed, glue, gelatin, casein, alginic acid, CMC (sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose) Etc. can be mentioned. Since the method of making such a hob is well known in the art, a description thereof will be omitted.

The nutrient additive for mushroom cultivation prepared in this way and the medium used for the conventional mushroom cultivation medium may be mixed into a basic medium to prepare the nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention.

As the basic medium, any medium that is conventionally widely used may be used, and for example, a mixture of main materials such as rice straw, sawdust, waste noodles, and auxiliary materials such as rice bran (bran), bran, and bean curd may be used.

The amount of the nutritional additive used is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight of the base medium weight. When the amount of the nutrient additive is less than 0.5% by weight, the antimicrobial effect is lowered, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, it is not preferable because various harmful microorganisms may breed due to the nutrient excess.

The nutritional additives of the present invention can be used for fungal cultivation, box cultivation, bag cultivation or compressed medium production, and can be applied to all mushrooms capable of artificial cultivation such as oyster mushroom, mushroom mushroom, shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, ganoderma lucidum mushroom or situation mushroom. Can be.

In order to supplement the description of the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Examples 1 to 4) Preparation of Nutritional Additives

Commercially available pine oysters were purchased and ground to an average particle diameter of 300 mesh using a ball mill. Similarly, cuttlefish bones and crab shells were also purchased in the market and placed in a casting container capable of sealing and measuring pressure, heat treated at a high pressure of 8 kg / ㎠, cooled, and then ground to a size of 300 mesh. .

The crushed pine stone, cuttlefish bone or crab shell powder and activated carbon were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare a nutritional additive.

division Activated carbon (% by weight) Song-seok Song (wt%) Activated cuttlefish bone (% by weight) Activated crab shell (wt%) Example 1 50 25 25 - Example 2 50 25 - 25 Example 3 50 30 20 - Example 4 50 30 20

(Examples 5 to 12) Cultivation of Mushrooms

100 kg of waste cotton, 5 kg of rice bran and the nutritional additives prepared in Examples 1 to 4 were mixed to prepare a nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation. At this time, the addition amount of the nutrient additive was carried out while changing as shown in Table 2 based on the waste cotton weight.

Unit (% by weight) division Additive of Example 1 Additive of Example 1 Additive of Example 2 Additive of Example 2 Additive of Example 3 Additive of Example 3 Additive of Example 4 Additive of Example 4 Example 5 One - - - - - - - Example 6 - 2 - - - - - - Example 7 - - One - - - - - Example 8 - - - 2 - - - - Example 9 - - - - One - - - Example 10 - - - - - 2 - - Example 11 - - - - - - One - Example 12 - - - - - - - 2 Comparative example - - - - - - - -

Using the nutrient medium prepared by the method of Examples 5 to 12, box mushrooms were cultivated by the following method of cultivation of Pleurotus spp.

100 kg of waste cotton was injected into the cotton wool and sprinkled with water to sprinkle the cotton wool and stepped on it to relieve the moisture so that the cotton was sufficiently absorbed. Subsequently, the sedimentary waste cotton was sprinkled with water, and the sedimentation was carried out so that the final moisture content was about 70%.

When the temperature inside the upper end of the waste cotton which carried out main deposition heat | fever above 60 degreeC, the flipping operation was performed. After completion of the flipping operation, it was left for 1-2 days, and when it was heated, a granulation operation was performed to shake off the released medium with a machine to discharge internal harmful gas and contact oxygen in the air.

After the granulated work was subjected to atmospheric sterilization at 60 ° C. for 6 hours, post-fermentation was carried out in a room temperature of 37 ° C. for 3 days.

1 kg per round box mushroom was inoculated into the post-fermented lung cotton, and then cultured for 4 days in a culture room having a temperature of 20 to 28 ° C. and a humidity of 70% to obtain mycelia. The obtained mycelia were grown in a growth chamber having a temperature of 20 to 28 ° C. and a humidity of 70% to grow mushrooms.

Three replicates were performed for statistical treatment and the average was taken as data.

At this time, an improved mushroom cultivation box (Korean Utility Model Registration No. 20-195343) was used as the cultivation box. The form of mycelial growth in the culture chamber and mushroom production within 30 days after the cultivation in the culture room were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

(Comparative Example 1)

The oyster mushroom was grown in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the nutritional additive of Example 1 was not used.

Estimation of Pleurotus cultivation Days and Production of 30 Days after Cultivation division Days of incubation Production [kg] (within 30 days after planting in cultivation room) 5 7 14 21 28 35 Results of Example 5 One 2 3 4 5 6 2.0 Results of Example 6 One 3 4 5 6 7 2.4 Results of Example 7 One 2 3 4 5 6 2.0 Results of Example 8 One 3 4 5 6 7 2.3 Results of Example 9 One 2 3 4 5 6 2.1 Results of Example 10 One 3 4 5 6 7 2.5 Results of Example 11 One 2 3 4 5 6 2.3 Results of Example 12 One 3 4 5 6 7 2.2 Comparative Example 1 One 2 3 4 5 6 1.1

In Table 3 above,

1: elongation of mycelia at the center depression

2: spreading mycelia at the top of the medium

3: spreading mycelia at the bottom of the medium

4: spread mycelia on the front of the medium

5: coloring of mycelium

6: browning of mycelium

7: forming a decorative part

When comparing the growth of the hyphae in the comparative examples cultivated by the conventional method and the examples 5 to 12 to which the nutrient additive of the present invention is added from the results of Table 3, only about 1% by weight of the nutrient additive of the present invention is used with respect to the dry media. Even if the infestation period of the hyphae did not show a significant difference in the culture room (Examples 5, 7. 9 and 11), the yield of the mushroom showed a large difference from 80% to 127% in comparison with the comparative example. In particular, 2% by weight of the nutritional additives were maintained in a healthy state while the mycelium spread in full 14 days.

In addition, the effect of activation-cuttlefish bone and activation-crab shell did not show a big difference, so it can be seen that both nutrient additives can be used in mushroom cultivation.

In particular, mushrooms grown using the nutritional additives of the present invention had a very high intrinsic aroma compared with the comparative example.

Mushroom nutritional additives according to the present invention can be used in powder, pellets or granules, so that anyone can use it easily without specialized knowledge, and can eliminate the worry caused by incorrect mixing, and also increase the yield of mushrooms and reduce manpower. It is possible to reduce the production cost due to provide a way to produce mushrooms with confidence and economically.

In addition, the nutritional additives of the present invention can be used for fungal cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation or compressed medium production and can be applied to all artificial cultivation mushrooms such as oyster mushroom, mushroom mushroom, shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, ganoderma lucidum mushroom or situation mushroom. Can be.

Claims (9)

A nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation comprising powder of activated cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell. The method of claim 1, wherein the activated cuttlefish or crustacean shell powder is activated by heat treatment of cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell at a high pressure of 2 to 13 kg / cm 2; Grinding the activated crustacean shell Nutritional additives for mushroom cultivation that are prepared by the process. The nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation further comprises a ceramic. The nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the powder of the cuttlefish bone or the shellfish shell and the ceramic is in a weight ratio of 0.5 to 1: 1. Squid bone or crustacean shell is activated by heat treatment at a high pressure of 2 to 13 kg / cm 2; To prepare a powder by grinding the activated cuttlefish bone or shellfish shell Process for producing a nutritional additive for mushroom cultivation comprising a step. 6. The production method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of molding the powder into granules or pellets. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of mixing the cuttlefish bone or crustacean shell powder and the ceramic in a weight ratio of 0.5 to 1: 1 to 0.5. Basal badge; And Nutritional additives for mushroom cultivation, including powder of activated cuttlefish or crustacean shell Mushroom cultivation nutrition medium comprising a. The nutrient medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the nutrient additive is 0.5 to 10% by weight of the base medium.