KR20030040521A - Output control device of synchronous generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to increase the amount of power generation while maintaining the stability of engine rotation in the low rotation region.

The engine speed determination unit 48 detects the rotational speed of the rotor, and when the engine speed is in the low rotation range, the driver 46 controls the rectifier 4 with a delay angle to increase the field flux to increase the amount of power generated. . The driver 46 reads the delay angle stored in the delay angle setting unit 49 in response to the change in the polarity of the magnetic pole detected by the rotor angle sensor 29 and energizes the delay angle to the stator winding. The output voltage of the generator is controlled to be between the voltage control values VMaxV and VMin lower than the regulator voltage of the regulator.

Description

OUTPUT CONTROL DEVICE OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR}

A three-phase synchronous generator is used as a vehicle power generator, and the generated alternating current is rectified by a three-phase full-wave rectifier and used to charge a battery. In the three-phase synchronous generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-19194, a forward current flows through the stator coil, and the field flux is increased by the increase of the field reaction due to the armature reaction caused by the forward current. And output current).

In general, a generator is provided with a regulator that limits the output voltage so that the generated power does not exceed a predetermined value, and the power generator is stopped by the function of the regulator. When power generation stops, load fluctuations occur in the engine, and therefore, the engine rotation becomes unstable, especially in the low rotation region. In addition, if the power generation is excessive, the influence on the engine rotation by the increase of the precushion is large in the low rotation region.

An object of the present invention is to provide an output control apparatus of a synchronous generator which can increase power generation without destabilizing engine rotation in a low rotation region.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an output control apparatus of a synchronous generator, and more particularly, to an output control apparatus of a synchronous generator suitable for increasing the amount of power generated in a low rotation region.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The block diagram which shows the principal part function of the output control apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

2 is a sectional view of a starter and a generator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

3 is an essential part electric system diagram of a motorcycle having an output control device of the present invention;

4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an engine speed and generation current in ACG energization control;

5 is a diagram showing a change in battery voltage in a delay angle power generation region;

6 is a flowchart showing processing of an output control apparatus;

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the timing between the phase current of the stator coil and the output of the rotor angle sensor during ACG energization control.

8 is a table of energization duty using the engine speed as a parameter.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides detection means for detecting the number of revolutions of the rotor of the generator, energizing means for energizing the stator winding to increase the amount of power generated by the generator, and a predetermined regulator for the output voltage of the generator And a regulator for limiting the voltage, the delay angle energization is performed when the rotational speed of the rotor is in a predetermined low-speed range, and the output voltage is controlled to a predetermined voltage control value lower than the regulator voltage. The first feature is that it is energized and controlled.

According to the first aspect, the power generation output is increased by applying a delay angle to the stator winding. Since the delay angle energization is performed to control the output voltage to a voltage control value set lower than the regulator voltage of the regulator, the amount of power generation can be stably increased without operating the regulator in the low rotation region.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the output voltage is controlled to the predetermined voltage control value by changing the energization duty while maintaining the energization delay angle at the predetermined value in the delay angle energization.

The present invention further provides that the voltage control value has a predetermined width, and the conduction duty is finely reduced when the output voltage reaches the maximum value of the width, and fine when the output voltage falls below the minimum value of the width. There is a third feature in increasing, and the fourth feature in that the energizing duty is determined in accordance with the number of revolutions of the generator.

According to the second to fourth features, since the timing of the delay angle is fixed, adjustment of the amount of power generation is easy and the accuracy of the adjustment can be increased.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, one Embodiment of this invention is described with reference to drawings. 2 is a sectional view of a starter and a generator according to one embodiment of the present invention. This starter and generator (hereinafter, referred to as "ACG") 1 is mounted on a scooter type motorcycle, for example. The ACG 1 includes a stator 50 wound with a three-phase winding (stator coil) and an outer rotor 60 coupled to an end of the crankshaft 201 of the engine to rotate the outer circumference of the stator 50. Have The outer rotor 60 has a cup-shaped rotor case 63 connected to the crankshaft 201 and a magnet 62 accommodated on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor case 63. The magnet 62 is disposed along the circumferential direction in the rotor yoke.

The outer rotor 60 is installed by fitting the inner circumference of the hub portion 60a to the tip taper of the crankshaft 201 and penetrates the center of the hub portion 60a to the end screw of the crankshaft 201. It is fixed by the bolt 253 to be twisted inserted. The stator 50 disposed on the inner circumferential side of the outer rotor 60 is fixed to the crankcase 202 by bolts 279. The outer rotor 60 is provided with a fan 280 fixed by the bolt 246. A radiator 282 is installed adjacent to the fan 280, and the radiator 282 is covered by the fan cover 281.

A sensor case 28 is fitted in the inner circumference of the stator 50, and the rotor angle sensor (stimulus sensor) is provided at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the boss of the outer rotor 60 in the sensor case 28 ( 29) and a pulser sensor (ignition pulser) 30 is provided. The rotor angle sensor 29 is for conducting control of energization of the stator coil of the ACG 1, and is provided one for each of the U phase, V phase, and W phase of the ACG 1. On the other hand, the ignition pulser 30 is for ignition control of the engine, only one is installed. Both the rotor angle sensor 29 and the ignition pulser 30 can be configured as a Hall IC or a magnetoresistive (MR) element.

The lead wires of the rotor angle sensor 29 and the ignition pulser 30 are connected to the substrate 31, and the wire harness 32 is coupled to the substrate 31 again. A two-stage magnetized magnet ring 33 is inserted into the outer circumference of the boss 60a of the outer rotor 60 to magnetically act on each of the rotor angle sensor 29 and the ignition pulser 30.

One magnet of the magnet ring 33 corresponding to the rotor angle sensor 29 is formed with N poles and S poles alternately arranged at intervals of 30 ° in the circumferential direction in response to the magnetic poles of the stator 50, On the other magnetizing zone of the magnet ring 33 corresponding to the ignition pulser 30, a magnetizing portion is formed at one position in the circumferential direction in the range of 15 ° to 40 °.

The ACG 1 having the above-described configuration functions as a synchronous motor at start-up and is driven by a current supplied from a battery to start the engine by rotating the crankshaft 201 and at the same time as a synchronous generator after start-up The battery is charged and current is supplied to each electric component.

3 is an electrical system diagram of an essential part of a motorcycle having an output control device of the ACG 1. In the figure, the ECU 3 includes a full-wave rectifier 4 for rectifying three-phase alternating current generated by the ACG 1, and outputs of the full-wave rectifier 4 to a predetermined regulator voltage (regulator operating voltage: For example, a regulator 5 for limiting to 14.5V) is provided. In addition, the ECU 3 includes a power generation control unit 6 that performs control to increase the amount of power generation when the engine speed is a predetermined low rotation area (hereinafter, referred to as a "generation control area"). The power generation control section 6 is also realized as a function of the CPU. The rotor angle sensor 29 and the ignition pulser 30 are also connected to the ECU 3, and the detection signal is input to the ECU 3.

The ignition coil 21 is connected to the ECU 3, and the ignition plug 22 is connected to the secondary side of the ignition coil 21. In addition, the ECU 3 is connected with a throttle sensor 23, a fuel sensor 24, a seat switch 25, an idle switch 26, and a coolant temperature sensor 27, and a detection signal from each part is supplied to the ECU 3. Is entered.

The ECU 3 again includes a start relay 34, a start switch 35, a stop switch 36, 37, a standby indicator 38, a fuel indicator 39, a speed sensor 40, a motorcyclester 41 and The headlight 42 is connected. The headlight 42 is provided with a dimmer switch 43.

Each of the above sections is supplied with current from the battery 2 via the main fuse 44 and the main switch 45. The battery 2 also has a circuit which is directly connected to the ECU 3 by the start relay 34, and which is connected to the ECU 3 via only the main fuse 44 without passing through the main switch 45.

In addition to the function of controlling the power generation amount (voltage) in general, the power generation control part 6 energizes the delay angle from the battery 2 with respect to the stator coil of each phase of the power generation ACG 1 according to the present invention to increase the power generation amount. (Hereinafter referred to as "ACG energization control"). Here, the delay angle energization means to energize the stator coil by delaying a predetermined electric angle equivalent from the detection signal at the time of the change of the magnetic pole of the magnetizing stage 33 detected by the rotor angle sensor 29. However, the output voltage (battery voltage) of the full-wave rectifier 4 is a predetermined voltage range below the regulator voltage in order to prevent instability of engine rotation caused by sudden changes in engine load caused by operating the regulator 5 in the low rotation region. Controlled to stop within.

4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the engine speed and the generated current when ACG energization control is performed. In the drawing, an engine speed range of 1000 rpm to 3500 rpm is set as the power generation control region. In such a low rotation region, the generation current (ACG output) of the ACG 1 by the conventional control method is very small. Therefore, the generation current is increased by the ACG energization control in the generation control area. The increase is indicated by the dotted line as "delay angle energization". By controlling the power generation amount to correspond to the commercial load current, it is possible to ensure the power generation amount corresponding to the current consumption amount even in the low rotation region.

5 is a diagram showing a change in battery voltage in the delay angle power generation region. In the figure, the battery voltage Vb is controlled in the ACG control voltage range defined by the control voltage maximum value VMax and the control voltage minimum value VMin set below the regulator voltage 14.5V. Specifically, the energization delay angle with respect to the stator coil is set to a fixed value (for example, an electrical angle of 60 degrees), the energization duty of the full-wave rectifier 4 is increased and decreased, and the battery voltage Vb is controlled to the ACG control voltage range. That is, when the battery voltage Vb reaches the control voltage maximum value VMax, the energizing duty is reduced by a predetermined minute value (for example, 1%), and when the battery voltage Vb falls to the control voltage minimum value VMin. The energization duty is increased by the minute value.

1 is a block diagram showing the main functions of the ACG energization control device. In the figure, the full-wave rectifier 4 uses FETs (generally solid state switching elements) 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, and 4f connected to the stator coils 1U, 1V, and 1W of the ACG 1. When the engine is started, the driver 46 switches the FETs 4a to 4f to drive the ACG 1 as a synchronous motor to rotate the crankshaft 201 and, on the contrary, after the engine starts. Since the rotor is driven by the engine and functions as a synchronous generator, the alternating current is rectified by the FETs 4a to 4f to feed the battery 2 or the electric load 47. In addition, even during power generation by the engine driving, the power generation amount is increased by controlling the FETs 4a to 4f by the driver 46 so that the delay angle energization to the stator coil is performed in accordance with the present invention, especially at low rotation of the engine. The delay angle energization control will be described later with reference to FIG.

The engine speed determination unit 48 detects the engine speed based on, for example, the detection signal of the ignition pulser 30, the frequency signal of the power generation voltage, and the like, and the delay angle command when the detected engine speed is in the predetermined power generation control area. Is supplied to the driver 46. The driver 46 reads the energization delay angle set in advance from the delay angle setting unit 49 in response to the delay angle command to energize the delay angle. The energizing duty is read from the duty setting part 51 and supplied to the driver 46. The driver 46 each time the sensor 29 detects the magnetizing zone of the magnet ring 33 formed in response to the magnetic pole detection signal from the rotor angle sensor 29, that is, the magnetic pole of the outer rotor 60. Detect the signal to start on. Then, a delay angle corresponding to the energization delay angle from the start of the signal is outputted to output a PWM control signal to the FETs 4a to 4f.

The battery voltage determination unit 52 compares the battery voltage Vb with the control voltage maximum value VMax and the control voltage minimum value VMin, which define the voltage control range, and sets the duty setting unit 51 based on the comparison result. The electrification duty set at < RTI ID = 0.0 > of < / RTI > increases and decreases the battery voltage Vb to fall within the control range.

6 is a flowchart showing the process of the above output control apparatus. In the figure, at step S1, it is determined whether the engine speed is present in the power generation control region. As described above, the power generation control area is set to, for example, 1000 rpm or more and 3500 rpm or less. If the engine speed exists in the power generation control area, the flow advances to step S2 to determine whether or not the flag FACG indicating that the engine speed is present in the power generation control area is set (= 1). If the flag FACG is not set, the flow advances to step S3 to set the flag FACG (set to "1"). If the flag FACG has been set, the flow advances to step S4 to set a predetermined value ACGAGL in the energization delay angle acgag1. The predetermined value ACGAGL can be appropriately set in advance, but in this embodiment, for example, the electric angle is 60 degrees. Subsequently, in step S5, the initial value ACDUTY is set to the energization duty. The initial value ACDUTY can also be appropriately set in advance, but is 40% in this embodiment, for example. If step S3 to step S5 is complete, it progresses to step S7. If step S2 is affirmative, step S3 to step S5 are skipped to step S7. When the engine speed does not exist in the power generation control area, the flag FACG is reset (= 0) in step S6, and the flow proceeds to step S7.

In step S7, it is determined whether or not the flag FACG is set. If the flag FACG has been set (= 1), it is determined in step S8 whether the battery voltage Vb is equal to or greater than the control voltage maximum value VMax. The control voltage maximum value VMax is set to a value lower than the regulator voltage, for example 13.5 volts. When the battery voltage Vb is not greater than or equal to the control voltage maximum value VMax, the process proceeds to step S9 to determine whether the battery voltage Vb is less than or equal to the control voltage minimum value VMin. The control voltage minimum value VMin is set to 13.0 volts, for example. When the battery voltage Vb is not lower than the control voltage minimum value VMin in step S9, it is determined that the battery voltage Vb is within the ACG supply voltage range set to a value lower than the regulator voltage of the regulator. ACG conduction control is performed according to the overconducting duty.

When it is determined in step S8 that the battery voltage Vb is greater than or equal to the control voltage maximum value VMax, the flow advances to step S11 to reduce the energization duty to a small value DDUTY. The small value DDUTY is 1%, for example. When it is determined in step S9 that the battery voltage Vb is equal to or less than the control voltage minimum value VMin, the flow advances to step S12 to increase the conduction duty to a small value DDUTY. After the process of step S11, S12, it progresses to step S10. The minute value DDUTY at the time of increasing and decreasing the energization duty is not necessarily the same, and is proportional to the difference between the maximum control voltage VMax or the minimum control voltage VMin and the present value. The small value DDUTY may be changed.

On the other hand, if the flag FACG is not set in step S7 (= 0), the control unit proceeds to step S13 to stop the ACG energization control because it is not a power generation control area.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the timing of the current (phase current) flowing in each phase of the stator coil and the output of the rotor angle sensor 29 during ACG energization control. As shown in the figure, in the normal case in which the delay angle energization control is not performed, the U, V, and W phases of the stator coil are responded to in response to a change in the positive and negative NS of the detection output of the rotor angle sensor 29. Current is supplied to the On the other hand, when the delay angle energization control is performed, the delay angle d (= 60 °) of the stator coil is delayed by the predetermined delay angle d (= 60 °) from the change of the negative amount NS of the detection output of the rotor angle sensor 29. Current is supplied to each of the W phases. In FIG. 7, the conduction angle T by duty chopping is 180 degrees, but can be determined within 180 degrees by the energization duty supplied to the driver 46 from the duty setting part 51. FIG.

8 is a table of energization duty in which the engine speed, that is, the speed of the generator, is set as a parameter. By detecting the engine speed, the energization duty according to the engine speed is determined with reference to FIG. 8.

In the above embodiment, in the outer rotor / inner rotor system, permanent magnets are arranged on the outer rotor as magnet means for generating magnetic flux. However, the present invention can be similarly applied to a generator provided with a magnetic means for generating magnetic flux in an inner rotor or a generator employing an electromagnet as a magnetic means for generating magnetic flux. In addition, the current delay angle acgag1 is not set to a fixed value, but proportional, derivative, integral, and combination control thereof can be performed according to a general negative feedback control method.

As apparent from the above description, according to the inventions of Claims 1 to 4, it is possible to stably increase the amount of power generation without operating the normal voltage regulator in the low rotation region. Therefore, when the rotor is applied to a vehicle-mounted generator driven by the engine, it is possible to reduce the variation of the engine load during idling operation and to make the idle rotation stable by making the variation of the engine rotation very small. According to the inventions of claims 2 to 4, since the timing of the delay angle is fixed to a preset value, the power generation amount can be easily adjusted with a simple and convenient configuration, and the accuracy of the adjustment can be increased.

Claims (4)

In the output control apparatus of the synchronous generator (1) having a rotor (1) having a magnetic flux generating magnetic field (62) and a stator (50) wound around a stator winding for generating output power, Detection means (30) for detecting the rotational speed of the rotor; Energizing means (46) for energizing the stator windings with a delay angle to increase the amount of power generated by the generator; And a regulator 5 for limiting the output voltage of the generator to a predetermined regulator voltage, The delay angle energization is performed when the rotational speed of the rotor is in a predetermined low speed range, and energization control is performed to control the output voltage to a predetermined voltage control value lower than the regulator voltage. Generator's output control device. The method of claim 1, In the delay angle energization, the output control device of the synchronous generator (1) characterized in that the output voltage is controlled to the predetermined voltage control value by changing the energization duty while maintaining the energization delay angle at a predetermined value. The method of claim 2, The voltage control value has a predetermined width, and the energization duty is finely reduced when the output voltage reaches the maximum value of the width, and finely increased when the output voltage falls below the minimum value of the width. An output control device for the synchronous generator 1. The method of claim 2 or 3, And the energization duty is determined according to the rotation speed of the generator (1).