KR102026367B1 - 내연 엔진용 밸브 제어 시스템 및 그 작동 방법 - Google Patents
내연 엔진용 밸브 제어 시스템 및 그 작동 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102026367B1 KR102026367B1 KR1020157005715A KR20157005715A KR102026367B1 KR 102026367 B1 KR102026367 B1 KR 102026367B1 KR 1020157005715 A KR1020157005715 A KR 1020157005715A KR 20157005715 A KR20157005715 A KR 20157005715A KR 102026367 B1 KR102026367 B1 KR 102026367B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- engine
- cylinder
- actuator
- cycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
-
- F01L9/02—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- F01L9/16—Pneumatic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2438—Active learning methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2441—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
- F02D2041/0092—Synchronisation of the cylinders at engine start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
- F02D2041/0095—Synchronisation of the cylinders during engine shutdown
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2051—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2058—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2065—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit the control being related to the coil temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/021—Engine temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/023—Temperature of lubricating oil or working fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0414—Air temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1213945.7 | 2012-08-06 | ||
| GB1213945.7A GB2504693B (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2012-08-06 | Valve control systems for internal combustion engines and methods of operation thereof |
| PCT/GB2013/052095 WO2014023949A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-08-06 | Valve control system for internal combustion engines and method of operation thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20150038599A KR20150038599A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
| KR102026367B1 true KR102026367B1 (ko) | 2019-09-27 |
Family
ID=46934907
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020157005715A Expired - Fee Related KR102026367B1 (ko) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-08-06 | 내연 엔진용 밸브 제어 시스템 및 그 작동 방법 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9523292B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2880292A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP6377059B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR102026367B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN104541038B (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR112015001917A2 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2504693B (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN2015MN00080A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2014023949A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3107083B1 (fr) * | 2020-02-06 | 2022-01-07 | Renault Sas | Procédé de contrôle d’un angle de décalage d’un arbre à cames |
| WO2022075001A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-14 | 日立Astemo株式会社 | 可変バルブタイミング機構の制御装置及びその制御方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000008895A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-01-11 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 電磁駆動バルブの制御装置 |
| JP2001207876A (ja) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの電磁動弁制御装置 |
| US20030136361A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic valve controller of an internal combustion engine |
| WO2004097184A1 (en) | 2003-04-26 | 2004-11-11 | Camcon Ltd | Electromagnetic valve actuator |
| JP2006189042A (ja) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | 内燃機関の可変制御のガス交換弁の制御装置及び方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6092495A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-07-25 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of controlling electronically controlled valves to prevent interference between the valves and a piston |
| JP2000257481A (ja) * | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| JP2001082190A (ja) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-27 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | エンジンのバルブタイミング制御装置 |
| JP2001140662A (ja) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電磁駆動弁の制御装置 |
| JP4151268B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-10 | 2008-09-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電磁駆動弁を備えた内燃機関の停止制御装置 |
| JP4055443B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-11 | 2008-03-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電磁駆動弁制御装置 |
| JP4291624B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-27 | 2009-07-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御 |
| JP4177745B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-11-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電磁駆動弁の制御装置 |
| US6938593B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-09-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Computer readable storage medium for use with engine having variable valve actuator |
| JP4440022B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-14 | 2010-03-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 可変動弁装置を備える内燃機関の制御装置 |
| JP4492523B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 圧縮比とバルブ特性を変更可能な内燃機関 |
| JP4289364B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-05 | 2009-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
-
2012
- 2012-08-06 GB GB1213945.7A patent/GB2504693B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-08-06 JP JP2015525941A patent/JP6377059B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-06 KR KR1020157005715A patent/KR102026367B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-06 CN CN201380041785.0A patent/CN104541038B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-06 US US14/419,974 patent/US9523292B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-06 WO PCT/GB2013/052095 patent/WO2014023949A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-08-06 BR BR112015001917A patent/BR112015001917A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-06 EP EP13750099.7A patent/EP2880292A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-01-12 IN IN80MUN2015 patent/IN2015MN00080A/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000008895A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-01-11 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 電磁駆動バルブの制御装置 |
| JP2001207876A (ja) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの電磁動弁制御装置 |
| US20030136361A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic valve controller of an internal combustion engine |
| WO2004097184A1 (en) | 2003-04-26 | 2004-11-11 | Camcon Ltd | Electromagnetic valve actuator |
| JP2006189042A (ja) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | 内燃機関の可変制御のガス交換弁の制御装置及び方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2504693A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
| CN104541038A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
| EP2880292A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| US9523292B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
| JP2015524539A (ja) | 2015-08-24 |
| JP6377059B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
| WO2014023949A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| KR20150038599A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
| GB201213945D0 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| US20150167503A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| CN104541038B (zh) | 2017-11-07 |
| GB2504693B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| BR112015001917A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| IN2015MN00080A (enExample) | 2015-10-16 |
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