KR101181548B1 - ＳｉＡｌＯＮ 계열 물질 - Google Patents

ＳｉＡｌＯＮ 계열 물질 Download PDF

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KR101181548B1
KR101181548B1 KR1020067002522A KR20067002522A KR101181548B1 KR 101181548 B1 KR101181548 B1 KR 101181548B1 KR 1020067002522 A KR1020067002522 A KR 1020067002522A KR 20067002522 A KR20067002522 A KR 20067002522A KR 101181548 B1 KR101181548 B1 KR 101181548B1
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sialon
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KR1020067002522A
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KR20060125680A (ko
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베른트 비터리히
킬리안 프리데리히
울리히 모우라이
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세람텍 아게
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Abstract

공지된 Si3N4 및 SiAlON 절단 물질은 초기 마모로서 기술되는 회주철 (GG)에서 통상의 긴 연속 절단 동안 절단날 상에서 초기에 매우 빠르게 둥글게 된다. 따라서, 본 발명은 물질의 원료 혼합물이 70 내지 97 부피%의 성분 A, 알파/베타 SiAlON; 및 3 내지 30 부피%의 성분 B, 경질 물질로 이루어진 물질을 제공한다.

Description

ＳｉＡｌＯＮ 계열 물질 {MATERIAL BASED ON SiAlON's}
본 발명은 SiAlON 계열 물질, 이의 제조 및 용도에 관한 것이다.
회주철(grey cast iron)의 통상적인 길고 연속적인 절단에서, 공지된 Si3N4 및 SiAlON 절단 물질은 초기 마모로서 공지된 현상으로, 초기에 절단날에 매우 빠르게 둥글게 된다.
이에 따라, 본 발명의 목적은 이러한 공지된 절단 물질의 단점을 제거하기 위한 것이다.
본 발명의 목적은 본 발명의 따라 성분 A 및 성분 B로 구성되는 물질의 조건에 의해 달성되는데, 여기서, A는 알파-/베타-SiAlON을 의미하며, B는 경질 물질을 의미한다. 본 발명에 따른 물질은 70 내지 97 부피%, 바람직하게는 80 내지 95 부피%, 특히 바람직하게는 84 내지 91 부피%의 성분 A, 및 3 내지 30 부피%, 바람직하게는 5 내지 20 부피%, 특히 바람직하게는 9 내지 16 부피%의 성분 B를 함유한다.
본 발명에 따라 사용되는 성분 A의 원료 물질 혼합물은 주성분 Si3N4, AlN, 기타 첨가제, 예를 들어 Al2O3, Y2O3, Sc2O3, 희토류 산화물 및 소량의 Li, Ca, Mg, Sr을 함유하는 화합물로 구성된다. 비슷한 혼합물은 이미 DE 35 11 734 A1호로부터 공지되어 있다. 본 발명에 따른 물질은 상술된 원료 물질 혼합물 및 첨가된 경질물질로부터 1800 내지 2000℃의 온도 및 최고 온도에서 0.5 내지 5 시간의 머무름 시간으로 열처리하는 동안 형성된다.
성분 A는 알파- 및 베타-SiAlON 및 무정형 또는 부분 결정형 입계상으로 구성된다. 물질의 소결된 상태에서, 소결체 내부의 SiAlON 상은 10 내지 90 부피%, 바람직하게는 12 내지 60 부피%, 특히 바람직하게는 15 내지 50 부피%의 알파-SiAlON 분율 및 90 내지 10 부피%, 바람직하게는 88 내지 40 부피%, 특히 바람직하게는 85 내지 50 부피%의 베타-SiAlON 분율로 구성된다. 알파- 및 베타-SiAlON의 분율은 X-선 회절상으로부터 결정된다[Gazzara and Messier, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 56 (1977)].
입계상의 함량은 10 부피% 미만, 바람직하게는 5 부피% 미만이다. 입계상은 무정형일 수 있으나, 바람직하게는 부분 결정형이다. 공지된 바와 같이, 소결체내의 A의 조성은 제조 파라미터, 예를 들어 분말 혼합물의 조성, 오븐에서의 소결 조건, 도가니 재료, 가스의 타입, 온도 및 소결 시간에 의해 변경될 수 있다. 성분 A에서, 소위 발화(as-fired) 표면이 100% 이하의 알파-SiAlON을 함유하도록 소결체의 표면과 내부 사이의 구배를 가질 수 있다.
구배는 소결체의 표면이 내부 보다 빨리 냉각되거나 표면의 화학적 조성이 대기와 반응하여 개질되는 경우의 특정 조건하에서 성분 A에서 발생할 수 있다. 알파-SiAlON이 풍부한 표면은 단단한 코어를 갖는 경질의 외부층을 형성시킨다.
사용될 수 있는 경질 물질인 성분 B의 예는 SiC, Ti(C,N), TiC, TiN, 주기율표의 IVb족, Vb족 및 VIb족로부터의 원소의 카바이드 및/또는 니트라이드, 및 스칸디움 카바이드 및/또는 스칸디움 옥시카바이드 또는 상기 경질 물질의 혼합물이다. 열처리 동안에, 경질 물질은 입자간 및/또는 입자내 방식으로, 즉 SiAlON 입자들 간에 및 SiAlON내에 도입되며, 이는 열처리 동안에 변하지 않는다. 그러므로, 사용되는 경질 물질 과립의 크기는 다른 구조적 성분인 알파- 및 베타-SiAlON 입자의 크기를 초과하지 못하는데, 그렇지 않은 경우 본 발명에 따른 물질의 기계적 성질을 저하시키기 때문이다. 이는 경질 물질의 평균입자 크기가 30 ㎛ 미만, 바람직하게는 15 ㎛ 미만, 특히 바람직하게는 5 ㎛ 미만임을 의미한다. 경질 물질 과립은 구형 입자, 판상형 입자 또는 위스커(whisher)형 입자일 수 있으며, 구형 입자가 특히 바람직하다.
알파- 및 베타-SiAlON 입자의 최대 크기는 90 ㎛ 미만, 바람직하게는 65 ㎛ 미만, 특히 바람직하게는 50 ㎛ 미만일 수 있다. 작은 입자 크기가 대개 공지된 물질에서 요망되지만, 놀랍게도 본 발명에 따른 물질과 함께, 입자크기가 적용 성질에 대해 단지 최소의 영향을 미친다는 것이 밝혀졌다.
무정형 입계상의 결정화를 위한 열처리가 가능하고, 심지어 바람직하다. 공지된 바와 같이, 제조 파라미터, 예를 들어 분말 혼합물의 조성 및 소결 조건, 예를 들어 온도, 가스 조성, 가스 압력, 시간 경로, 단열 및 도가니 재료에 따라, 결정상, 특히 바람직하게는 알루미늄-함유 멜릴라이트(melilite) 또는 디실리케이트가 형성된다.
공지된 물질과 비교하여 본 발명에 따른 물질의 장점은 1550 HV10 초과에서 보다 큰 경도를 갖으며, 그 결과 보다 큰 내마모성을 갖는다는 것이다.
더욱이, 본 발명에 따른 물질은 보다 큰 고온경도를 갖으며, 즉 높은 절단 속도에서, 절단 코너에서 증가하는 온도에서 보다 높은 내마모성을 갖는다.
더욱이, 유리상과 가공되는 공작물의 물질과의 화학적 반응은 높은 절단 속도에서 실질적으로 보다 적게 일어난다.
본 발명에 따른 물질은 공지된 내마모성 코팅(wear-reducing coating), 예를 들어 Al2O3, TiN 또는 TiC로 코팅될 수 있으며, 이는 내마모성을 증가시킨다.
본 발명에 따른 물질은 공지된 방법, 예를 들어 특정 SiAlON 물질 중에, 분말 혼합, 성형화, 소결 및 분쇄에 의한 마감처리에 의해 고성능 세라믹 성분의 제조에서 사용될 수 있는 방법으로 제조될 수 있다.
소결 동안 가스 분위기는 불활성이고, N2 또는 N2와 다른 불활성 가스, 예를 들어 Ar의 혼합물일 수 있다.
하기 표는 본 발명에 따른 물질 조성의 구체예를 나타낸 것이다. 각각의 경우에서 높은 경도는 주목할 만하다.
표: 구체예의 조성 및 성질
계측된 양
Kg		 실시예 1 실시예 2 실시예 3 실시예 4 실시예 5
Si3N4 5.66 5.66 5.35 5.34 4.90
Y2O3 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.27
AlN 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.25
MgO 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Al2O3 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
SiC 0.69 0.69 1.04 - -
Ti(C,N) - - - 1.05 1.53
최대소결온도 1940℃ 1800℃ 1800℃ 1800℃ 1900℃
머무름 시간 3시간 1시간 1시간 1시간 3시간
최종 밀도 >99.9% th. >99.9% th. >99.9% th. >99.9% th. >99.9% th.
샐플내 알파-SiAlON 또는 알파+베타 28% 55% 58% 54% 31%
경질물질 함량 10 부피%
SiC		 10 부피%
SiC		 15 부피%
SiC		 10 부피%
TiCN		 15 부피%
TiCN
색채 회록색 회록색 회록색 회갈색 회갈색
경도(HV10) 1730 1810 1820 1810 1790
최종 밀도: th.=이론상의 밀도
공지된 Si3N4 및 SiAlON 절단 물질이 연한 회색 내지 진한 회-검정색(grey-black)이지만, SiC가 첨가되면 본 발명에 따른 물질은 회록색이 되며, Ti(C,N)이 첨가되면 회갈색이 된다.
절단 물질로서, 통상적인 길고 연속적인 컷(cut)으로 회주철의 가공함에 있어서, 본 발명에 따른 물질은 놀랍게도 공지된 절단 물질의 단점인 초기 마모를 나타내지 않으면서, 작동 수명의 마지막까지 날까로운 날을 유지한다. 또한 본 발명에 따른 물질은 놀랍게도 소위 "노치(notch) 마모"와 관련하여 유리한 것으로 입증된 것으로 인식되었다: 특히 거친 주조 스킨(skin)을 갖는 회주철이 절단되는 경우, 짧은 시간 후에 종래 공지된 절단 물질에 깊은 노치가 형성된다. 이러한 마모는 주로 화학적 마모, 즉 절단 도구와 공작물 간의 화학적 반응에 의해 야기된다. 한편, 본 발명에 따른 물질은 현저하게 긴 작동 기간 후에 이러한 마모가 나타난다.
실리콘 니트라이드 물질 ("기준물질")과 비교하여 본 발명에 따른 물질 ("신규한 절단 물질")의 장점은 도 1 및 도 2의 두개의 도면으로부터 알 수 있다. 도 1은 컷의 수의 함수에 따라 주 절단날 상의 마모 폭 "WWM"을 나타낸 것이다. GG15 (회주철)로부터 제조된 브레이크 디스크를 "vc=1000 m/분"의 절단 속도 (절단날에 회전부의 주변속도), "f=0.5 mm/rev"의 공급 및 "ap=2.0 mm"의 전진 (절단율)으로 회전시켰다.
도 2는 실리콘 니트라이드 절단 도구와 비교하여 컷의 수의 함수에 따라 주조 스킨을 갖는 합금화된 회주철, GG25를 회전시키는 동안 코너에서의 마모의 폭, "WWC", 노치 마모를 나타낸 것이다. 이러한 부분을 "vc=800 m/분"의 절단 속도 (절단날에 회전부의 주변속도), "f=0.5 mm/rev"의 공급 및 "ap=2.0 mm"의 진도 (절단율)로 회전시켰다.
절단 물질로서 용도 이외에, 다른 용도는 높은 내마모성이 중요하며 또는 물질 상에 열적 및 화학적 하중이 가해질 수 있는 다른 적용 분야에서 고려될 수 있다. 따라서, 예를 들어 밀봉링과 같은 본 발명에 따른 물질의 유리한 용도는 연료 및 냉각기 펌프, 압축기, 터보과급기, 열교환기 및 공기조절 시스템에서 고려되거나 사용될 수 있다.

Claims (21)

  1. 알파- 및 베타-SiAlON 및 무정형 또는 부분 결정형 입계상으로 구성된 성분 A 및 경질 물질의 성분 B로 이루어진 SiAlON 계열 물질에 있어서,
    성분 A가 70 내지 97 부피% 및 성분 B가 3 내지 30 부피%의 조성을 갖으며,
    소결체내의 물질이 외측으로부터 내측으로 감소되는 알파-SiAlON 구배를 갖으며, 발화 표면(as-fired surface)의 알파-SiAlON 함량이 100% 이하임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서, SiC, Ti(C,N), TiC, TiN, 주기율표의 IVb족, Vb족 및 VIb족으로부터의 원소의 카바이드, 니트라이드, 또는 카바이드 및 니트라이드, 및 스칸디움 카바이드, 스칸디움 옥시카바이드, 또는 스칸디움 카바이드 및 스칸디움 옥시카바이드 또는 상기 경질 물질의 혼합물이, 소결 후에 변하지 않고 상태를 유지하는 경질 물질인 성분 B로서 사용됨을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  3. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 입계상의 함량이 10 부피% 미만이며 입계상이 무정형임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  4. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 입계상의 함량이 10 부피% 미만이며 입계상이 부분 결정형임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  5. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 입계상이 결정상을 함유함을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  6. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 알파- 및 베타-SiAlON 입자의 최대 크기가 90 ㎛ 미만임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  7. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 경질 물질의 평균입자 크기가 30 ㎛ 미만임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  8. 제 7항에 있어서, 경질 물질 입자가 구형, 휘스커 모양(whisker-shaped) 또는 판상 모양(platelet-shaped)임을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  9. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 경도가 1550 HV10을 초과함을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  10. 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, Al2O3, TiN 또는 TiC와 같은 내마모 코팅(wear-reducing coating)으로 코팅됨을 특징으로 하는 물질.
  11. 고성능 세라믹 부품을 제조하는데 사용되는, 분말 혼합, 성형(shaping), 소결화 및 분쇄에 의해 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 따른 SiAlON 계열 물질을 제조하는 방법.
  12. 제 11항에 있어서, 성분 A가 1800 내지 2000℃의 온도 및 최고 온도에서 0.5 내지 5 시간의 머무름 시간으로 열처리하는 동안에 형성됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  13. 제 11항에 있어서, 소결 동안의 가스 분위기가 불활성이고, N2 또는 N2와 다른 불활성 가스의 혼합물을 함유함을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  14. 절단 물질로서 사용하기 위한 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 따른 물질.
  15. 회주철(grey cast iron)을 가공하기 위한 절단 물질로서 사용하기 위한 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 따른 물질.
  16. 밀봉링(sealing meal)으로서 사용하기 위한 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 따른 물질.
  17. 연료 및 냉각제 펌프, 압축기, 터보과급기, 열교환기 및 공기조절 시스템에 사용하기 위한 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 따른 물질.
  18. 삭제
  19. 삭제
  20. 삭제
  21. 삭제
KR1020067002522A 2003-08-07 2004-08-06 ＳｉＡｌＯＮ 계열 물질 KR101181548B1 (ko)

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DE102004035364.6A DE102004035364B4 (de) 2003-08-07 2004-07-21 Werkstoff auf der Basis von SiAIONen
DE102004035364.6 2004-07-21
PCT/EP2004/008836 WO2005016847A1 (de) 2003-08-07 2004-08-06 Werkstoff auf basis von sialonen

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