KR100794320B1 - Producing Method of Fertilizer Using Sea Star as Main Component - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fertilizer manufacturing method using the starfish as a main component, and more particularly, washing and cutting the starfish to a predetermined size; Preheating the powdered starfish at 70 to 170 ° C. to remove moisture, and high temperature ashing at 500 to 1300 ° C .; And it relates to a fertilizer manufacturing method using the starfish as a main component comprising the step of fermenting the microorganism fermentation using the chaff hwahwa chaff. According to the manufacturing method of the fertilizer using the starfish of the present invention as a main component, it is possible to produce a high-nutrition fertilizer without the concern of environmental pollution by fermenting the starfish that is discarded or left unattended due to no suitable use.

Starfish, fertilizer

Description

Producing Method of Fertilizer Using Sea Star as Main Component}

The present invention relates to a fertilizer manufacturing method using the starfish as a main component, and more particularly to a fertilizer manufacturing method using the starfish as a main component, characterized in that fermentation of the starfish and chaff.

Starfish is an echinoderm of the echinoderm Starfish family, which inhabits various places on the seabed, and inflicts enormous damage on farmed fish by feeding high value-added shellfish such as abalone, shellfish, oysters and scallops. The body of the starfish is a flat star and is one of the most commonly encountered marine animals on the coast. It is a marine invertebrates included in the seanare, starfish, arachnids, sea urchins and sea cucumbers of the echinoderm. 47 species of starfish have been reported in Korea, and northern species are richer than in the south. These species are widely distributed in the North Pacific, and are common to northern Japan and North America. These include the comb starfish ( Ctenodiscus ), the small starfish ( Leptychaster ), the black belt starfish ( Luidia ), the Pseudarchaster , the baby starfish ( Henricia ), the sun starfish ( Solaster ), and the cubic starfish ( Pteraster), octopus, starfish (Plazaster), Japan Bulgari Accessories (Distolasterias), ahpael starfish (Aphelasterias), and the country has been widely inhabit the southern coast one Amr starfish, which are said to give a damage to farms (Asterias), etc. to be.

Starfish are carnivorous, low-eating animals that respond very sensitive to food. Thus, shellfish, beetles, mollusks, such as oysters, small crustaceans, shellfish, sea urchins, and echinoderm such as spider starfish are fed. It also eats fish caught in a net, and many starfish can be damaged by oysters, mussels and shellfish farms. Although it is omnivorous in its feeding habits, especially shellfish, the shellfish farm considers it a pirate creature and fights it every year. However, starfish are not only able to move, but very slow moving cattle are not sacrificed to starfish, and are not able to move or are dead, and settle shellfish are fists. The number of starfish is declining as much as the rapidly decreasing water resources. Starfish are a part of the aquatic ecosystem, and as other resources decrease, the number naturally decreases, and humans do not need to define the starfish as an inhabitant pirate creature and control it artificially. The utility value of starfish can be said to be absent for now.

In addition, about 200 species of starfish inhabit the waters of Korea, and it is known that one breeder is distributed per 1 m 2 of coast because of its strong fertility that lays about 2.5 million eggs every April to July. Starfish are devastating the seas because they have predators that eat up marine resources, but they are introducing a starfish purchase system to prevent starfish growth. In addition, the damage of the starfish is not limited to the fisheries field, but due to the lack of proper utilization of the starfish captured in various ways, it is disposed of on the ground and left unattended, causing unpleasant odor accompanied by secondary corruption and environmental pollution. Doing. Recently, however, many studies have been conducted on the development of functional materials based on starfish, and some of them have been studied on anticancer effects (Andersson, et al ., Toxicon , 27 (2) : 179-188, 1989). ) and anti-virus effect in the study (Wang W, et al, J. Nat Prod, 65 (11...): 1649-1656, 2002), for recycling the heavy metal removing starfish studies using starfish (two hundred and ten, for Korean Society of Environmental Engineers , Proceedings of Spring Conference 2001 (II)) and fertilizer production using starfish (Lee Seung-heon, et al ., Korean Society of Waste Science , 19 (6) : 648-655, 2002). Has been partially progressed, and various studies have been attempted to develop calcium preparations, food additives, and pharmaceutical preparations.

The starfish contains 67.8% water and 32.2% solids. More than half of the solids, 18.3%, are composed of ash, a calcareous component, and contains a large amount of amino acids, which is beneficial for the nutrition of nitrogen. In general, starfish are used after composting and grinding to use as compost, fertilizer and livestock feed. However, since starfish are epidermal animals, since they contain a lot of animal proteins, they are difficult to dry and take a long time to dry, and thus, a lot of time and money are required for the compost and fertilizer manufacturing process using starfish.

Even if the starfish is dried through this process, there is a problem that the mold is frequently caused to decay again when the humidity increases, so the amount of starfish processed through this process is limited. In addition, environmental pollution has resulted in the overproduction of starfish, and the overgrown starfish disrupt the balance of the ecosystem, and the overfishing starfish eat fish and shellfish that inhabit tidal flats, farms, and the ocean, causing damage to fishermen. There is a situation. Starfish contain large amounts of protein and amino acids, and if left unattended, decay occurs quickly, causing enormous damage to fisheries.

In farms, excessive use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in acidification of soils, reduced intellect, increased pesticide use caused by pests, and threatened ecosystems. They were discharged to a serious condition that contaminated rivers and groundwater. In addition, starfish are the main culprit of destroying marine ecosystems, which have caused enormous damage to fishers, so many researches and developments have been conducted to develop starfish resources. However, economic solutions have not been proposed. Therefore, it can be said to be of great value if a functional organic fertilizer containing a large amount of natural useful ingredients suitable for pollution-free organic farming can be produced using the starfish, which is a problem by destroying the marine ecosystem, as a useful resource.

Nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and calcium (Ca), which are essential elements for growing crops, are essential elements and iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) , Boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) are called essential trace elements. In particular, calcium (Ca) lime plays an important role in regulating the taste (soil reaction) of the soil so that the elements present in the soil can be absorbed and insoluble by crops, while also living in the soil. It also greatly affects the living environment of microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on crops.

However, the soil of our country is serious imbalance of various components. In particular, most of Korea's soils are acidic. This is because the base material of Korean soil is mainly developed from granite and granitic gneiss. Saturn is a quality, sand, and granular coarse material, which is caused by overdose of lime, magnesium, potassium, etc.

Table 1 is a table showing the state of the soil in Korea. As shown in Table 1, in particular, the average pH (pH) in the field soil is about 5.5, which is far below the optimum value (pH 6.5), and in some forest areas and parks where soil is not properly managed, the pH reaches 4.5. . As such, the acidification of the soil proceeded severely because the soil and useful components were leached out by heavy rain, and it is reported that the acid rain caused by industrialization is also affected.

division Paddy field field Status (A) Titration (B) Level (A / B) Status (A) Titration (B) Level (A / B) PH (pH) 5.6 6.5 86 5.5 6.5 85 Organic matter (%) 2.5 3.0 83 2.4 3.0 80 Phosphoric Acid (mg / kg) 128 100 128 538 300 179 Cali (Cmol / kg) 0.32 0.30 107 0.64 0.50 128 Lime (Cmol / kg) 4.0 5.0 80 4.2 5.0 84 Silicic acid (mg / kg) 72 130 55 - - - C, E, C (Cmol / kg) 9.2 15 61 10.3 15 67

In addition, the cause of another component imbalance can be placed in the vegetation of Korea. Most of the vegetation of our country has a lot of coniferous pine, so the content of organic matter is low in the soil, and the climate is warm and the rainfall is high, so it is easy to decompose organic matter. Due to the high inclination, it is difficult for organic matter to accumulate in the soil, resulting in low organic matter content. In the case of Korean paddy and field soils, the average organic matter content in the soil is 2.4-2.5%, which is lower than the optimum value (3.0%), which is disadvantageous for forming the grain structure of the soil, which greatly helps crop growth. The fertility of the soil is lowered, such as poor buffering capacity to mitigate changes in the soil environment. Due to these characteristics, various fertilizers are used in the cultivation of crops in Korea, but most of them are chemical fertilizers, not natural fertilizers. In other words, there has been a problem of acidic soil due to chemical fertilizer and nutritional imbalance of crops produced by lack of necessary organic substances in the soil.

Accordingly, the present inventors have completed the present invention by preparing a fertilizer using the starfish is rich in amino acids and calcium while trying to utilize the starfish disturbing the marine ecosystem and left or discarded in nature.

An object of the present invention is to ferment starfish in a natural state to provide a starfish fertilizer rich in amino acid components.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of iii) cutting and powdering to a predetermined size after washing the starfish; Ii) preheating the powdered starfish at 70 to 170 ° C. to remove moisture, and high temperature ashing at 500 to 1300 ° C .; And iii) microbial fermentation of the ingested starfish using chaff, providing a fertilizer using the starfish as a main component.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

Points to note when treating organic wastes as fertilizers are: First, economics should be high. Secondly, it should not cause secondary pollution, such as the generation of odors or the habitat of pests such as flies in the treatment process. Third, the concentration of harmful substances such as heavy metals and harmful substances such as salts, harmful organic acids, oils, surfactants, reducing substances, and harmful pathogenic microorganisms should not be high. Fourth, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, fertilizers such as galley, substances that promote plant growth, physiologically active substances, and the like should be contained in a large amount of substances useful for plant growth.

In the present invention, the starfish used are comb starfish ( Ctenodiscus ), small starfish ( Leptychaster ), black belt starfish ( Luidia ), flatfish ( Pseudarchaster ), baby starfish ( Henricia ), sun starfish ( Solaster , Pteraster , Octopus Starfish ( Plasterster ), Japanese Starfish ( Distolasterias ), Apallastus ( Aphelasterias ) and Amr Starfish ( Asterias ) are preferably selected from the group consisting of The starfish is more preferably Asterina amurensis or Asterina pectinifera .

In addition, in the present invention, the preheating for water removal is preferably heated for 1 hour at 100 to 150 ℃, the high temperature ash is preferably made for 3 to 8 hours at 600 to 1000 ℃.

The main feature of the present invention is to elute calcium, chitosan and amino acid components from the starfish by utilizing the starfish as a main ingredient, to provide nutrients necessary for plant growth, and to induce high concentration by contact oxidation and decomposition of untreated hardly decomposable substances by inducing microbial activity It is to provide a method for producing an environmentally friendly functional fertilizer containing active ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, carry and calcium, chitosan, minerals.

 In the present invention, in order to effectively utilize the useful inorganic components of starfish, the first drying at 150 ℃ for 3 hours to delay the decomposition of organic components such as proteins and gradually break down by active microorganisms, so as to dissolve together with inorganic nutrients I want to deal with it. As a result, the starfish contains a large amount of ash and is highly useful as a mineral resource (see Table 2).

These ingredients flow into plants and act as components of eluted calcium sources, amino acids, chitin (chitosan), minerals, etc., which promote rooting and growth, activate soil effective bacteria growth, increase resistance to pests, prevent various physiological disorders, and color fruits when used in crops. In addition to the effect of increasing the sugar content, prevention of serial damage, they are made from natural materials, so it will function as a multifunctional fertilizer containing a large number of natural active ingredients suitable for pollution-free organic farming. In particular, chitosan, and acid to promote lean module 1 molecules and four binding Ca ²⁺ absorbed from the roots to combine with Ca ²⁺ receptor protein carboxylic module children Ca ^2+, which is much distributed in the plant cell. By the Ca ²⁺ combined with the carboxylic nose dyulrin α- amylase, ATPase, NAD group or the, myosin L-shaped sheet machine or, moving amount of Ca is increased against the roots of the stem, such as ^{2 +} intake quantity of the plant is increased by Ca ²⁺ It is known to treat and prevent various symptoms and damage caused by deficiency.

By using the functional fertilizers for farmers to improve the acidified soil effectively and increase the strength to grow crops to increase the number of pests less likely to contribute to environmentally friendly organic farming to reduce the use of pesticides and increase the yield.

Next will be described step by step fertilizer manufacturing method using the starfish according to the present invention.

Step 1: Pretreatment of Starfish

The starfish is screened and selected for removal of contaminants and foreign matters, dried, and then pretreated by starving or pulverizing.

Second step: high temperature painting of starfish

The pretreated starfish dried is preheated at 70 to 170 ° C., preferably 100 to 150 ° C., for about 1 hour in an incineration furnace so that there is no moisture remaining in the raw material. Subsequently, the incubation temperature is heated at 500 to 1300 캜, preferably 600 to 1000 캜 for 3 to 8 hours. The starfish paintings are cooled and then ground finely to obtain a powder.

 Mixing the extracted starfish with chaff and microorganisms; Fermenting starfish and rice husks using the microorganisms; And it provides a method of producing a fertilizer using the starfish as a main component, comprising the step of finally drying and powdering the fermented product.

Third step: fermentation of microorganisms

10 to 80% of acetic acid solution, preferably 30 to 60% of acetic acid solution, is dissolved 5 to 30 times with respect to the prepared starfish incineration, and the insoluble residue is filtered. In order to remove the acid solvent remaining in this filtrate, it was concentrated in vacuo and dried to obtain a starfish compound of white powder.

The starfish compound is microbially fermented. Preferably aerobic microorganisms are used, in particular due to the chaff used in the present invention. Chaff regulates moisture control and air permeability, creating conditions for aerobic microorganisms to grow. In addition, various organic substances such as sugar and rice snow enzymes contained in small amounts in chaff are used as food for microorganisms to actively grow microorganisms. At this time, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, humidity is 70% to maintain a state of blocking the light about 60% to create the optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms. Fertilizer production using the starfish according to the present embodiment, after mixing the ratio of starfish to chaff at a ratio of 40 to 60 wt%: 40 to 60 wt%, respectively, and proceeds to the same process as in Example 2.

The temperature threatens the growth of microorganisms during fermentation, so that the ingredients are mixed evenly every 2-3 days to lower the internal temperature of the ingredients. After two months of fermentation, the moisture becomes 30-40% suitable for use as fertilizer.

After enough fermentation of the starfish, the component is analyzed and suitable for use as a fertilizer (see Table 3).

The use of starfish fertilizer prepared according to the present invention is expected to increase the harvest of various crops.

That is, as a result of cultivating bean sprouts in an immersion container containing a different immersion solution of starfish fertilizer, the yield is increased in proportion to the addition amount up to 5 g / l. In addition, it was confirmed that it is also effective in other crop cultivation (see Table 4).

In particular, in the case of the cultivation of rice, the use of other pesticides can be reduced, the disease of rice blast and paperback disease is reduced, and the maturity of rice is also improved.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.

However, the following examples are merely to illustrate the present invention is not limited to the contents of the present invention.

Example 1 Starfish Inorganic Component Irradiation

As a starfish raw material, dried starfish ( Asterina amurensis ) caught in the sea of Jeju region was used. According to the AOAC method (15th ed. 1990), inorganic ingredients such as calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) are dryly decomposed for 5 hours at 600 ° C, dissolved in hydrochloric acid, The filtered sample solution was quantified by an inductive plasma emission spectrophotometer (ICP, JY70C, France), and the crude powder was analyzed by incineration method. The moisture content of the dried starfish used as a raw material is 5.1%, and the results are shown in Table 2 below. As shown in Table 2, starch contained 40.15% of the starfish, which was highly useful as a mineral resource.

Dry starfish ( Asterina mineral content and crude ash content of amurensis ) Mass ingredient (%) Trace ingredient (ppm) % Viewed Ca Mg Na K Fe Zn Cu Mn 25.12 2.81 1.02 0.44 51.2 55.8 28.7 11.6 40.15

Example 2 Preparation of Starfish Fertilizer

Fertilizers were prepared based on starfish.

Specifically, the starfish were screened and selected such as the removal of contaminants and foreign substances, dried and then pretreated by starving or pulverizing. The pretreated starfish dried was placed in an incineration furnace and preheated for about 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 120 ° C. so that no moisture remained in the raw material. Subsequently, the painting temperature was raised to 700 ° C., after which high temperature painting was carried out for 5 hours, cooled, pulverized and finely powdered to obtain starfish paintings. 8 kg of acetic acid solution prepared at 50% acetic acid concentration was mixed with a little 1 kg of starfish inoculum and stirred well to perform acid reaction and dissolution, followed by filtration to remove insoluble residue.

Rice husk was blended into the starfish filtrate prepared by the above method, followed by microbial fermentation. Specifically, starfish: the ratio of chaff to 50 wt%: 50 wt% of the ratio, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, humidity is about 70% to maintain the state to block the light 60% to grow microorganisms Optimum conditions were established.

After one month of fermentation, the starfish were broken down to the size of a grain of sand, and the chaff was fermented and turned black. As fermentation proceeds, heat is generated, raising the temperature inside the material to 50-60 ° C. This lowered the internal temperature of the materials by mixing the ingredients evenly every 2-3 days at a temperature threatening the growth of microorganisms. After 2 months of fermentation, the starfish is completely fermented, and the starfish is completely decomposed to the size of sand grains. The odor generated during fermentation disappears and the moisture content in the fertilizer is maintained at about 30-40%. It became a state.

After fermentation for 4 months, the components were analyzed (Table 3).

Component Analysis of Starfish Fertilizer division N C C / N ratio P ₂ O ₅ K ₂ O CaO MgO NaCl Fe Mn Cu Zn As Analysis % ppm 0.23 6.23 27.1 0.19 0.64 3.94 0.78 0.40 1.777 116 81.6 33.7 5.95

As a result, as a result of analyzing the starfish fertilizer prepared according to the present invention, the components to be included in the general fertilizer are well-equipped, and the salinity of the fertilizer is 0.40%, which is 1% or less of the salinity standard, and there is no problem to use it as a fertilizer.

Example 3 Cultivation of Bean Sprouts Using Starfish Fertilizer

As the soybean material of the present example, Pungsan Sprout Beans produced at the Jeju Agricultural Research and Development Institute in 2002 were used, and a cylindrical bean sprouts grower (Φ26 × 41 cm) manufactured to control the order interval and order quantity was used.

After removing and screening foreign substances, 180 g of Pungsan Sprout Beans, which had been washed, were immersed for 5 hours in a soaking container containing water immersion liquids with different amounts of starfish fertilizer. After soaking, the soaked soybeans were sown in a bean sprouts grower, and then grown for 5 days at room temperature controlled and light-blocked to maintain 18 ° C. As the order of watering the bean sprouts, purified groundwater was used, and the ordering conditions were supplied by cultivating water for 10 minutes every 4 hours. When the amount of starfish fertilizer was added only to the immersion liquid, the yield change of the bean sprouts was measured by investigating the water quality affecting the productivity of the bean sprouts. The yield of the bean sprouts was measured as a percentage of the weight of the bean sprouts as a raw material after measuring the weight of the total bean sprouts by cultivation period. As a result, when only the immersion treatment, the addition amount of the starfish fertilizer was preferably treated less than 5 g / ℓ, compared with the non-treatment, there was no increase rate of the amount of additional bean sprouts above.

<Example 4> Crop cultivation using starfish fertilizer

In order to confirm the usefulness of the starfish fertilizer of the present invention prepared according to the method of Example 2, crop cultivation experiments were performed, and the following cultivation results were obtained (Table 4).

Crop cultivation experiment comparison table Cultivated crops Fertilization Fertilization method Cultivation Result Lettuce 5 times Spray every 5 days from the 5 leaf leaves Good shelf life, rich in chlorophyll, soft leaves and crispy cabbage 5 times Spray every 5 days from the 5 leaf leaves Leaves are dark green, high in chlorophyll, light and crispy cucumber 5 times Spray every 5 days from the stem 10 Cm The leaves are dark green, have no pests, and the cucumber flesh is firm and crispy Chrysanthemum 5 times Spray every 5 days from when there are 5 leaves No pests, broad leaves, dark green, crispy Strawberry 5 times Spray every 5 days from when there are 5 leaves No pests, fruitful, hard, purple, crispy

Example 5 Rice Cultivation Using Starfish Fertilizer

The starfish fertilizer of the present invention prepared according to the method of Example 2 was applied at 300 kg / 10a 15 days before rice transplantation. After 20-25 days of rice transplanting, spray pesticides (sterilicides, insecticides) on 800-fold diluted starfish fertilizer and spray on the rice. After rice transplanting, spray pesticides (sterilizers, insecticides) with 800 times diluted starfish fertilizer before the end of July to apply the manure.

After application of ear manure, pesticide (sterilizer, insecticide) is mixed with 500 times diluted starfish fertilizer in mid-August and sprayed on rice.

As such, the amount of pesticide used during rice cultivation was reduced by about 1/2 compared to the conventional one, and thus the amount of pesticide used could be reduced by mixing with starfish fertilizer.

In addition, the use of starfish fertilizer reduced the damage caused by rice growth by 70%, increased the calcium content in rice, reduced the diseases of blasting and paperback disease, and improved rice ripening rate. The amount of rice obtained by harvesting the rice was also improved to 539 kg / 10a, more than the usual yield of 504 kg / 10a.

As described above, the fertilizer manufactured by the method of manufacturing the fertilizer using the starfish of the present invention as a main component is made of pure natural ingredients only because no chemical components are added in the manufacturing process, there is no concern of environmental pollution, and excessive by environmental pollution It can reduce the destruction of the ecosystem due to the propagated starfish, and can easily ferment the starfish in large quantities, thereby obtaining a large amount of natural calcium carbonate. In addition, starfish compost prepared in accordance with the present invention in the soil of Korea converted to acidic soil due to the use of chemical fertilizers can be used in soil acidified with natural low-phosphate fertilizers to improve the acidity of the soil, nitrogen, It also contains Kari, Lime, Goto and large amounts of minerals, which can replace chemical fertilizers. In addition, in the case of the fertilizer manufacturing method of the present invention by using the fertilizer according to the present invention in the field of acidity less than 6.5 by correcting the soil acidity to facilitate the absorption of nutrients of the crop and to improve the propagation of microorganisms and the utilization of the roots to improve the yield Can be used to increase.

Claims (5)

Iii ) cutting and powdering Asterina amurensis to a predetermined size after washing; Ii) preheating the powdered starfish at 100 to 150 ° C. for 1 hour to remove moisture, and hot painting at 600 to 1000 ° C. for 3 to 8 hours; And Iii) a fertilizer using the starfish as a main component, comprising the step of microbial fermentation of the ingested starfish using chaff. delete delete delete delete