KR100613404B1 - 이미다졸류를 이용한 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법 - Google Patents
이미다졸류를 이용한 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100613404B1 KR100613404B1 KR1020050024601A KR20050024601A KR100613404B1 KR 100613404 B1 KR100613404 B1 KR 100613404B1 KR 1020050024601 A KR1020050024601 A KR 1020050024601A KR 20050024601 A KR20050024601 A KR 20050024601A KR 100613404 B1 KR100613404 B1 KR 100613404B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- xylenediamine
- solvent
- ammonia
- phthalonitrile
- Prior art date
Links
- XBTRYWRVOBZSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)methanediamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(N)N)C=C1 XBTRYWRVOBZSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920006391 phthalonitrile polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 39
- LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 LAQPNDIUHRHNCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008430 aromatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009615 deamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006481 deamination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005199 trimethylbenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/44—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers
- C07C209/48—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers by reduction of nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/24—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds
- C07C209/26—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds by reduction with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/82—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C209/90—Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/26—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/27—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring having amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring by saturated carbon chains
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
반응물 | 반응조건 | 생성물 | ||||
IPN (g) | 용매 (g) | 촉매 (g) | NH3 (cc) | 온도 (℃) | 압력 (psig) | 수율 (%) |
4 | 40 | 3 | 7 | 60 | 1000 | 80 |
70 | 85 | |||||
90 | 87 | |||||
110 | 94 | |||||
130 | 99 | |||||
150 | 93 |
반응물 | 반응조건 | 생성물 | ||||
IPN (g) | 용매 (g) | 촉매 (g) | NH3 (cc) | 온도 (℃) | 압력 (psig) | 수율 (%) |
4 | 40 | 3 | 0 | 130 | 1000 | 40 |
1 | 71 | |||||
3 | 88 | |||||
5 | 98 | |||||
7 | 99 |
반응물 | 반응조건 | 생성물 | ||||
IPN (g) | 용매 (g) | 촉매 (g) | NH3 (cc) | 온도 (℃) | 압력 (psig) | 수율 (%) |
4 | 40 | 3 | 7 | 130 | 1000 | 99 |
20 | 98 | |||||
10 | 98 | |||||
5 | 30 |
반응물 | 반응조건 | 생성물 | ||||
IPN (g) | 용매 (g) | 촉매 (g) | NH3 (cc) | 온도 (℃) | 압력 (psig) | 수율 (%) |
4 | 40 | 3 | 7 | 130 | 1200 | 99 |
1000 | 99 | |||||
800 | 98 | |||||
600 | 90 |
Claims (6)
- 암모니아 분위기 하에서 프탈로나이트릴(phthalonitrile)에 촉매 및 반응용매를 혼합한 후, 수소화 반응을 수행하여 자일렌다이아민(xylylenediamine)을 제조하는 방법에 있어서,상기 반응용매로 이미다졸류를 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 이미다졸류는 C1 ∼ C6의 알킬이 치환된 N-알킬 이미다졸인 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 이미다졸류는 프탈로나이트릴 1 g에 대하여 1.25 ∼ 20 g 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 암모니아는 프탈로나이트릴 1 g에 대하여 0.25 ∼ 4 cc 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응의 온도는 50 ∼ 200 ℃인 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 수소화 반응의 압력은 500 ∼ 1500 psig 인 것을 특징으로 하는 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050024601A KR100613404B1 (ko) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | 이미다졸류를 이용한 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법 |
JP2005366793A JP4388522B2 (ja) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-12-20 | イミダゾール類を溶媒として用いたキシリレンジアミンの製造方法 |
PCT/KR2005/004469 WO2006101302A2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-12-22 | Preparation of xylylendiamine using imidazole as a solvent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050024601A KR100613404B1 (ko) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | 이미다졸류를 이용한 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR100613404B1 true KR100613404B1 (ko) | 2006-08-17 |
Family
ID=37024239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050024601A KR100613404B1 (ko) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | 이미다졸류를 이용한 자일렌다이아민의 제조방법 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4388522B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100613404B1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2006101302A2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101442716B1 (ko) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-09-24 | 케이에스랩(주) | 자일릴렌디아민의 제조방법 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1164354A (en) | 1966-07-04 | 1969-09-17 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for the Hydrogenation of Nitriles. |
JPS62289556A (ja) | 1986-06-10 | 1987-12-16 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | チオエ−テル結合を有する芳香族ジアミンの製造法 |
US4937322A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1990-06-26 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Crystallized semiaromatic polyamides having high Tg and Tm less than 290 degree C. from hindered aromatic diamine and branched chain aliphatic diamine |
US5206438A (en) | 1989-10-24 | 1993-04-27 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Aromatic diamine compounds, bismaleimide compounds, thermosetting resin forming compositions therefrom, resins therefrom, and methods for their preparation |
KR20020024564A (ko) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-03-30 | 오오히라 아키라 | 크실일렌디아민 제조방법 |
JP2003026639A (ja) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 高純度メタキシリレンジアミンの製造方法 |
WO2005026102A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von xylylendiamin (xda) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6476267B1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2002-11-05 | Sagami Chemical Research Center | Process for producing aromatic primary amine by low-pressure |
DE10341615A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-04-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xylylendiamin |
-
2005
- 2005-03-24 KR KR1020050024601A patent/KR100613404B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-20 JP JP2005366793A patent/JP4388522B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-22 WO PCT/KR2005/004469 patent/WO2006101302A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1164354A (en) | 1966-07-04 | 1969-09-17 | Toyo Rayon Co Ltd | Process for the Hydrogenation of Nitriles. |
JPS62289556A (ja) | 1986-06-10 | 1987-12-16 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | チオエ−テル結合を有する芳香族ジアミンの製造法 |
US4937322A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1990-06-26 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Crystallized semiaromatic polyamides having high Tg and Tm less than 290 degree C. from hindered aromatic diamine and branched chain aliphatic diamine |
US5206438A (en) | 1989-10-24 | 1993-04-27 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Aromatic diamine compounds, bismaleimide compounds, thermosetting resin forming compositions therefrom, resins therefrom, and methods for their preparation |
KR20020024564A (ko) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-03-30 | 오오히라 아키라 | 크실일렌디아민 제조방법 |
JP2003026639A (ja) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 高純度メタキシリレンジアミンの製造方法 |
WO2005026102A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von xylylendiamin (xda) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101442716B1 (ko) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-09-24 | 케이에스랩(주) | 자일릴렌디아민의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006265228A (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
WO2006101302A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
WO2006101302A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
JP4388522B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
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