JPWO2019188760A1 - 電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2019188760A1 JPWO2019188760A1 JP2020509948A JP2020509948A JPWO2019188760A1 JP WO2019188760 A1 JPWO2019188760 A1 JP WO2019188760A1 JP 2020509948 A JP2020509948 A JP 2020509948A JP 2020509948 A JP2020509948 A JP 2020509948A JP WO2019188760 A1 JPWO2019188760 A1 JP WO2019188760A1
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- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- electrochemical device
- conductive polymer
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明に係る電気化学デバイスの構成について、図面を参照しながら、より詳細に説明する。
正極集電体には、例えば、シート状の金属材料が用いられる。シート状の金属材料としては、例えば、金属箔、金属多孔体、パンチングメタル、エキスパンデッドメタル、エッチングメタルなどが用いられる。正極集電体111の材質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ニッケル、チタンなどを用いることができ、好ましくは、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金が用いられる。正極集電体の厚みは、例えば、10〜100μmである。
活性層113は、導電性高分子を含む。本実施形態において、導電性高分子は、ポリアニリン類を含む。活性層113は、例えば、正極集電体111を、導電性高分子の原料モノマー(即ち、アニリン)を含む反応液に浸漬し、正極集電体111の存在下で原料モノマーを電解重合することにより形成される。このとき、正極集電体111をアノードとして電解重合を行うことにより、導電性高分子を含む活性層113は、カーボン層112の表面を覆うように形成される。活性層113の厚みは、例えば、電解の電流密度や重合時間を適宜変えることで容易に制御することができる。活性層113の厚みは、例えば、10〜300μmである。ポリアニリンの重量平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、例えば1000〜100000である。
負極は、例えば負極集電体と負極材料層とを有する。
セパレータとしては、セルロース繊維製の不織布、ガラス繊維製の不織布、ポリオレフィン製の微多孔膜、織布、不織布などが好ましく用いられる。セパレータの厚みは、例えば10〜300μmであり、10〜40μmが好ましい。
電極群は、電解液を含む。
以下、本発明の電気化学デバイスの製造方法の一例について、図2および図3を参照しながら説明する。ただし、本発明の電気化学デバイスの製造方法はこれに限定されるものではない。
以下、実施例に基づいて、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
(1)正極の作製
厚さ30μmのアルミニウム箔を正極集電体として準備した。一方、アニリンおよび硫酸を含むアニリン水溶液を準備した。
厚さ20μmの銅箔を負極集電体として準備した。一方、ハードカーボン97質量部、カルボキシセルロース1質量部、および、スチレンブタジエンゴム2質量部とを混合した混合粉末と水とを重量比で40:60の割合で混錬した負極合剤ペーストを調製した。負極合剤ペーストを負極集電体の両面に塗布し、乾燥して、厚さ35μmの負極材料層を両面に有する負極を得た。次に、負極材料層に、プレドープ完了後の電解液中での負極電位が金属リチウムに対して0.2V以下となるように計算された分量の金属リチウム箔を貼り付けた。
正極と負極にそれぞれリードタブを接続した後、図3に示すように、セルロース製不織布のセパレータ(厚さ35μm)と、正極、負極とを、それぞれ、交互に重ね合わせた積層体を捲回して、電極群を形成した。
表1に示す混合割合で、主溶媒(第1溶媒)と副溶媒を混合して非水溶媒を調製した。さらに、表1に示す第2溶媒を添加した。第2溶媒の添加量は、第2溶媒を含む非水溶媒の全体に占める第2溶媒の割合が、表1に示す質量%となるようにした。得られた溶媒にリチウム塩としてLiPF6を所定濃度で溶解させ、電解液を調製した。
開口を有する有底の容器に、電極群と電解液とを収容し、図2に示すような電気化学デバイスを組み立てた。その後、正極と負極との端子間に3.8Vの充電電圧を印加しながら25℃で24時間エージングし、リチウムイオンの負極へのプレドープを進行させた。このようにして、電解液の組成が異なる電気化学デバイスA1〜A16、およびB1〜B3を作製した。なお、B1〜B3は比較例である。
電解液の調製において、γ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、およびプロピオン酸メチル(MP)を表2に示す混合割合で混合し、非水溶媒を調製した。続いて、第2溶媒としてビニレンカーボネート(VC)および無水コハク酸を、第2溶媒を含む非水溶媒の全体に対して、それぞれ2.5質量%となるように(すなわち、電気化学デバイスA16と同様にして)添加した。
(1)内部抵抗(DCR)
電気化学デバイスを3.6Vの電圧で充電した後、所定時間放電した際の電圧降下量から、初期の内部抵抗(初期DCR)を求め、電気化学デバイスB2の初期内部抵抗を100とした相対値で表した。評価結果を表3に示す。
電気化学デバイスを、60℃、3.6Vの条件で1000時間連続充電したときの抵抗値を測定し、連続充電前(初期)の抵抗値に対する変化率を、(1000時間充電後の抵抗値/初期の抵抗値)×100により算出した。算出した変化率を、電気化学デバイスB2の変化率を100とした相対値で表した。評価結果を表3に示す。
11:正極
111:正極集電体
112:カーボン層
113:活性層
12:負極
13:セパレータ
14:巻止めテープ
100:電気化学デバイス
101:容器
102:封口体
103:座板
104A、104B:リード線
105A、105B:リードタブ
Claims (8)
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極活物質を含む負極と、
電解液と、を備え、
前記正極活物質は、導電性ポリマーを含み、
前記電解液は、リチウム塩と、非水溶媒と、を含み、
前記非水溶媒は、第1溶媒と、第2溶媒と、を含み、
前記第1溶媒は、γ−ブチロラクトンであり、
前記第2溶媒は、不飽和環状炭酸エステルおよび環状カルボン酸無水物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、電気化学デバイス。 - 前記第2溶媒は、前記不飽和環状炭酸エステルおよび前記環状カルボン酸無水物の両方を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記不飽和環状炭酸エステルは、ビニレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記環状カルボン酸無水物は、無水マレイン酸および無水コハク酸よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記非水溶媒の全体に占める前記第2溶媒の割合は、0.1〜10質量%である。請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記非水溶媒は、エチレンカーボネートおよびプロピオン酸メチルよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記第2溶媒以外の前記非水溶媒に占める前記γ−ブチロラクトンの割合は、50質量%以上である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記導電性ポリマーは、ポリアニリン類を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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EP1816692A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-08 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Lithium/fluorinated carbon cell for high-rate pulsatile applications |
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JP2003132946A (ja) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-09 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 非水電解液およびそれを用いた二次電池 |
EP1816692A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-08 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Lithium/fluorinated carbon cell for high-rate pulsatile applications |
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