JPWO2018199087A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018199087A1 JPWO2018199087A1 JP2019514531A JP2019514531A JPWO2018199087A1 JP WO2018199087 A1 JPWO2018199087 A1 JP WO2018199087A1 JP 2019514531 A JP2019514531 A JP 2019514531A JP 2019514531 A JP2019514531 A JP 2019514531A JP WO2018199087 A1 JPWO2018199087 A1 JP WO2018199087A1
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- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methanamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSLGQFIDCADTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-dipropoxymethanamine Chemical compound CCCOC(N(C)C)OCCC NSLGQFIDCADTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(ethyldiazenyl)-4-methylaniline Chemical compound CCN=NNC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017144 n-butyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OURNLUUIQWKTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;phenol Chemical compound C1CO1.OC1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 OURNLUUIQWKTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYIRLFJPTCUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)OC CYIRLFJPTCUCJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
溶媒A:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N−エチル−2−ピロリドン、N−ブチル−2−ピロリドン、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン及び1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリジノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種
溶媒B:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、2−プロポキシエタノール、2−(2−プロポキシエトキシ)エタノール及び1−プロポキシ−2−プロパノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種。
溶媒C:エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート。
上記液晶配向剤に含有される特定溶媒は、溶媒A、溶媒B、及び溶媒Cを含有する。このような特定溶媒を特定重合体とともに含有する液晶配向剤は、配線構造やC/Hの影響で生じる配向膜の成膜不良を抑制でき、かつ液晶表示素子の表示が不均一となる不良を抑制でき、更には塗膜周辺部の形状安定性及び膜厚均一性を維持できる。
溶媒Aは、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N−エチル−2−ピロリドン、N−ブチル−2−ピロリドン、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン及び1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリジノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。溶媒Aは、液晶配向剤中の重合体を溶解させるものである。なかでも、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N−エチル−2−ピロリドン、又はγ−ブチロラクトンが好ましく、より好ましくはN−メチル−2−ピロリドン又はγ−ブチロラクトンである。すなわち、溶媒Aは、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン又はγ−ブチロラクトンの少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。液晶配向剤中の重合体の溶解性等の観点から、溶媒Aの含有量は、液晶配向剤の全質量に対し、20〜80質量%が好ましく、30〜80質量%がより好ましく、50〜80質量%が特に好ましい。
溶媒Bは、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、2−プロポキシエタノール、2−(2−プロポキシエトキシ)エタノール及び1−プロポキシ−2−プロパノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の溶媒である。溶媒Bは、液晶配向剤の塗布均一性の向上に寄与する溶媒である。溶媒Bは、液晶配向剤の全質量に対し、1〜30質量%が好ましく5〜30質量%がより好ましく、10〜30質量%が特に好ましい。
溶媒Cは、エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネートである。溶媒Cは、液晶配向剤の成膜性及び形状安定性に寄与する溶媒である。溶媒Cは、液晶配向剤の全質量に対し、5〜30質量%が好ましく、10〜30質量%がより好ましく、10〜20質量%が特に好ましい。
液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合体であるポリイミド前駆体は、下式(1)で表される構造を有することが好ましい。
ポリイミド前駆体の製造に用いられるジアミン成分は特に限定されないが、上記式(1)で表されるポリイミド前駆体の原料であるジアミンは、下式(2)で表わされる。
ポリイミド前駆体の製造に用いられるテトラカルボン酸誘導体は特に限定されないが、上記式(1)で表されるポリイミド前駆体の原料であるテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分としては、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、その誘導体である、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド化合物、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドが挙げられる。テトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体としては、なかでも、下式(3)で表されるものが好ましい。
<ポリアミック酸エステルの製造方法>
ポリイミド前駆体の一つであるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)、(2)又は(3)の方法で製造できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成できる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶剤の存在下で−20〜150℃、好ましくは0〜50℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜4時間反応させることによって合成できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとを塩基と有機溶剤の存在下で−20〜150℃、好ましくは0〜50℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶剤の存在下で0〜150℃、好ましくは0〜100℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは3〜15時間反応させることによって製造できる。
ポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸は、以下に示す方法で製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを有機溶媒の存在下、−20〜150℃、好ましくは0〜50℃で、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜12時間反応させることによって合成できる。
ポリイミドは、前記ポリアミック酸エステル又はポリアミック酸をイミド化することにより製造できる。ポリアミック酸エステルからポリイミドを製造する場合、前記ポリアミック酸エステル溶液、又はポリアミック酸エステル樹脂粉末を有機溶媒に溶解させて得られるポリアミック酸溶液に塩基性触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の過程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
本発明の一態様である液晶配向剤は、特定重合体を含む重合体が特定溶媒を含む有機溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドの分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000〜500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000〜300,000であり、更に好ましくは、10,000〜100,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、1,000〜250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500〜150,000であり、更に好ましくは、5,000〜50,000である。
液晶配向剤における溶媒は、上記特定溶媒以外の溶媒(以下、その他の溶媒ともいう。)を含有できる。その他の溶媒としては、ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドを溶解する溶媒(良溶媒ともいう)や、液晶配向剤を塗布した際の液晶配向膜の塗膜性や表面平滑性を向上させる溶媒(貧溶媒ともいう)を含有させても良い。下記に、その他の溶媒の具体例を挙げるが、これらの例に限定されるものではない。
本発明の一態様である液晶配向膜は、上記の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥、焼成して得られる膜である。液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。その際、液晶を駆動させるためのITO電極等が形成された基板を用いると、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
(有機溶媒)
NMP:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン
GBL:γ−ブチロラクトン
PB:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
S−1:2−プロポキシエタノール
S−2:2−(2−プロポキシエトキシ)エタノール
S−3:1−プロポキシ−2−プロパノール
EEP:エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート
DPM:ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
酸二無水物(A):下式(A)
酸二無水物(B):下式(B)
酸二無水物(C):下式(C)
DA−1:下式(DA−1)
DA−2:下式(DA−2)
DA−3:下式(DA−3)
調製した液晶配向剤の、基板への印刷性を評価した。評価は以下のように行った。まず、調製した液晶配向剤について、インクジェット印刷機(株式会社石井表記、IP−1212NC1180L)を用い、以下の条件で試験を行った。
スキャンスピード:250mm/秒
レベリング:35秒、23℃
塗布面積:65×75 mm
液の濡れ広がり性は、TFT基板を用い、同じレベリング時間内に液がC/Hに流れ込むスピードを比較した。レベリング時間内にC/Hが塗布された場合を○、塗布されなかった場合を×とした。
下記の合成例において、ポリアミック酸エステル及びポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TV−25H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、CORD−1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの2000mlフラスコに(DA−1)を71.6g入れ、NMPを619.4g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら(A)を49.1g加え、更に固形分濃度が12質量%になるようにNMPを265.5g加え、窒素雰囲気下、50℃で加熱しながら20時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA−1)の溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液の25℃における粘度をE型粘度計で確認したところ、84.5mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの2000mlフラスコに(DA−2)を47.8g入れ、NMPを174.4g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら(C)を18.0g加え、NMP261.6gを加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温にて2時間撹拌した。更に、(DA−3)を11.9g加えた後、NMPを174.4g加え、 窒素雰囲気下、室温にて30分撹拌した。その後、(B)を41.2gと、NMPを261.6gと、を加え、50℃で加熱しながら20時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸(PAA−2)の溶液を得た。ポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液の25℃における粘度をE型粘度計で確認したところ、72.7mPa・sであった。
1000mLの三角フラスコに、ポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、BCS120gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:BCS=4.5:30:35.5:30(質量%)の溶液(AL−1)を400.0g得た。
1000mLの三角フラスコにポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、BCS60g、DPM60gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:BCS:DPM=4.5:30:35.5:15:15(質量%)の溶液(AL−2)を400.0g得た。
1000mLの三角フラスコにポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、PB60g、EEP60gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:PB:EEP=4.5:30:35.5:15:15(質量%)の溶液(AL−3)を400.0g得た。
1000mLの三角フラスコにポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、(S−1)60g、EEP60gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:(S−1):EEP=4.5:30:35.5:15:15(質量%)の溶液(AL−4)を400.0g得た。
1000mLの三角フラスコにポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、(S−2)60g、EEP60gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:(S−2):EEP=4.5:30:35.5:15:15(質量%)の溶液(AL−5)を400.0g得た。
1000mLの三角フラスコにポリアミック酸(PAA−1)溶液30.0gとポリアミック酸(PAA−2)溶液144g、NMP10.8g、GBL77.2g、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランが1.0質量%入ったNMP溶液18g、(S−3)60g、EEP60gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。固形分:NMP:GBL:(S−3):EEP=4.5:30:35.5:15:15(質量%)の溶液(AL−6)を400.0g得た。
Claims (12)
- ポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体と、下記溶媒A、溶媒B及び溶媒Cを含有する溶媒と、を含有する液晶配向剤。
溶媒A:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N−エチル−2−ピロリドン、N−ブチル−2−ピロリドン、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン及び1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリジノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種。
溶媒B:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、2−プロポキシエタノール、2−(2−プロポキシエトキシ)エタノール及び1−プロポキシ−2−プロパノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種。
溶媒C:エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート。 - 前記溶媒Aが、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン又はγ−ブチロラクトンの少なくとも1種を含む請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記溶媒Aが、液晶配向剤の全質量に対して、20〜80質量%含有される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記溶媒Bが、液晶配向剤の全質量に対して、1〜30質量%含有される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記溶媒Cが、液晶配向剤の全質量に対して、5〜30質量%含有される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 液晶配向剤の全質量に対して、前記溶媒Aが、50質量%以上であり、前記溶媒Bが10〜30質量%であり、前記溶媒Cが10〜20質量%含有される請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記溶媒B及び前記溶媒Cの合計が、液晶配向剤の全質量に対して、10〜60質量%含有され、かつ前記溶媒Bが、前記溶媒Cよりも多く含有される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記溶媒Bが、前記溶媒Cよりも1〜20質量%多く含有される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- インクジェット法により成膜可能な請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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