JPWO2017014028A1 - Production method of biomass fuel - Google Patents

Production method of biomass fuel Download PDF

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JPWO2017014028A1
JPWO2017014028A1 JP2017529530A JP2017529530A JPWO2017014028A1 JP WO2017014028 A1 JPWO2017014028 A1 JP WO2017014028A1 JP 2017529530 A JP2017529530 A JP 2017529530A JP 2017529530 A JP2017529530 A JP 2017529530A JP WO2017014028 A1 JPWO2017014028 A1 JP WO2017014028A1
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palm oil
product
desalting
crushing
treatment
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鈴木　崇幸
崇幸 鈴木
靖▲訓▼ 田中
靖▲訓▼ 田中
裕司 福田
裕司 福田
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KABUSHIKIKAISHA KANSAI SAISIGEN NETWORK
REMATEC HOLDINGS CORPORATION
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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KABUSHIKIKAISHA KANSAI SAISIGEN NETWORK
REMATEC HOLDINGS CORPORATION
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Abstract

【課題】粗パーム油搾油行程で発生する副産物（パーム油副産物）を簡便に燃料化すると共に、製造した燃料の輸送効率等を向上させる。【解決手段】前記パーム油副産物を水洗して脱塩する水洗脱塩工程と、水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物を破砕する破砕工程と、破砕処理後のパーム油副産物を成型する成型工程とを備えるバイオマス燃料の製造方法。水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物の塩素含有量を１０００ｐｐｍ未満とし、水洗脱塩工程において回転撹拌式の連続洗浄機を用い、乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物の水分が２０質量％以下、破砕処理後のパーム油副産物の長繊維長が１０ｍｍ以下、成型工程により得られる成型体の嵩密度が０．６５ｋｇ／Ｌ以上、成型体の圧縮強度が１．５Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上とすることが好ましい。【選択図】図１A by-product (palm oil by-product) generated in a crude palm oil extraction process is easily converted into fuel, and the transportation efficiency of the produced fuel is improved. A water washing and desalting step for washing and desalting the palm oil byproduct, a drying step for drying the palm oil byproduct after the water washing and desalting treatment, and a crushing for crushing the palm oil byproduct after the drying treatment. The manufacturing method of biomass fuel provided with a process and the shaping | molding process which shape | molds the palm oil by-product after a crushing process. The chlorine content of the palm oil by-product after the water washing and desalting treatment is less than 1000 ppm. The long fiber length of the palm oil by-product after the crushing treatment is preferably 10 mm or less, the bulk density of the molded product obtained by the molding process is 0.65 kg / L or more, and the compression strength of the molded product is preferably 1.5 N / mm 2 or more. . [Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、バイオマス燃料の製造方法に関し、特に、粗パーム油搾油行程で発生する副産物を燃料化する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing biomass fuel, and more particularly, to a method for fuelizing a byproduct generated in a crude palm oil extraction process.

アブラヤシの果実の果肉や種子からは油脂が採れるため、パーム油産業において、ＥＦＢ（Empty Fruit Bunch）と呼ばれるアブラヤシの空果房（以下「ＥＦＢ」という。）や、種子の周囲に存在するメソカープファイバー（Mesocarp Fibre、中果肉繊維。以下単に「ファイバー」という）が副産物として多量に発生する。本明細書においては、これらの副産物を総称して「パーム油副産物」という。このパーム副産物は、高発熱量を有する一方で塩素含有率が高く有効な利用方法がないことから、パーム油生産地域において廃棄、放置されていた。しかし、このパーム油副産物が腐敗すると、異臭を放つと共に、温室効果ガスが生じるため、パーム油生産地域での環境問題の一因となっている。   Since oil and fat is extracted from the fruit and seeds of oil palm fruit, in the palm oil industry, there is an empty fruit bunch (hereinafter referred to as “EFB”) called EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch) and mesocarps that exist around the seeds. A large amount of fiber (Mesocarp Fiber) is produced as a by-product. In the present specification, these by-products are collectively referred to as “palm oil by-products”. Since this palm by-product has a high calorific value, but has a high chlorine content and no effective usage, it has been discarded and left in palm oil production areas. However, when this palm oil by-product rots, it emits a strange odor and generates greenhouse gases, which contributes to environmental problems in the palm oil production area.

一般的に、塩素含有物の塩素含有量を低減させるためには水洗脱塩が有効であるが、通常の水洗方法ではパーム油副産物をバイオマス燃料等として利用可能なレベルまで脱塩することは困難であった。   In general, water demineralization is effective for reducing the chlorine content of chlorine-containing products, but it is not possible to demineralize palm oil by-products to a level that can be used as biomass fuel, etc., with ordinary water washing methods. It was difficult.

そこで、特許文献１には、ＥＦＢ等のバイオマスに含まれる塩素等を除去し、バイオマスをボイラ装置に適した固形燃料に改質する燃料改質装置と、燃焼炉を有するボイラ装置とを備えたボイラ設備が提案されている。   Therefore, Patent Document 1 includes a fuel reformer that removes chlorine and the like contained in biomass such as EFB, and reforms the biomass into solid fuel suitable for the boiler device, and a boiler device that has a combustion furnace. Boiler equipment has been proposed.

日本特開２００９-１９１２２９号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-191229

しかし、上記特許文献１に記載の技術では、連続して多量のバイオマスを処理する場合、機器点数の増加によって設備コストが増加し、工程が複雑化するという問題があった。   However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, when a large amount of biomass is continuously processed, there is a problem that the equipment cost increases due to an increase in the number of equipment and the process becomes complicated.

さらに、同文献に記載の発明は、乾燥したＥＦＢ等のバイオマスをそのまま燃料とするため、特に乾燥後のＥＦＢ等を遠隔地で利用する場合には、燃料の定量供給性及び燃焼安定性が低く、さらにハンドリング性や輸送効率も悪いという問題がある。   Furthermore, since the invention described in the same document uses dried EFB or the like as fuel as fuel as it is, especially when the dried EFB or the like is used in a remote place, the quantitative supply of fuel and the combustion stability are low. Furthermore, there is a problem that handling property and transportation efficiency are also poor.

そこで、本発明は、低コストで、多量のパーム油副産物を簡便に燃料化することができると共に、製造した燃料の輸送効率等を向上させることを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to easily produce a large amount of palm oil by-product at low cost and improve the transportation efficiency of the produced fuel.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係るバイオマス燃料の製造方法は、パーム油副産物を水洗して脱塩する水洗脱塩工程と、水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物を破砕する破砕工程と、破砕処理後のパーム油副産物を成型する成型工程とを備えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing biomass fuel according to the present invention includes a water washing and desalting step for washing and desalting palm oil by-products, and a drying step for drying the palm oil by-product after washing and desalting. And a crushing step for crushing the palm oil by-product after the drying treatment, and a molding step for shaping the palm oil by-product after the crushing treatment.

本発明によれば、水洗脱塩工程を備えるため、パーム原油搾油工程が運転されていない場合でもパーム油副産物の水洗脱塩を行うことができる。また、乾燥工程の後段に破砕工程を設けたため、破砕後の成型工程においてパーム油副産物の成型が容易になると共に、パーム油副産物を成型することで、燃料のハンドリング性や輸送効率を向上させることができると共に、燃料の定量供給性及び燃焼安定性を高めることができる。   According to the present invention, since the water washing and desalting step is provided, the palm oil by-product can be washed and desalted even when the palm crude oil extraction step is not operated. In addition, since the crushing process is provided after the drying process, the palm oil by-product can be easily molded in the molding process after crushing, and the palm oil by-product is molded to improve fuel handling and transport efficiency. In addition, it is possible to improve the fuel supply and combustion stability.

上記バイオマス燃焼の製造方法において、前記水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物の塩素含有量を１０００ｐｐｍ未満とすることができる。これによって、成型後のパーム油副産物をボイラ等の燃料として利用した場合の設備腐食等を防止することができる。   In the method for producing biomass combustion, the chlorine content of the palm oil by-product after the water washing and desalting treatment can be less than 1000 ppm. This can prevent equipment corrosion or the like when the palm oil by-product after molding is used as fuel for a boiler or the like.

また、回転撹拌式の連続洗浄機を用いることで、多量のパーム油副産物を効率よく水洗脱塩することができ、運転コストを低減することができる。   Further, by using a rotary stirring type continuous washer, a large amount of palm oil by-product can be efficiently washed with water and desalted, and the operating cost can be reduced.

前記乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物の水分を２０質量％以下とすることでパーム油副産物の破砕及び成型を容易にすることができる。また、乾燥によって熱量密度を高めることができる。さらに、前記破砕処理後のパーム油副産物の長繊維長を１０ｍｍ以下とすることでパーム油副産物の成型を容易にすることができる。   By making the moisture of the palm oil by-product after the drying treatment 20% by mass or less, the palm oil by-product can be easily crushed and molded. In addition, the heat density can be increased by drying. Furthermore, the palm oil by-product can be easily molded by setting the long fiber length of the palm oil by-product after the crushing treatment to 10 mm or less.

前記成型工程により得られる成型体の嵩密度を０．６５ｋｇ／Ｌ以上とすることができる。これにより、燃料（成型体）の船舶や車両での輸送効率をより一層向上させ、輸送コストを低減することができる。   The bulk density of the molded body obtained by the molding step can be 0.65 kg / L or more. Thereby, the transportation efficiency of the fuel (molded body) in the ship or vehicle can be further improved, and the transportation cost can be reduced.

また、この成型体の圧縮強度を１．５Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上とすることができる。これにより、燃料のハンドリング性をより一層向上させることができる。Further, the compression strength of the molded body can be 1.5 N / mm 2 or more. Thereby, the handling property of the fuel can be further improved.

以上のように、本発明によれば、低コストで、多量のパーム油副産物を簡便に燃料化することができると共に、製造した燃料の輸送効率等を向上させることが可能となる。   As described above, according to the present invention, a large amount of palm oil by-product can be easily converted into fuel at low cost, and the transportation efficiency of the produced fuel can be improved.

本発明に係るバイオマス燃料の製造方法を説明するためのブロック図である。It is a block diagram for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the biomass fuel which concerns on this invention.

次に、本発明を実施するための形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Next, an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

本発明に係るバイオマス燃料の製造方法は、図１に示すように、水洗脱塩工程、乾燥工程、破砕工程及び成型工程の４つの工程からなる。尚、図中の「Ｅ」はＥＦＢを示す。   As shown in FIG. 1, the method for producing biomass fuel according to the present invention includes four steps of a water washing and desalting step, a drying step, a crushing step, and a molding step. In the figure, “E” indicates EFB.

水洗脱塩工程は、裁断済みのＥＦＢと、アブラヤシの種子から分離されたファイバーＦと、水洗用水としての工水Ｗとを、回転撹拌式の連続洗浄機であるドラムウォッシャーに供給し、ＥＦＢ及びファイバーＦの水洗脱塩処理を行う工程である。   In the water washing and desalting step, the cut EFB, the fiber F separated from the seeds of oil palm, and the industrial water W as water for washing are supplied to a drum washer which is a rotary washing type continuous washing machine. And a step of performing a water washing desalting treatment of the fiber F.

ドラムウォッシャーは、水平方向に延設された軸線又は水平方向から若干傾斜した軸線回りにドラム状の容器を回転させ、容器内の洗浄対象物と水等とを混合撹拌することで洗浄対象物を洗浄する。 このドラムウォッシャーを用いると多量のＥＦＢ及びファイバーを効率よく水洗脱塩することができ、運転コストを低減することができて好ましいが、ドラムウォッシャー以外にも撹拌槽等を備えた他の形式の水洗脱塩装置を使用することもできる。   The drum washer rotates the drum-shaped container around an axis extending in the horizontal direction or an axis slightly inclined from the horizontal direction, and mixes and agitates the object to be cleaned with water or the like in the container. Wash. When this drum washer is used, a large amount of EFB and fibers can be efficiently washed and desalted with water, and the operation cost can be reduced. However, in addition to the drum washer, other types having a stirring tank and the like are preferable. A water washing and desalting apparatus can also be used.

上記水洗脱塩工程により、水洗脱塩処理後の中間生成物Ｍ１の塩素含有量を１０００ｐｐｍ未満とすることが好ましい。これによって、成型後のパーム油副産物をボイラ等の燃料として利用した場合の設備腐食等を防止したり、石炭代替燃料としてセメント焼成装置等で利用した場合の工程トラブル等を回避することができる。水洗脱塩工程で生じた排水Ｄは、排水処理後下水道に放流する。   It is preferable that the chlorine content of the intermediate product M1 after the water washing and desalting treatment is less than 1000 ppm by the water washing and desalting step. As a result, it is possible to prevent equipment corrosion or the like when the molded palm oil by-product is used as a fuel for a boiler or the like, or to avoid a process trouble or the like when used as a coal alternative fuel in a cement baking apparatus or the like. The waste water D generated in the water washing and desalting process is discharged into the sewer after the waste water treatment.

乾燥工程は、水洗脱塩処理後の中間生成物Ｍ１を乾燥させて後段の処理を容易にしたり、成型後のパーム油副産物の品質を一定に維持するための工程であって、乾燥にはロータリードライヤーを利用したり、天日干しにて中間生成物Ｍ１を乾燥させる。この工程により、乾燥処理後の中間生成物Ｍ２の水分を２０質量％以下とすることが好ましい。   The drying step is a step for drying the intermediate product M1 after the water-desalting treatment to facilitate subsequent processing, or maintaining the quality of the palm oil by-product after molding, The intermediate product M1 is dried using a rotary dryer or sun-dried. By this step, it is preferable that the water content of the intermediate product M2 after the drying treatment is 20% by mass or less.

破砕工程は、乾燥処理後の中間生成物Ｍ２を破砕して後段の成型を容易にするための工程であって、破砕装置には、一軸、二軸破砕機等一般的に用いられるものを使用することができる。この工程により、破砕処理後の中間生成物Ｍ３の長繊維長を１０ｍｍ以下とすることが好ましい。   The crushing step is a step for crushing the intermediate product M2 after the drying process to facilitate subsequent molding, and the crushing apparatus uses a commonly used one such as a uniaxial or biaxial crusher. can do. By this step, it is preferable that the long fiber length of the intermediate product M3 after the crushing treatment is 10 mm or less.

成型工程は、破砕処理後の中間生成物Ｍ３をブリケッティングプレスに供給してブリケット化する工程である。この工程により、成型体として嵩密度が０．６５ｋｇ／Ｌ以上、圧縮強度が１．５Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上、熱量が３，８００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ以上の固形燃料Ｐを得ることができる。尚、ブリケッティングプレス以外にも、ペレッティングプレス等を用いて破砕処理後の中間生成物Ｍ３をペレット化することもでき、成型体の大きさは、輸送効率やハンドリング性を考慮して適宜決定することができる。成型体は、発電用のＣＦＢ（循環流動層）ボイラ装置等で固形燃料として用いたり、セメント焼成装置等で石炭代替燃料として使用することができる。The molding step is a step of briquetting by supplying the intermediate product M3 after the crushing process to a briquetting press. By this step, a solid fuel P having a bulk density of 0.65 kg / L or more, a compressive strength of 1.5 N / mm 2 or more, and a calorie of 3,800 kcal / kg or more can be obtained as a molded body. In addition to the briquetting press, the intermediate product M3 after the crushing treatment can be pelletized using a pelleting press or the like, and the size of the molded body is appropriately determined in consideration of transportation efficiency and handling properties. Can be determined. The molded body can be used as a solid fuel in a CFB (circulating fluidized bed) boiler device or the like for power generation, or can be used as a coal substitute fuel in a cement baking device or the like.

尚、水洗脱塩工程と乾燥工程の間に水洗脱塩処理後の中間生成物Ｍ１を圧搾脱水する脱水工程を追加してもよい。脱水装置には、スクリュープレス等を用いることができる。脱水工程を追加することで後段の乾燥を効率よく行うことができ、燃料の生産性を向上させることができる。   In addition, you may add the dehydration process which squeezes and dehydrates the intermediate product M1 after the water washing desalination process between a water washing desalting process and a drying process. A screw press etc. can be used for a dehydrating apparatus. By adding a dehydration step, subsequent drying can be performed efficiently, and fuel productivity can be improved.

また、上記実施の形態では、裁断済みのＥＦＢとファイバーＦとを水洗脱塩したが、裁断済みのＥＦＢのみを水洗脱塩し、乾燥工程、破砕工程、成型工程等を経て固形燃料化することもできる。   In the above embodiment, the cut EFB and the fiber F are washed and desalted. However, only the cut EFB is washed and desalted, and the solid fuel is obtained through a drying process, a crushing process, a molding process, and the like. You can also

Ｄ 排水
Ｅ ＥＦＢ
Ｆ ファイバー
Ｍ１〜Ｍ３ 中間生成物
Ｐ 製品
Ｗ 工水D Drainage E EFB
F Fiber M1-M3 Intermediate product P Product W Industrial water

Claims (7)

粗パーム油搾油行程で発生する副産物（パーム油副産物）を水洗して脱塩する水洗脱塩工程と、
水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、
乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物を破砕する破砕工程と、
破砕処理後のパーム油副産物を成型する成型工程とを備えることを特徴とするバイオマス燃料の製造方法。A water washing and desalting step of washing and desalting by-products (palm oil by-product) generated in the crude palm oil extraction process;
A drying step of drying the palm oil by-product after the water-desalting treatment;
Crushing step of crushing palm oil by-product after drying treatment;
A method for producing biomass fuel, comprising: a molding step of molding palm oil by-product after crushing treatment. 前記水洗脱塩処理後のパーム油副産物の塩素含有量が１０００ｐｐｍ未満であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。   The method for producing biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the chlorine content of the palm oil by-product after the water washing and desalting treatment is less than 1000 ppm. 前記水洗脱塩工程において、回転撹拌式の連続洗浄機を用いることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。   The method for producing biomass fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a rotary stirring type continuous washer is used in the water washing and desalting step. 前記乾燥処理後のパーム油副産物の水分が２０質量％以下であることを特徴とする請求項１、２又は３に記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。   The method for producing biomass fuel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the moisture of the palm oil by-product after the drying treatment is 20 mass% or less. 前記破砕処理後のパーム油副産物の長繊維長が１０ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。   The method for producing biomass fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a long fiber length of the palm oil by-product after the crushing treatment is 10 mm or less. 前記成型工程により得られる成型体の嵩密度が０．６５ｋｇ／Ｌ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至５のいずれかに記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。   The method for producing biomass fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a bulk density of the molded body obtained by the molding step is 0.65 kg / L or more. 前記成型工程により得られる成型体の圧縮強度が１．５Ｎ／ｍｍ2以上であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至６のいずれかに記載のバイオマス燃料の製造方法。The method for producing a biomass fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a compression strength of a molded body obtained by the molding step is 1.5 N / mm 2 or more.
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