WO2018193567A1 - Fuel production device and fuel production method - Google Patents

Fuel production device and fuel production method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018193567A1
WO2018193567A1 PCT/JP2017/015800 JP2017015800W WO2018193567A1 WO 2018193567 A1 WO2018193567 A1 WO 2018193567A1 JP 2017015800 W JP2017015800 W JP 2017015800W WO 2018193567 A1 WO2018193567 A1 WO 2018193567A1
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unit
biomass
bubbling
raw material
fuel production
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PCT/JP2017/015800
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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俊一朗 上野
美由紀 古澤
河西　英一
文彦 玉蟲
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株式会社Ihi
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Priority to PCT/JP2017/015800 priority Critical patent/WO2018193567A1/en
Publication of WO2018193567A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018193567A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.
  • Herbaceous biomass is, for example, empty fruit bunches (EFB: Empty ⁇ Bunch), palm coconut shell (PKS), etc., produced as a result of producing palm oil from palm coconut.
  • Woody biomass is wood, sawdust, bark, and the like.
  • biomass contains a relatively large amount of potassium (K) contained in ash compared to coal.
  • K potassium
  • Patent Document 1 a technique for removing potassium from biomass by depressurizing and dehydrating biomass, then adding water, and depressurizing and dehydrating again is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 1 could not sufficiently remove ash from biomass. Therefore, there is a demand for development of a technique for further removing ash such as potassium from biomass.
  • the present disclosure is intended to provide a fuel production apparatus and a fuel production method capable of further removing ash such as potassium from biomass.
  • a fuel manufacturing apparatus includes a storage tank that stores a solid-liquid mixture of a biomass raw material and water, and gas to the solid-liquid mixture stored in the storage tank. And a bubbling portion for bubbling.
  • the gas may include carbon dioxide.
  • a drying unit that dries the biomass material taken out from the storage tank with combustion exhaust gas, and the bubbling unit bubbling the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit. Good.
  • a fuel manufacturing method includes a step of generating a solid-liquid mixture of a biomass raw material and water, and a step of bubbling gas in the solid-liquid mixture.
  • EFB empty fruit bunch
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a fuel production apparatus 100.
  • solid flows such as biomass raw materials, pellets, and solid fuel are indicated by solid arrows, and a gas flow of combustion exhaust gas is indicated by broken arrows.
  • the fuel production apparatus 100 includes a sorting unit 110, a cleaning unit 120, a primary crushing unit 130, a drying unit 140, a secondary crushing unit 150, a pelletizer 160, and a cooling unit 170. Consists of including.
  • the sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass material into a biomass material having a predetermined size (for example, about 5 cm) or more and a biomass material having a size less than the predetermined size. Biomass raw materials of a predetermined size or larger sorted by the sorting unit 110 are conveyed to the subsequent cleaning unit 120.
  • the cleaning unit 120 cleans the biomass raw material. More specifically, the cleaning unit 120 includes a storage tank 122 and a bubbling unit 124. Water is stored (stored) in the storage tank 122, and a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more sorted by the sorting unit 110 is input. That is, the storage tank 122 stores a solid-liquid mixture of biomass raw material and water.
  • the bubbling unit 124 bubbles (supplies) gas to the solid-liquid mixture stored in the storage tank 122.
  • the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140 described later.
  • the primary crushing unit 130 crushes (primary crushing) the biomass material washed by the washing unit 120 (taken out of the storage tank 122) to about 5 cm, for example.
  • the biomass material crushed by the primary crushing unit 130 is conveyed to the drying unit 140 at the subsequent stage.
  • the drying unit 140 is dried with high-temperature combustion exhaust gas.
  • the combustion exhaust gas is a gas generated when fuel is burned in a combustion apparatus (not shown).
  • the drying unit 140 dries the biomass material crushed by the primary crushing unit 130 with the supplied combustion exhaust gas until the water content becomes about 10%.
  • the biomass material dried by the drying unit 140 is conveyed to the secondary crushing unit 150 at the subsequent stage.
  • the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material is supplied to the cleaning unit 120 (bubbling unit 124).
  • the secondary crushing unit 150 crushes (secondary crushing) the dried biomass material to about 1 cm, for example.
  • the biomass material crushed by the secondary crushing unit 150 is conveyed to the subsequent pelletizer 160.
  • the pelletizer 160 molds the secondary crushed biomass material to generate pellets (for example, a cylindrical shape).
  • the pellets generated by the pelletizer 160 are conveyed to the subsequent cooling unit 170.
  • the cooling unit 170 cools the pellet to room temperature (for example, about 25 ° C.) to obtain a solid fuel.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the fuel production method.
  • the fuel manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a sorting step S110, a cleaning step S120, a primary crushing step S130, a drying step S140, a secondary crushing step S150, a molding step S160, and a cooling step S170.
  • the sorting step S110 is a step in which the sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass material into a biomass material having a predetermined size or larger and a biomass material having a smaller size than the predetermined size.
  • the cleaning step S120 is a step in which the cleaning unit 120 cleans the selected biomass material having a predetermined size or more with water. Specifically, a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more is put into a storage tank 122 that stores water. And the bubbling part 124 bubbles combustion exhaust gas in the solid-liquid mixture of biomass raw material and water in the storage tank 122.
  • the primary crushing step S130 is a step in which the primary crushing unit 130 primarily crushes the washed biomass material.
  • the drying step S140 is a step in which the drying unit 140 dries the primary crushed biomass material with combustion exhaust gas.
  • the secondary crushing step S150 is a step in which the secondary crushing unit 150 secondarily crushes the dried biomass material.
  • the molding step S160 is a step in which the pelletizer 160 molds the biomass material that has been secondarily crushed into pellets.
  • the cooling step S170 is a step in which the cooling unit 170 cools the molded pellets to obtain a solid fuel.
  • the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the gas when the biomass raw material is washed with water. For this reason, a biomass raw material can be loosened with the bubbled gas, or a biomass raw material can be stirred. Thereby, it becomes possible to accelerate
  • the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140.
  • Combustion exhaust gas has a higher carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content than air. Therefore, the more the combustion exhaust gas is bubbled, the lower the pH of the water for washing the biomass raw material can be reduced to 7 or less (for example, about pH 5 to pH 6) (the water to be washed is made acidic). Since the amount of ash elution increases as the water to be washed becomes acidic, the ash can be efficiently removed from the biomass material.
  • the bubbling unit 124 burns the solid fuel produced from the washed biomass material by bubbling a gas containing carbon dioxide such as combustion exhaust gas and lowering the pH of water for washing the biomass material.
  • a gas containing carbon dioxide such as combustion exhaust gas
  • lowering the pH of water for washing the biomass material a situation in which air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are generated can be avoided.
  • the cost required for the medicine can be reduced.
  • the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material is higher than normal temperature (for example, 25 ° C.). Therefore, the bubbling part 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas, so that the temperature of the water can be made higher than room temperature. As the temperature of the water to be washed increases, the dissolution rate of the ash increases, so that the ash can be efficiently removed from the biomass raw material.
  • Example 2 When EFB is used as a biomass raw material and not washed (Comparative Example), washed with water while bubbling with air (Example 1), washed with water while bubbling with carbon dioxide (Example 2) The amount of ash was measured.
  • the ash content (dry weight) in the EFB was 4.2 wt% (wt%).
  • the amount of ash (dry weight) in EFB was 2.5% by weight (wt%).
  • the amount of ash (dry weight) in EFB was 1.6 wt% (wt%).
  • cleaning in Example 1 was pH 6.2.
  • cleaning in Example 2 was pH 5.1.
  • EFB has been described as an example of biomass raw material.
  • biomass raw material palm coconut shell (PKS), wood, sawdust, bark, and straw may be employed as the biomass material.
  • the configuration in which the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140 has been described as an example.
  • the bubbling unit 124 may bubble combustion exhaust gas generated in a facility different from the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100.
  • the bubbling unit 124 may bubble carbon dioxide or a gas containing carbon dioxide (for example, air).
  • the bubbling unit 124 may bubble nitrogen and argon.
  • the drying unit 140 has been described by taking as an example a configuration in which the biomass material is dried by high-temperature combustion exhaust gas.
  • the drying unit 140 may dry the biomass material with other high-temperature gas such as high-temperature air.
  • the bubbling unit 124 may bubble high-temperature gas after the biomass raw material is dried in the drying unit 140. Thereby, a biomass raw material can be loosened with the bubbled gas, or a biomass raw material can be stirred.
  • cleaning part 120 ie, the structure which carries out the primary crushing of the washed biomass raw material
  • the cleaning unit 120 may be provided after the primary crushing unit 130.
  • the primary crushing unit 130 primarily crushes a biomass material having a size larger than a predetermined size sorted by the sorting unit 110.
  • the present disclosure can be used for a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.

Abstract

This fuel production device 100 is provided with: a containing tank 122 that contains a solid-liquid mixture of a biomass raw material and water; and a bubbling unit 124 for bubbling a gas in the solid-liquid mixture contained in the containing tank.

Description

燃料製造装置、および、燃料製造方法Fuel production apparatus and fuel production method
　本開示は、燃料製造装置、および、燃料製造方法に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.
　近年、草本系バイオマス、木質系バイオマス等のリグノセルロース系のバイオマスを燃料として有効利用する技術が開発されている。草本系バイオマスは、例えば、パーム椰子からパーム油を生産した結果生じる空果房（ＥＦＢ：Empty Fruit Bunch）、パーム椰子殻（ＰＫＳ：Palm Kernel Shell）等である。木質系バイオマスは、木材、おがくず、樹皮等である。 In recent years, technologies for effectively using lignocellulosic biomass such as herbaceous biomass and woody biomass as fuel have been developed. Herbaceous biomass is, for example, empty fruit bunches (EFB: Empty 椰 Bunch), palm coconut shell (PKS), etc., produced as a result of producing palm oil from palm coconut. Woody biomass is wood, sawdust, bark, and the like.
　しかし、バイオマスは、灰中に含まれるカリウム（Ｋ）が、石炭と比べて相対的に多く含まれている。このため、石炭焚きボイラにおいて、バイオマスを石炭と混焼させた場合に、石炭のみを燃焼させた場合と比較して、灰（燃焼残渣）の融点が低下する。そうすると、灰が溶融して石炭焚きボイラの内壁に付着して、石炭焚きボイラの熱交換効率が低下してしまうという問題がある。 However, biomass contains a relatively large amount of potassium (K) contained in ash compared to coal. For this reason, in a coal fired boiler, when biomass is co-fired with coal, the melting point of ash (combustion residue) is lower than when only coal is combusted. If it does so, ash will fuse | melt and will adhere to the inner wall of a coal burning boiler, and there exists a problem that the heat exchange efficiency of a coal burning boiler will fall.
　そこで、バイオマスを圧搾脱水し、その後に加水し、再び圧搾脱水することで、バイオマスからカリウムを除去する技術が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１）。 Therefore, a technique for removing potassium from biomass by depressurizing and dehydrating biomass, then adding water, and depressurizing and dehydrating again is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).
特開２０１２－１５３７９０号公報JP 2012-153790 A
　上記特許文献１の技術では、バイオマスから灰分を十分に除去することができなかった。したがって、バイオマスからカリウム等の灰分をさらに除去する技術の開発が希求されている。 The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 could not sufficiently remove ash from biomass. Therefore, there is a demand for development of a technique for further removing ash such as potassium from biomass.
　本開示は、バイオマスからカリウム等の灰分をさらに除去することが可能な燃料製造装置、および、燃料製造方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present disclosure is intended to provide a fuel production apparatus and a fuel production method capable of further removing ash such as potassium from biomass.
　上記課題を解決するために、本開示の一態様にかかる燃料製造装置は、バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物を収容する収容槽と、前記収容槽内に収容された前記固液混合物にガスをバブリングするバブリング部と、を備える。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a fuel manufacturing apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a storage tank that stores a solid-liquid mixture of a biomass raw material and water, and gas to the solid-liquid mixture stored in the storage tank. And a bubbling portion for bubbling.
　また、前記ガスは、二酸化炭素を含んでもよい。 Further, the gas may include carbon dioxide.
　また、前記収容槽から取り出された前記バイオマス原料を、燃焼排ガスで乾燥させる乾燥部を備え、前記バブリング部は、前記乾燥部において前記バイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の前記燃焼排ガスをバブリングしてもよい。 In addition, a drying unit that dries the biomass material taken out from the storage tank with combustion exhaust gas, and the bubbling unit bubbling the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit. Good.
　上記課題を解決するために、本開示の一態様にかかる燃料製造方法は、バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物を生成する工程と、前記固液混合物にガスをバブリングする工程と、を含む。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a fuel manufacturing method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of generating a solid-liquid mixture of a biomass raw material and water, and a step of bubbling gas in the solid-liquid mixture.
　バイオマスからカリウム等の灰分をさらに除去することが可能となる。 It becomes possible to further remove ash such as potassium from biomass.
燃料製造装置を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining a fuel manufacturing apparatus. 燃料製造方法の処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of a fuel manufacturing method.
　以下に添付図面を参照しながら、本開示の実施形態について詳細に説明する。実施形態に示す寸法、材料、その他具体的な数値等は、理解を容易とするための例示にすぎず、特に断る場合を除き、本開示を限定するものではない。なお、本明細書および図面において、実質的に同一の機能、構成を有する要素については、同一の符号を付することにより重複説明を省略する。また本開示に直接関係のない要素は図示を省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding, and do not limit the present disclosure unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Also, illustration of elements not directly related to the present disclosure is omitted.
（燃料製造装置１００）
　本実施形態では、バイオマス原料として、ＥＦＢ（空果房）を例に挙げて説明する。 (Fuel production apparatus 100)
In the present embodiment, EFB (empty fruit bunch) will be described as an example of a biomass raw material.
　図１は、燃料製造装置１００を説明する図である。図１中、バイオマス原料、ペレット、固体燃料等の固体の流れを実線の矢印で示し、燃焼排ガスの気体の流れを破線の矢印で示す。図１に示すように、燃料製造装置１００は、選別部１１０と、洗浄部１２０と、一次破砕部１３０と、乾燥部１４０と、二次破砕部１５０と、ペレタイザ１６０と、冷却部１７０とを含んで構成される。 FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a fuel production apparatus 100. In FIG. 1, solid flows such as biomass raw materials, pellets, and solid fuel are indicated by solid arrows, and a gas flow of combustion exhaust gas is indicated by broken arrows. As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel production apparatus 100 includes a sorting unit 110, a cleaning unit 120, a primary crushing unit 130, a drying unit 140, a secondary crushing unit 150, a pelletizer 160, and a cooling unit 170. Consists of including.
　選別部１１０は、バイオマス原料を、所定の大きさ（例えば、５ｃｍ程度）以上のバイオマス原料と、所定の大きさ未満のバイオマス原料とに選別する。選別部１１０によって選別された所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料は、後段の洗浄部１２０に搬送される。 The sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass material into a biomass material having a predetermined size (for example, about 5 cm) or more and a biomass material having a size less than the predetermined size. Biomass raw materials of a predetermined size or larger sorted by the sorting unit 110 are conveyed to the subsequent cleaning unit 120.
　洗浄部１２０は、バイオマス原料を洗浄する。具体的に説明すると、洗浄部１２０は、収容槽１２２と、バブリング部１２４とを含んで構成される。収容槽１２２には、水が収容（貯留）されており、選別部１１０によって選別された、所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料が投入される。つまり、収容槽１２２は、バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物を収容する。 The cleaning unit 120 cleans the biomass raw material. More specifically, the cleaning unit 120 includes a storage tank 122 and a bubbling unit 124. Water is stored (stored) in the storage tank 122, and a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more sorted by the sorting unit 110 is input. That is, the storage tank 122 stores a solid-liquid mixture of biomass raw material and water.
　バブリング部１２４は、収容槽１２２内に収容された固液混合物にガスをバブリング（供給）する。本実施形態において、バブリング部１２４は、後述する乾燥部１４０において、バイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の燃焼排ガスをバブリングする。 The bubbling unit 124 bubbles (supplies) gas to the solid-liquid mixture stored in the storage tank 122. In the present embodiment, the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140 described later.
　一次破砕部１３０は、洗浄部１２０によって洗浄された（収容槽１２２から取り出された）バイオマス原料を、例えば５ｃｍ程度に破砕（一次破砕）する。一次破砕部１３０によって破砕されたバイオマス原料は、後段の乾燥部１４０に搬送される。 The primary crushing unit 130 crushes (primary crushing) the biomass material washed by the washing unit 120 (taken out of the storage tank 122) to about 5 cm, for example. The biomass material crushed by the primary crushing unit 130 is conveyed to the drying unit 140 at the subsequent stage.
　乾燥部１４０では、高温の燃焼排ガスによって乾燥がなされている。なお、燃焼排ガスは、不図示の燃焼装置において燃料を燃焼させた際に発生するガスである。乾燥部１４０は、一次破砕部１３０によって破砕されたバイオマス原料を、供給された燃焼排ガスで含水率１０％程度となるまで乾燥させる。乾燥部１４０によって乾燥されたバイオマス原料は、後段の二次破砕部１５０に搬送される。乾燥部１４０において、バイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の燃焼排ガスは、洗浄部１２０（バブリング部１２４）に供給される。 The drying unit 140 is dried with high-temperature combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas is a gas generated when fuel is burned in a combustion apparatus (not shown). The drying unit 140 dries the biomass material crushed by the primary crushing unit 130 with the supplied combustion exhaust gas until the water content becomes about 10%. The biomass material dried by the drying unit 140 is conveyed to the secondary crushing unit 150 at the subsequent stage. In the drying unit 140, the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material is supplied to the cleaning unit 120 (bubbling unit 124).
　二次破砕部１５０は、乾燥されたバイオマス原料を、例えば１ｃｍ程度に破砕（二次破砕）する。二次破砕部１５０によって破砕されたバイオマス原料は、後段のペレタイザ１６０に搬送される。 The secondary crushing unit 150 crushes (secondary crushing) the dried biomass material to about 1 cm, for example. The biomass material crushed by the secondary crushing unit 150 is conveyed to the subsequent pelletizer 160.
　ペレタイザ１６０は、二次破砕されたバイオマス原料を成型して、ペレット（例えば、円柱形状）を生成する。ペレタイザ１６０によって生成されたペレットは、後段の冷却部１７０に搬送される。冷却部１７０は、ペレットを常温（例えば、２５℃程度）まで冷却して固体燃料とする。 The pelletizer 160 molds the secondary crushed biomass material to generate pellets (for example, a cylindrical shape). The pellets generated by the pelletizer 160 are conveyed to the subsequent cooling unit 170. The cooling unit 170 cools the pellet to room temperature (for example, about 25 ° C.) to obtain a solid fuel.
（燃料製造方法）
　続いて、燃料製造装置１００を用いた燃料製造方法について説明する。図２は、燃料製造方法の処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。図２に示すように、本実施形態の燃料製造方法は、選別工程Ｓ１１０、洗浄工程Ｓ１２０、一次破砕工程Ｓ１３０、乾燥工程Ｓ１４０、二次破砕工程Ｓ１５０、成型工程Ｓ１６０、冷却工程Ｓ１７０を含む。 (Fuel production method)
Next, a fuel manufacturing method using the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the fuel production method. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a sorting step S110, a cleaning step S120, a primary crushing step S130, a drying step S140, a secondary crushing step S150, a molding step S160, and a cooling step S170.
（選別工程Ｓ１１０）
　選別工程Ｓ１１０は、選別部１１０が、バイオマス原料を、所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料と、所定の大きさ未満のバイオマス原料とに選別する工程である。 (Sorting step S110)
The sorting step S110 is a step in which the sorting unit 110 sorts the biomass material into a biomass material having a predetermined size or larger and a biomass material having a smaller size than the predetermined size.
（洗浄工程Ｓ１２０）
　洗浄工程Ｓ１２０は、洗浄部１２０が、選別された、所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料を水で洗浄する工程である。具体的には、所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料が、水を収容した収容槽１２２に投入される。そして、バブリング部１２４が、収容槽１２２内の、バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物に燃焼排ガスをバブリングする。 (Washing step S120)
The cleaning step S120 is a step in which the cleaning unit 120 cleans the selected biomass material having a predetermined size or more with water. Specifically, a biomass raw material having a predetermined size or more is put into a storage tank 122 that stores water. And the bubbling part 124 bubbles combustion exhaust gas in the solid-liquid mixture of biomass raw material and water in the storage tank 122.
（一次破砕工程Ｓ１３０）
　一次破砕工程Ｓ１３０は、一次破砕部１３０が、洗浄されたバイオマス原料を一次破砕する工程である。 (Primary crushing step S130)
The primary crushing step S130 is a step in which the primary crushing unit 130 primarily crushes the washed biomass material.
（乾燥工程Ｓ１４０）
　乾燥工程Ｓ１４０は、乾燥部１４０が、一次破砕されたバイオマス原料を燃焼排ガスで乾燥させる工程である。 (Drying step S140)
The drying step S140 is a step in which the drying unit 140 dries the primary crushed biomass material with combustion exhaust gas.
（二次破砕工程Ｓ１５０）
　二次破砕工程Ｓ１５０は、二次破砕部１５０が、乾燥されたバイオマス原料を二次破砕する工程である。 (Secondary crushing step S150)
The secondary crushing step S150 is a step in which the secondary crushing unit 150 secondarily crushes the dried biomass material.
（成型工程Ｓ１６０）
　成型工程Ｓ１６０は、ペレタイザ１６０が、二次破砕されたバイオマス原料をペレットに成型する工程である。 (Molding step S160)
The molding step S160 is a step in which the pelletizer 160 molds the biomass material that has been secondarily crushed into pellets.
（冷却工程Ｓ１７０）
　冷却工程Ｓ１７０は、冷却部１７０が、成型されたペレットを冷却して固体燃料とする工程である。 (Cooling step S170)
The cooling step S170 is a step in which the cooling unit 170 cools the molded pellets to obtain a solid fuel.
　以上説明したように、本実施形態の燃料製造装置１００およびこれを用いた燃料製造方法では、バイオマス原料を水で洗浄する際に、バブリング部１２４がガスをバブリングする。このため、バブリングされたガスによってバイオマス原料をほぐしたり、バイオマス原料を攪拌したりすることができる。これにより、バイオマス原料に含まれる灰分（カリウム等）の水への溶解を促進させることが可能となる。したがって、バイオマス原料を、バブリングせずに水のみで洗浄する従来技術と比較して、さらに灰分を除去することができる。 As described above, in the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100 and the fuel manufacturing method using the same according to the present embodiment, the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the gas when the biomass raw material is washed with water. For this reason, a biomass raw material can be loosened with the bubbled gas, or a biomass raw material can be stirred. Thereby, it becomes possible to accelerate | stimulate melt | dissolution to the water of ash content (potassium etc.) contained in a biomass raw material. Therefore, ash can be further removed as compared with the conventional technique in which the biomass material is washed only with water without bubbling.
　また、バブリング部１２４は、乾燥部１４０においてバイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の燃焼排ガスをバブリングする。燃焼排ガスは、空気と比較して二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）の含有率が高い。このため、燃焼排ガスをバブリングすればするほど、バイオマス原料を洗浄する水のｐＨを７以下（例えばｐＨ５～ｐＨ６程度）に低下させる（洗浄する水を酸性とする）ことができる。洗浄する水が酸性になるほど灰分の溶出量は増加することから、バイオマス原料から効率よく灰分を除去することが可能となる。 In addition, the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140. Combustion exhaust gas has a higher carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content than air. Therefore, the more the combustion exhaust gas is bubbled, the lower the pH of the water for washing the biomass raw material can be reduced to 7 or less (for example, about pH 5 to pH 6) (the water to be washed is made acidic). Since the amount of ash elution increases as the water to be washed becomes acidic, the ash can be efficiently removed from the biomass material.
　なお、洗浄する水のｐＨを低下させる技術として、硝酸や硫酸といった薬剤を添加することも考えられる。しかし、薬剤を添加した場合には、洗浄後のバイオマス原料（固体燃料）に、窒素成分や硫黄成分が余計に加わることになり、これらを燃焼させた際に、窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）や硫黄酸化物（ＳＯｘ）が生じるため、薬剤の添加は極力避けるべきである。 In addition, it is also conceivable to add chemicals such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid as a technique for lowering the pH of the water to be washed. However, when chemicals are added, excessive nitrogen and sulfur components are added to the washed biomass material (solid fuel), and when these are burned, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur Addition of chemicals should be avoided as much as possible because of the formation of oxides (SOx).
　これに対し、バブリング部１２４が、燃焼排ガスといった二酸化炭素を含むガスをバブリングして、バイオマス原料を洗浄する水のｐＨを低下させることにより、洗浄後のバイオマス原料で製造された固体燃料を燃焼させても、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物といった大気汚染物質が生じてしまう事態を回避することができる。また、薬剤に要するコストを削減することが可能となる。 On the other hand, the bubbling unit 124 burns the solid fuel produced from the washed biomass material by bubbling a gas containing carbon dioxide such as combustion exhaust gas and lowering the pH of water for washing the biomass material. However, a situation in which air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are generated can be avoided. In addition, the cost required for the medicine can be reduced.
　さらに、バイオマス原料を乾燥した後の燃焼排ガスは、常温（例えば、２５℃）より高温である。したがって、バブリング部１２４が燃焼排ガスをバブリングすることにより、水の温度を常温より高温にすることができる。洗浄する水の温度が高くなるほど、灰分の溶解速度が増すことから、バイオマス原料から効率よく灰分を除去することが可能となる。 Furthermore, the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material is higher than normal temperature (for example, 25 ° C.). Therefore, the bubbling part 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas, so that the temperature of the water can be made higher than room temperature. As the temperature of the water to be washed increases, the dissolution rate of the ash increases, so that the ash can be efficiently removed from the biomass raw material.
（実施例）
　バイオマス原料としてＥＦＢを用い、洗浄しない場合（比較例）、空気でバブリングしつつ水で洗浄した場合（実施例１）、二酸化炭素でバブリングしつつ水で洗浄した場合（実施例２）のＥＦＢの灰分量を測定した。 (Example)
When EFB is used as a biomass raw material and not washed (Comparative Example), washed with water while bubbling with air (Example 1), washed with water while bubbling with carbon dioxide (Example 2) The amount of ash was measured.
　その結果、比較例では、ＥＦＢ中の灰分量（乾燥重量）は、４．２重量％（ｗｔ％）となった。また、実施例１では、ＥＦＢ中の灰分量（乾燥重量）は、２．５重量％（ｗｔ％）となった。また、実施例２では、ＥＦＢ中の灰分量（乾燥重量）は、１．６重量％（ｗｔ％）となった。なお、実施例１における洗浄後の水は、ｐＨ６．２であった。また、実施例２における洗浄後の水は、ｐＨ５．１であった。 As a result, in the comparative example, the ash content (dry weight) in the EFB was 4.2 wt% (wt%). In Example 1, the amount of ash (dry weight) in EFB was 2.5% by weight (wt%). In Example 2, the amount of ash (dry weight) in EFB was 1.6 wt% (wt%). In addition, the water after washing | cleaning in Example 1 was pH 6.2. Moreover, the water after washing | cleaning in Example 2 was pH 5.1.
　以上の結果から、空気でバブリングしつつ水でＥＦＢを洗浄することにより、ＥＦＢを洗浄しない場合よりもＥＦＢの灰分量を減少できることが分かった。また、バブリングさせるガスとして二酸化炭素を用いることにより、空気と比較して、効率よくＥＦＢの灰分量を減少できることが確認された。 From the above results, it was found that by washing EFB with water while bubbling with air, the ash content of EFB can be reduced as compared with the case where EFB is not washed. Moreover, it was confirmed that the amount of EFB ash can be efficiently reduced by using carbon dioxide as a gas to be bubbled as compared with air.
　以上、添付図面を参照しながら実施形態について説明したが、本開示は上記実施形態に限定されないことは言うまでもない。当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された範疇において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、それらについても当然に本開示の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。 As mentioned above, although embodiment was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this indication is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in the scope described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present disclosure. Is done.
　例えば、上記実施形態において、バイオマス原料としてＥＦＢを例に挙げて説明した。しかし、バイオマス原料に限定はない。例えば、バイオマス原料として、パーム椰子殻（ＰＫＳ）、木材、おがくず、樹皮、藁を採用してもよい。 For example, in the above-described embodiment, EFB has been described as an example of biomass raw material. However, there is no limitation on the biomass raw material. For example, palm coconut shell (PKS), wood, sawdust, bark, and straw may be employed as the biomass material.
　また、上記実施形態において、バブリング部１２４が、乾燥部１４０においてバイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の燃焼排ガスをバブリングする構成を例に挙げて説明した。しかし、バブリング部１２４がバブリングするガスの種類に限定はない。例えば、バブリング部１２４は、燃料製造装置１００とは別の設備で生じた燃焼排ガスをバブリングしてもよい。また、バブリング部１２４は、二酸化炭素や二酸化炭素を含むガス（例えば、空気）をバブリングしてもよい。さらに、バブリング部１２４は、窒素、アルゴンをバブリングしてもよい。 In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the bubbling unit 124 bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after drying the biomass material in the drying unit 140 has been described as an example. However, there is no limitation on the type of gas that the bubbling unit 124 bubbles. For example, the bubbling unit 124 may bubble combustion exhaust gas generated in a facility different from the fuel manufacturing apparatus 100. Further, the bubbling unit 124 may bubble carbon dioxide or a gas containing carbon dioxide (for example, air). Further, the bubbling unit 124 may bubble nitrogen and argon.
　また、上記実施形態において、乾燥部１４０では、高温の燃焼排ガスによってバイオマス原料の乾燥がなされる構成を例に挙げて説明した。しかし、乾燥部１４０は、高温の空気等他の高温のガスによってバイオマス原料を乾燥してもよい。この場合、バブリング部１２４は、乾燥部１４０においてバイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の高温のガスをバブリングしてもよい。これにより、バブリングされたガスによってバイオマス原料をほぐしたり、バイオマス原料を攪拌したりすることができる。 In the above embodiment, the drying unit 140 has been described by taking as an example a configuration in which the biomass material is dried by high-temperature combustion exhaust gas. However, the drying unit 140 may dry the biomass material with other high-temperature gas such as high-temperature air. In this case, the bubbling unit 124 may bubble high-temperature gas after the biomass raw material is dried in the drying unit 140. Thereby, a biomass raw material can be loosened with the bubbled gas, or a biomass raw material can be stirred.
　また、上記実施形態において、洗浄部１２０の後段に一次破砕部１３０が設けられる構成、すなわち、洗浄されたバイオマス原料を一次破砕する構成を例に挙げて説明した。しかし、一次破砕部１３０の後段に洗浄部１２０が設けられてもよい。この場合、一次破砕部１３０は、選別部１１０によって選別された所定の大きさ以上のバイオマス原料を一次破砕する。そして、洗浄部１２０は、一次破砕されたバイオマス原料を洗浄する。 Moreover, in the said embodiment, the structure which provides the primary crushing part 130 in the back | latter stage of the washing | cleaning part 120, ie, the structure which carries out the primary crushing of the washed biomass raw material, was mentioned as an example and demonstrated. However, the cleaning unit 120 may be provided after the primary crushing unit 130. In this case, the primary crushing unit 130 primarily crushes a biomass material having a size larger than a predetermined size sorted by the sorting unit 110. And the washing | cleaning part 120 wash | cleans the biomass material which was primarily crushed.
　本開示は、燃料製造装置、および、燃料製造方法に利用することができる。 The present disclosure can be used for a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method.
Ｓ１２０　洗浄工程
１００　燃料製造装置
１２２　収容槽
１２４　バブリング部
１４０　乾燥部 S120 Cleaning Process 100 Fuel Production Device 122 Storage Tank 124 Bubbling Unit 140 Drying Unit

Claims (4)

  1. 　バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物を収容する収容槽と、
    　前記収容槽内に収容された前記固液混合物にガスをバブリングするバブリング部と、
    を備える燃料製造装置。     A storage tank for storing a solid-liquid mixture of biomass raw material and water;
    A bubbling unit for bubbling gas to the solid-liquid mixture accommodated in the accommodating tank;
    A fuel production apparatus comprising:
  2. 　前記ガスは、二酸化炭素を含む請求項１に記載の燃料製造装置。 The fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas includes carbon dioxide.
  3. 　前記収容槽から取り出された前記バイオマス原料を、燃焼排ガスで乾燥させる乾燥部を備え、
    　前記バブリング部は、前記乾燥部において前記バイオマス原料を乾燥させた後の前記燃焼排ガスをバブリングする請求項１または２に記載の燃料製造装置。     A drying unit for drying the biomass raw material taken out from the storage tank with combustion exhaust gas,
    The fuel production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bubbling unit bubbles the combustion exhaust gas after the biomass raw material is dried in the drying unit.
  4. 　バイオマス原料と水との固液混合物を生成する工程と、
    　前記固液混合物にガスをバブリングする工程と、
    を含む燃料製造方法。     Producing a solid-liquid mixture of biomass feedstock and water;
    Bubbling gas through the solid-liquid mixture;
    A fuel manufacturing method comprising:
PCT/JP2017/015800 2017-04-19 2017-04-19 Fuel production device and fuel production method WO2018193567A1 (en)

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