JPWO2015170602A1 - スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法 - Google Patents
スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015170602A1 JPWO2015170602A1 JP2016517866A JP2016517866A JPWO2015170602A1 JP WO2015170602 A1 JPWO2015170602 A1 JP WO2015170602A1 JP 2016517866 A JP2016517866 A JP 2016517866A JP 2016517866 A JP2016517866 A JP 2016517866A JP WO2015170602 A1 JPWO2015170602 A1 JP WO2015170602A1
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- styrene resin
- styrene
- less
- extruded foam
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 459
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920001890 Novodur Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940077445 dimethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(F)=C(F)F PGJHURKAWUJHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 38
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- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- -1 2,3-dibromopropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 5
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- CMQUQOHNANGDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibromo-4-(2,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(O)=C(Br)C=C1Br CMQUQOHNANGDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUMFBUWGVLTWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-3-(2,3-dibromo-2-methylpropoxy)-2-methylpropane Chemical compound BrCC(Br)(C)COCC(C)(Br)CBr XUMFBUWGVLTWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 SPPWGCYEYAMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AIBRSVLEQRWAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP1OCC2(COP(OC=3C(=CC(=CC=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC2)CO1 AIBRSVLEQRWAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethyl-3-phenylbutan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C/C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEIGXXQKDWULML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane Chemical compound BrC1CCC(Br)C(Br)CCC(Br)C(Br)CCC1Br DEIGXXQKDWULML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXIZRZRTWSDLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromo-5-[2-[3,5-dibromo-4-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)benzene Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(OCC(Br)CBr)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(OCC(Br)CBr)C(Br)=C1 LXIZRZRTWSDLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PYJRTMLRHSXSLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-diethyl-4-phenylhexan-3-yl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC)(CC)C(CC)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PYJRTMLRHSXSLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CEBRPXLXYCFYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CEBRPXLXYCFYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGUJJOYLOCXENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DGUJJOYLOCXENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
(1)厚み方向開度がa(mm)であるダイスリット部を備える押出機にてスチレン系樹脂を含む樹脂組成物を加熱溶融し、さらに発泡剤を配合した発泡性溶融物を前記ダイスリット部から低圧域に押出発泡して板状に成形する、密度が20kg/m3以上45kg/m3以下、独立気泡率が90%以上、厚みA(mm)が10mm以上150mm以下であるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法であって、発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンと他の有機発泡剤とを含み、ダイスリット部の厚み方向開度aとスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の厚みAとの厚み拡大比A/aを18以下とし、かつ、ダイスリット部から押出される直前の発泡性溶融物を4.5MPa以上10.0MPa以下に加圧することを特徴とする、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(2)厚み拡大比A/aが3以上18以下の範囲である上記(1)のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(3)ダイスリット部の厚み方向開度aが1.0mm以上15.0mm以下の範囲である上記(1)又は(2)のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(4)ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの配合量が、スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.030mol以上0.125mol以下である上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(5)ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの配合量が、スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.040mol以上0.105mol以下である上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(6)ハイドロフルオロオレフィンがテトラフルオロプロペン類である上記(1)〜(5)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(7)他の有機発泡剤が、ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg以上の有機発泡剤を含み、かつ、ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg未満の有機発泡剤を含まない上記(1)〜(6)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(8)ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg以上の有機発泡剤が、ジメチルエーテル、塩化メチル及び塩化エチルから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である上記(7)のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(9)ハイドロフルオロオレフィンと他の有機発泡剤との合計配合量が、スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.105mol以上0.300mol以下である上記(1)〜(8)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(10)樹脂組成物が、スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して難燃剤0.5重量部以上8.0重量部以下を配合した樹脂組成物である上記(1)〜(9)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(11)難燃剤が臭素系難燃剤であり、臭素系難燃剤の配合量が、スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して0.5重量部以上6.0重量部以下である上記(10)のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(12)樹脂組成物がさらに熱線輻射抑制剤を含む上記(1)〜(11)のいずれかのスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
(13)熱線輻射抑制剤がグラファイト、酸化チタン及び硫酸バリウムよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である上記(12)のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
スチレン系樹脂組成物に含まれるスチレン系樹脂としては、特に限定はなく、例えば、スチレン系単量体の単独重合体(x)、2種以上のスチレン系単量体の共重合体(y)、スチレン系単量体とそれに共重合可能なスチレン系単量体以外の単量体(以下単に「他の単量体」という。)との共重合体(z)よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられる。スチレン系単量体としては、例えば、スチレン、メチルスチレン、エチルスチレン、イソプロピルスチレン、ジメチルスチレン、ブロモスチレン、クロロスチレン、ビニルトルエン、ビニルキシレン等のスチレン化合物が挙げられ、1種又は2種以上を使用できる。他の単量体としては、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、ブタジエン、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸メチル、アクリロニトリル、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等が挙げられ、1種又は2種以上を使用できる。前記他の単量体、特にアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸メチル、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等は、製造されるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の圧縮強度等の物性を低下させない程度の量を用いることができる。また、本発明で用いるスチレン系樹脂は、前記単独重合体(x)、共重合体(y)及び共重合体(z)に限られず、前記スチレン系単量体の単独重合体(x)、共重合体(y)及び共重合体(z)から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、前記他の単量体の単独重合体及び/又は共重合体とのブレンド物であってもよく、ジエン系ゴム強化ポリスチレンやアクリル系ゴム強化ポリスチレンとのブレンド物であってもよい。更に、本発明で用いるスチレン系樹脂は、メルトフローレート(以下、「MFR」という。)、成形加工時の溶融粘度、溶融張力等を調整する目的で、分岐構造を有するスチレン系樹脂であってもよい。
第1実施形態のスチレン系樹脂組成物は、スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して、好ましくは、難燃剤0.5〜8.0重量部を含む。また、難燃剤が臭素系難燃剤である場合、第1実施形態のスチレン系樹脂組成物は、スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して、臭素系難燃剤0.5〜6.0重量部、1.0〜5.0重量部又は1.5〜4.0重量部を含む。
次に、本発明で用いる発泡剤について説明する。該発泡剤は、HFOと特定の有機発泡剤とを含む。HFOは、オゾン破壊係数がゼロか極めて小さいものであり、地球温暖化係数が非常に小さく、環境に影響を及ぼしにくい発泡剤である。しかも、HFOは、気体状態の熱伝導率が低く、かつ難燃性であることから、スチレン系樹脂押発泡体の発泡剤として用いることにより、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の断熱性及び難燃性をさらに向上させることができる。
本発明のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法は、例えば、スチレン系樹脂組成物を押出機に供給して加熱し、溶融及び/又は可塑化させて混練し、樹脂溶融物を得る工程(1)と、工程(1)で得られた樹脂溶融物に発泡剤を配合して発泡性溶融物とする工程(2)と、発泡性溶融物を押出機に備え付けられたダイスリット部から押出機内部よりも低圧領域に押出して発泡させ、板状に成形する工程(3)とを含んでいる。
本発明により得られるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体は、例えば建築用断熱材や保冷庫用又は保冷車用の断熱材として機能することを考慮した断熱性及び軽量性の観点から、その密度(見掛け密度)が20kg/m3以上45kg/m3以下であり、好ましくは25kg/m3以上40kg/m3以下である。見掛け密度の算出方法は、実施例にて詳述する。
本発明により得られるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の独立気泡率は90%以上、好ましくは95%以上である。独立気泡率が低すぎる場合には、発泡剤として使用したハイロドフルオロオレフィンがスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体から早期に逸散しやすく、長期断熱性が低下するおそれがある。本発明において、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の独立気泡率(%)は、ASTM−D2856−70の手順Cに従って、空気比較式比重計(例えば、東京サイエンス(株)製、型式1000型)を使用して測定する。
独立気泡率(%)=(Vx−W/ρ)×100/(VA−W/ρ)・・・(1)
ただし、Vx、VA、W、及びρは以下の通りである。
Vx:上記空気比較式比重計により測定した試料の真の体積(cm3;スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の試料を構成する樹脂の容積と、試料内の独立気泡部分の気泡全容積との和。)
VA:試料の外寸法から算出した試料の見かけ上の体積(cm3)
W:試料の全重量(g)
ρ:スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体を構成するスチレン系樹脂の密度(g/cm3)
また、本発明により得られるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の厚み方向の平均気泡径(DT)は、断熱性の観点から0.5mm以下であることが好ましく、0.05〜0.3mmであることがより好ましい。
更に本発明により得られるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体は、気泡変形率が0.7〜2.0であることが好ましい。気泡変形率とは、上記測定方法により求められた厚み方向の平均気泡径(DT:mm)をスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の水平方向の平均気泡径(DH:mm)で除した値(DT/DH)であり、該気泡変形率が1よりも小さいほど気泡は扁平であり、1よりも大きいほど縦長である。気泡変形率が小さすぎる場合は、気泡が扁平なので圧縮強度が低下する傾向にあり、扁平な気泡は球形に戻ろうとする傾向が強いので、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の寸法安定性も低下する傾向にある。気泡変形率が大きすぎる場合は、厚み方向における気泡数が少なくなるので、気泡形状による断熱性向上効果が小さくなる。したがって、上記気泡変形率は、0.8〜1.5であることがより好ましく、0.8〜1.2であることが更に好ましい。気泡変形率が上記範囲内にあることにより、機械的強度に優れ、かつ更に高い断熱性を有するスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体となる。
本発明により得られるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の、製造後100日経過後の熱伝導率は、好ましくは0.0290W/(m・K)以下、より好ましくは0.0280W/(m・K)以下である。本発明のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体は、独立気泡率が高く、発泡体からのハイロドフルオロオレフィンの逸散が効果的に防止されることから、製造後100日経過後であっても、熱伝導率が低く維持され、断熱性に優れる。
[基材樹脂]
スチレン系樹脂A(ポリスチレン、商品名:G9401、MFR;2.2g/10分、PSジャパン(株)製)
スチレン系樹脂B(ポリスチレン、商品名:680、MFR;7.0g/10分、PSジャパン(株)製)
グラファイト(商品名:M−885、鱗片状黒鉛、一次粒径5.5μm、固定炭素分89%、(株)丸豊鋳材製作所製)
臭素系難燃剤1:テトラブロモビスフェノールA−ビス(2,3−ジブロモ−2−メチルプロピル)エーテルとテトラブロモビスフェノールA−ビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)エーテルとの混合物(商品名;GR−125P、第一工業(株)製)
臭素系難燃剤2:臭素化スチレン−ブタジエンブロックコポリマー(商品名;EMERALD INNOVATION #3000、ケムチュラ・ジャパン(株)製)
トリフェニルホスフィンオキシド(住友商事ケミカル(株)製)
ポリ−1,4−ジイソプロピルベンゼン(商品名;CCPIB、UNITED INITIATORS社製)
安定剤1:ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂(商品名;アデカイザーEP−13、(株)ADEKA製)
安定剤2:クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(商品名;ECN−1280、ハンツマン・ジャパン(株)製)
安定剤3:ジペンタエリスリトール−アジピン酸反応混合物(商品名;プレンライザー(商標名)ST210、味の素ファインテクノ(株)製)
安定剤4:ペンタエリトリトールテトラキス[3−(3’,5’−ジ−tert−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート](商品名;ANOX20、ケムチュラ・ジャパン(株)製)
安定剤5:3,9−ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェノキシ)−2,4,8,10−テトラオキサ−3,9−ジホスファスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン(商品名;Ultranox626、ケムチュラ・ジャパン(株)製)
安定剤6:トリエチレングリコール−ビス−3−(3−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニル)プロピオネート(商品名;ソンノックス2450FF、ソンウォンインターナショナルジャパン(株)製)
ステアリン酸カルシウム(滑剤、商品名;SC−P、堺化学工業(株)製)
ベントナイト(吸水性物質、商品名;ベンゲルブライトK11、(株)ホージュン製)
シリカ(吸水性物質、商品名;カープレックス(商標名)BS−304F、エボニックジャパン(株)製)
HFO−1234ze(ハネウェルジャパン(株)製)
ジメチルエーテル(岩谷産業(株)製)
塩化エチル(日本特殊化学工業(株)製)
水(大阪府摂津市水道水)。
得られたスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の重量を測定すると共に、長さ寸法、幅寸法、厚み寸法を測定した。測定された重量及び各寸法から、以下の式に基づいて発泡体密度を求め、単位をkg/m3に換算した。
見掛け密度(g/cm3)=発泡体重量(g)/発泡体体積(cm3)
得られたスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体から、厚さ20mm(厚みが20mmに達しない場合は、成形表皮を剥いだ最大厚さ)×長さ25mm×幅25mmの成形表皮が存在しない試験片を切り出し、ASTM−D2856−70の手順Cに準じて評価した。
厚み方向の平均気泡径の測定方法は前述した通りである。
(4)気泡変形率
前述の通り評価した。気泡変形率の測定方法は前述した通りである。
得られたスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体をJIS K 7100に規定された標準温度状態3級(23℃±5℃)、及び標準湿度状態3級(50+20、−10%R.H.)の条件下に静置し、製造直後、及び、製造から100日後にHFO−1234ze残存量を以下の設備、手順にて評価した。尚、本発明における製造直後とは、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体が押出機のダイから出て押出発泡されてから、5時間以内を指す。
a)使用機器;ガスクロマトグラフ GC−2014(商品名、(株)島津製作所製)
b)使用カラム;G−Column G−950 25UM(商品名、一般財団法人化学物質評価研究機構製)
・注入口温度:65℃
・カラム温度:80℃
・検出器温度:100℃
・キャリーガス:高純度ヘリウム
・キャリーガス流量:30mL/分
・検出器:TCD
・電流:120mA
発泡体の熱伝導率は、ISO 11561に記載の促進試験に準拠した方法により測定した。製造直後のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体を厚み方向、及び幅方向中央部から厚さ10mm×長さ200mm×幅200mmの成形表皮が存在しない試験片を切り出し、該試験片をJIS K 7100に規定された標準温度状態3級(23℃±5℃)、及び標準湿度状態3級(50+20、−10%R.H.)の条件下に静置した。製造後100日後に該試験片を用いてJIS A 1412−2:1999に準拠する方法で、平均温度23℃の温度条件にて熱伝導率を測定し、以下の基準にて判定した。
〇(合格):熱伝導率が0.0280W/mKより大きく、0.0290W/mK以下。
×(不合格):熱伝導率が0.0290W/mKより大きい。
JIS A 9511(測定方法A)に準じて、厚さ10mm×長さ200mm×幅25mmの試験片を5本用い、以下の基準で評価した。測定は、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造後、前記寸法の試験片に切削し、JIS K 7100に規定された標準温度状態3級(23℃±5℃)、及び標準湿度状態3級(50+20、−10%R.H.)の条件下に静置し、製造から1週間後に行った。
○(合格):3秒以内に炎が消えて、残じんがなく、燃焼限界指示線を超えて燃焼しないとの基準を満たす。
×(不合格):上記基準を満たさない。
得られたスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の外観を目視により観察し、表面における気孔や波打ちの発生を調べた。
[スチレン系樹脂組成物の作製]
表2の配合に示すように、スチレン系樹脂1(商品名G9401)100部に、臭素系難燃剤1(難燃剤、商品名GR−125P)3.0部、トリフェニルホスフィンオキシド(難燃助剤)1.0部、安定剤1(ビスフェノールA−グリシジルエーテル、商品名EP−13)0.10部、安定剤6(トリエチレングリコール−ビス−3−(3−t−ブチルー4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニル)プロピオネート、商品名ソンノックス2450FF)0.20部及びステアリン酸カルシウム(滑剤、商品名SC−P)0.10部を乾式混合し、スチレン系樹脂組成物を得た。
押出発泡用押出機として、第一押出機(口径65mmの単軸押出機)、第二押出機(口径90mmの単軸押出機)及び冷却機をこの順番で直列に連結した押出機を用いた。冷却機の第二押出機とは反対側の先端には厚み方向開度(a)4.3mm×幅50mmの長方形断面のダイスリット部(口金)を設け、該ダイスリット部に密着させて成形金型を設置し、さらに成形金型の下流側に成形ロールを設置した。
表2に示すように、各種配合剤の種類・配合量(部)、及び製造条件を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作により、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体を得た。但し、実施例9において、グラファイトは、あらかじめスチレン系樹脂のマスターバッチの形態として投入した。マスターバッチの混合濃度は、スチレン系樹脂/グラファイトを50重量%/50重量%とした。得られた各発泡体の評価結果を表2に示す。
表3に示すように、各種配合剤の種類・配合量(部)、及び製造条件を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作により、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体を得た。得られた各発泡体の評価結果を表3に示す。
Claims (13)
- 厚み方向開度がa(mm)であるダイスリット部を備える押出機にてスチレン系樹脂を含む樹脂組成物を加熱溶融し、さらに発泡剤を配合した発泡性溶融物を前記ダイスリット部から低圧域に押出発泡して板状に成形する、密度が20kg/m3以上45kg/m3以下、独立気泡率が90%以上、厚みA(mm)が10mm以上150mm以下であるスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法であって、
前記発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンと他の有機発泡剤とを含み、
前記ダイスリット部の厚み方向開度aと前記スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の厚みAとの厚み拡大比A/aを18以下とし、かつ、
前記ダイスリット部から押出される直前の前記発泡性溶融物を4.5MPa以上10.0MPa以下に加圧することを特徴とする、スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。 - 前記厚み拡大比A/aが3以上18以下の範囲である請求項1に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記ダイスリット部の厚み方向開度aが1.0mm以上15.0mm以下の範囲である請求項1又は2に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの配合量が、前記スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.030mol以上0.125mol以下である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの配合量が、前記スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.040mol以上0.105mol以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンがテトラフルオロプロペン類である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記他の有機発泡剤が、ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg以上の有機発泡剤を含み、かつ、ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg未満の有機発泡剤を含まない請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- ポリスチレン透過率0.5×10−10cc・cm/cm2・s・cmHg以上の前記有機発泡剤が、ジメチルエーテル、塩化メチル及び塩化エチルから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項7に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンと前記他の有機発泡剤との合計配合量が、前記スチレン系樹脂100gに対して0.105mol以上0.300mol以下である請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂組成物が、前記スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して難燃剤0.5重量部以上8.0重量部以下を配合した樹脂組成物である請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記難燃剤が臭素系難燃剤であり、前記臭素系難燃剤の配合量が、前記スチレン系樹脂100重量部に対して0.5重量部以上6.0重量部以下である請求項10に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂組成物がさらに熱線輻射抑制剤を含む請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
- 前記熱線輻射抑制剤がグラファイト、酸化チタン及び硫酸バリウムよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上である請求項12に記載のスチレン系樹脂押出発泡体の製造方法。
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