JPWO2015115556A1 - イオン液体を含む光波長変換要素およびその光波長変換要素を含む物品 - Google Patents
イオン液体を含む光波長変換要素およびその光波長変換要素を含む物品 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015115556A1 JPWO2015115556A1 JP2015560017A JP2015560017A JPWO2015115556A1 JP WO2015115556 A1 JPWO2015115556 A1 JP WO2015115556A1 JP 2015560017 A JP2015560017 A JP 2015560017A JP 2015560017 A JP2015560017 A JP 2015560017A JP WO2015115556 A1 JPWO2015115556 A1 JP WO2015115556A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
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- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
- B01J31/0282—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aliphatic ring, e.g. morpholinium
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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Abstract
Description
で表される化合物が挙げられる。ここで、「水素原子を含む任意の置換基」とは、水素原子、又は水素原子を除く任意の置換基を意味する。
で表される化合物が挙げられる。前記一般式(2)で表される化合物において、R12〜R19がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であり、前記一般式(2)のR20が、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、複素環基、アルキルアリール基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であることが好ましい。
で表される化合物が好ましい。
で表される化合物が好ましい。さらに、前記一般式(4)で表される化合物において、R12〜R19がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であることが好ましい。
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
で表されるΔETが、有機光増感分子(A)と有機発光分子(B)との任意の組み合わせについて、好ましくは−0.5eV以上2.0eV以下であり、より好ましくは−0.3eV以上1.0eV以下であり、さらに好ましくは−0.2eV以上0.5eV以下であり、特に好ましくは−0.1eV以上0.3eV以下である。1eVとは、電子1個を1Vの電位差で加速したときに電子が得るエネルギーである。
で表される化合物が好ましい。
で表される化合物、下記一般式
で表される化合物、下記一般式
で表される化合物等が挙げられる。
(1)有機光増感分子(A)をイオン液体(C)中に溶解および/または分散させてなる第1の溶液および/または分散液と、有機発光分子(B)をイオン液体(C)中に溶解および/または分散させてなる第2の溶液および/または分散液と、イオン性ゲル化剤とイオン液体(C)との混合物を揮発性有機溶媒に溶解させてなる液体状の混合物(溶液)とを用意し、前記第1の溶液および/または分散液に対して、前記第2の溶液および/または分散液と、前記液体状の混合物とを混合した後、揮発性有機溶媒を留去する方法、
(2)有機光増感分子(A)および有機発光分子(B)をイオン液体(C)中に溶解および/または分散させてなる溶液および/または分散液を、イオン性ゲル化剤とイオン液体(C)との混合物(溶液又はゲル)に対して混合する方法、
(3)有機光増感分子(A)および有機発光分子(B)をイオン液体(C)中に溶解および/または分散させてなる溶液および/または分散液を、イオン性ゲル化剤を揮発性有機溶媒に溶解させてなる溶液と混合した後、揮発性有機溶媒を留去する方法、
等の方法を用いて製造することができる。
(光波長変換要素の作製)
室温下で、内容積約8mlのガラスバイアル瓶内に、非水混和性のイオン液体(C)である1−ブチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(CAS番号:350493−08−2、製造元:IoLiTec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH、以下「イオン液体#1」と称する)を400μl入れた。続いて、このイオン液体#1に、有機光増感分子(A)としての10−メチル−9−アクリドン(CAS番号:719−54−0、製造元:東京化成工業株式会社、以下「増感分子#1」と称する)をトルエン中に濃度4×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液を約20μl加えたところ、目視で不均質な混合液体が得られた。この混合液体に対し、特許文献3に記載した方法と同様に、ガラス製パスツールピペット(製造元:Fisher Scientific Inc.、製品番号:5−5351−01)を用いて「吸い・吐き」を繰り返し行うことにより、目視で均質かつ透明な一層の混合液を得た。そしてその直後、そのガラスバイアル瓶に蓋をして、その混合液を超音波バスソニケーター(製造元:Branson Ultrasonics Corp.、型番:Model3510)にて約7分間撹拌および均質化処理を行った。続いて、ガラスバイアル瓶の蓋を除き、ガラスバイアル瓶を真空容器内に入れ、室温下でスクロールポンプ(製造元:エドワーズ株式会社、型番:XDS35i、設計到達圧力:1Pa以下)を用いて約1時間真空引きを行った。その結果、揮発分であるトルエンは痕跡量以下まで除去され、目視上均質かつ透明な一層の溶液および/または分散体(液体)が得られた。
続いて、当該液体(光波長変換要素としての目視上均質かつ透明な液体)の一部を、不活性なアルゴンガスで満たされたグローブボックス中で、特許文献3に記載した方法と同様に、内寸1mm×1mm、外寸2mm×2mm、長さ約25mmの片端閉じ正方形石英管内にその全長の3/4程度、注入し、石英管の開口端を鉛ハンダで封止して、当該石英管に密閉されたアップコンバージョン発光評価用試料を得た。
実施例1において、イオン液体#1の代わりに非水混和性のイオン液体(C)である1−ブチル−1−メチルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(CAS番号:223437−11−4、製造元:Merck KGaA、以下「イオン液体#2」と称する)を用いた他は、実施例1と全く同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製および評価を行ったところ、図5に示す結果(光波長変換要素の発光極大波長:315.9nm、321.0nm、330.8nm、335.4nm)を得た。これは、性質が異なるイオン液体を用いたことに起因してアップコンバージョン発光スペクトルの形状が若干異なること以外は、図3に示した結果と同様であり、本発明がイオン液体の種類に依らず実施可能であることを確認した。また、図6に、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計により測定した、当該光波長変換要素の光吸収スペクトルを示す(当該光波長変換要素において、有機光増感分子(A)としての10−メチル−9−アクリドン由来の最長波長の吸収極大波長は400nmであった)。
実施例1の光波長変換要素の作製手順において、イオン液体#1の代わりにイオン液体#2を用い、有機発光分子(B)として発光分子#1の代わりに1−シアノナフタレン(CAS番号:86−53−3、製造元:Sigma−Aldrich Co. LLC、以下「発光分子#2」と称する)を用いた以外は実施例1と同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製を行った。
実施例1の光波長変換要素の作製手順において、イオン液体#1の代わりにイオン液体#2を用い、有機発光分子(B)として発光分子#1の代わりに2−メトキシナフタレン(CAS番号:93−04−9、製造元:東京化成工業株式会社)を用いた以外は実施例1と同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製を行った。
実施例1の光波長変換要素の作製手順において、イオン液体#1の代わりにイオン液体#2を用い、「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度4×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約20μl」を加えた代わりに「有機光増感分子(A)としての2,4−ジエチルチオキサントン(CAS番号:82799、製造元:日本化薬株式会社)をメタノール中に濃度2×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約80μl」を加えた以外は実施例1と同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製を行った。
実施例5において、発光分子#1の代わりに発光分子#2を用いた以外は実施例5と同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製を行った。この光波長変換要素に対し、パワー5mWの連続光レーザー発光#1を照射し、実施例1に記載した光波長変換要素の評価手順と同じ手順で計測を行ったところ、図13に示すアップコンバージョン発光スペクトル(光波長変換要素の発光極大波長:331.2nm、338.4nm)が観測された。また、図14に、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計により測定した、当該光波長変換要素の光吸収スペクトルを示す(当該光波長変換要素において、有機光増感分子(A)としての2,4−ジエチルチオキサントン由来の最長波長の吸収極大波長は388nmであった)。
実施例1の光波長変換要素の作製手順において、イオン液体#1の代わりにイオン液体#2を用い、「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度4×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約20μl」を加えた代わりに「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度1×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約50μl」を加え、「発光分子#1をメタノール中に濃度2×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液約200μl」を加えた代わりに「有機発光分子(B)としての2−シアノナフタレン(CAS番号:613−46−7、製造元:東京化成工業株式会社)をメタノール中に濃度1×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液約120μl」を加えた以外は実施例1と同じ手順で光波長変換要素の作製を行った。
イオン液体(C)として、イオン液体#1の代わりに精製および予備乾燥したメチルトリ−n−オクチルアンモニウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(CAS番号:375395−33−8、製造元:Merck KGaA)を用い、「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度4×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約20μl」の代わりに「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度1×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液60μl」を用い、「発光分子#1をメタノール中に濃度2×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液約200μl」の代わりに「発光分子#1をメタノール中に濃度6.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液100μl」を用い、超音波バスソニケーターによる2回の撹拌および均質化処理の時間を何れも5分間に変更し、真空引きをグローブボックスのパスボックス内で行った以外は、実施例1と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を作製した。
「発光分子#1をメタノール中に濃度6.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液100μl」の代わりに「有機発光分子(B)としての1−ドデシルナフタレン(CAS番号:38641−16−6)をトルエン中に濃度1.33×10−1Mで溶解させたストック溶液30μl」を用い、2回目の真空引きの時間を3時間に変更した以外は、実施例8と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を作製した。
実施例1の光波長変換要素の作製手順において、「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度4×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液約20μl」の代わりに「増感分子#1をトルエン中に濃度1.0×10−3Mで溶解させたストック溶液53μl」を用い、「発光分子#1をメタノール中に濃度2×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液約200μl」の代わりに「有機発光分子(B)としての1−メチルナフタレンをメタノール中に濃度5.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液40μl」を用い、超音波バスソニケーターによる2回の撹拌および均質化処理の時間を何れも5分間に変更し、真空引きをグローブボックスのパスボックス内で行った以外は、実施例1と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を作製した。
「有機発光分子(B)としての1−メチルナフタレンをメタノール中に濃度5.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液40μl」の代わりに「有機発光分子(B)としてのアセナフテンをメタノール中に濃度5.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液40μl」を用いた以外は、実施例10と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を作製した。
「有機発光分子(B)としての1−メチルナフタレンをメタノール中に濃度5.0×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液40μl」の代わりに「有機発光分子(B)としてのp−ターフェニルをトルエン中に濃度1.5×10−2Mで溶解させたストック溶液133μl」を用いた以外は、実施例10と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を作製した。
Jun'ichi Nagasawa, et al., ACS Macro Lett., 2012, 1 (9), p. 1108-1112に記載の方法で、イオン性ゲル化剤であるゲル化剤(D)として、下記式
〔実施例13〕
(ゲル化剤(D)およびイオン液体(C)の混合物の調製)
まず、洗浄済のガラス製のバイアル瓶(内容量8mL)内に、ゲル化剤(D)の合成例1で得られたイオン性ゲル化剤♯1を48mg入れ、そこにメタノール150μlを滴下した。次に、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、バイアル瓶を80℃に設定されたホットプレート上で20分間加熱した。次に、バイアル瓶内に、精製済みのイオン液体#1を400μl加えた。その後すぐに、バイアル瓶の内容物を、ガラス製のパスツールピペット(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて「吸い・吐き」を繰り返し行うことにより均一に混和させた後、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、超音波バスソニケーター(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて15分間超音波分散を行った。次に、バイアル瓶を80℃に設定されたホットプレート上で10分間加熱した。続いて、バイアル瓶から蓋を外し、バイアル瓶を真空乾燥オーブン(製造元:ヤマト科学株式会社、型番:ADP200)に入れて90℃で2時間真空加熱した。バイアル瓶を80℃まで降温させてから真空乾燥オーブンから取り出し、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、暗所にて一晩保存し放冷した。これにより、ゲル化剤(D)とイオン液体(C)との混合物として、イオン性ゲル化剤♯1の濃度が120g/Lであるイオン性ゲル化剤♯1とイオン液体#1との混合物(ゲル;以下、「ゲルストック」と呼ぶ)を得た。
バイアル瓶内のゲルストックから別のバイアル瓶に250μlを分取し、メタノール250μl(イオン液体#1:メタノール=1:1(体積比))をゲルストックに滴下した。滴下後すぐに、ゲルが溶解し、ゲルストックは液体状となった。その後、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、超音波バスソニケーター(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて10分間超音波分散を行うことにより、液体状のゲルストックの均一性を高めた。これにより、イオン性ゲル化剤♯1の濃度が60g/Lである、均一性の高い液体状のゲルストックが得られた。
洗浄済のガラス製のバイアル瓶(容量8mL)に、イオン液体(C)としての精製済みのイオン液体#1を565μl入れ、有機光増感分子(A)としての増感分子#1のトルエン溶液(濃度1×10−3M)80μlを加えた。次に、バイアル瓶の内容物を、ガラス製のパスツールピペット(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて「吸い・吐き」を繰り返し行うことにより均一に混和させた後、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、超音波バスソニケーター(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて5分間超音波分散を行った。次に、このバイアル瓶から蓋を外し、その直後にこのバイアル瓶をグローブボックスのパスボックス内に入れ、パスボックス中でスクロールポンプ(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて1時間真空引きすることによりトルエンを除去した後、バイアル瓶をグローブボックスから取り出した。これにより、有機光増感分子(A)のイオン液体溶液として、増感分子#1のイオン液体溶液を得た。
バイアル瓶内の増感分子#1のイオン液体溶液に対して、有機発光分子(B)としての発光分子#1のメタノール溶液(濃度6.0×10−2M)150μlと、液体状のゲルストック70μl(メタノールおよびイオン液体#1をそれぞれ35μlずつ含む)とを加えた。次に、バイアル瓶の内容物を、ガラス製のパスツールピペット(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて「吸い・吐き」を繰り返し行うことにより均一に混和させた後、バイアル瓶の蓋を閉め、超音波バスソニケーター(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて5分間超音波分散を行った。次に、このバイアル瓶から蓋を外し、その直後にこのバイアル瓶をグローブボックスのパスボックス内に入れ、パスボックス中でスクロールポンプ(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて2時間真空引きすることにより、メタノールを除去した。次に、バイアル瓶をグローブボックスのメインボックスに移動させた後、アルゴン雰囲気下でバイアル瓶の蓋を閉めた。これにより、有機光増感分子(A)、有機発光分子(B)、およびゲル化剤(D)のイオン液体溶液として、増感分子#1、発光分子#1、およびイオン性ゲル化剤♯1のイオン液体溶液(以下、「試料溶液」と呼ぶ)を得た。
試料溶液が入ったバイアル瓶を、80℃に設定されたホットプレート上に置き、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックスのメインボックス内で10分間加熱した。次に、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックスのメインボックス内でバイアル瓶内の試料溶液の一部を注射針のついた注射器を用いて内寸2mm角の片端閉じ石英管に注入し、グローブボックスのメインボックス内で石英管の開口端をハンダで封止し、約1日間放置した。翌日、石英管内の試料溶液がゲル化していることが確認された。
(液体状のゲルストックの作製)
洗浄済のガラス製のバイアル瓶(内容量8mL)内に、イオン液体(C)としての精製済みのイオン液体#1を400μlと、メタノール400μl(イオン液体#1:メタノール=1:1(体積比))とを入れ、ゲル化剤(D)の合成例1で得られたイオン性ゲル化剤♯1を20mg添加した。バイアル瓶の蓋を固く閉め、超音波バスソニケーター(実施例1で使用したものと同じ)を用いて30分間超音波分散を行った。これにより、イオン液体#1とメタノールとの混合溶液中にイオン性ゲル化剤♯1が目視で均一に混和し、イオン性ゲル化剤♯1の濃度が25g/Lである、無色透明の液体状のゲルストックが得られた。
イオン液体#1の使用量を344μlに変更し、増感分子#1のトルエン溶液(濃度1×10−3M)の使用量を53μlに変更した以外は、実施例13と同じ手順で、増感分子#1のイオン液体溶液を調製した。
有機発光分子(B)としての発光分子#1のメタノール溶液(濃度6.0×10−2M)150μlの代わりに発光分子#2(1−シアノナフタレン)のメタノール溶液(濃度6.0×10−2M)100μlを用い、実施例13の手順で作製した液体状のゲルストック70μlの代わりに本実施例の手順で作製した液体状のゲルストック112μl(メタノールおよびイオン液体#1をそれぞれ56μlずつ含む)を用いた以外は、実施例13と同じ手順で、増感分子#1、発光分子#2、およびイオン性ゲル化剤♯1のイオン液体溶液を得た。
加熱温度を70℃に変更したこと以外は実施例13と同じ手順で、光波長変換要素を得た。本光波長変換要素中の増感分子#1の濃度は1.33×10−4Mであり、本光波長変換要素中の発光分子#2の濃度は1.5×10−2Mであり、本光波長変換要素中のイオン性ゲル化剤♯1の濃度は7g/Lである。
2 透明背面電極
3 透明絶縁膜
4 アップコンバージョン層
5 光反射膜
7 受光面電極
8 ガラスチャネル
9 ガス
10 光触媒が添加された水
11 機械的支持体
Claims (16)
- 三重項−三重項消滅過程を示す組み合わせである有機光増感分子(A)および有機発光分子(B)を、イオン液体(C)中に溶解および/または分散させてなる、目視上均質かつ透明な光波長変換要素であって、
前記有機光増感分子(A)の吸収極大波長(ただし、複数の吸収極大波長が存在する場合には、それらの中で最長波長の吸収極大波長)が、250〜499nmの範囲内にあることを特徴とする光波長変換要素。 - 前記光波長変換要素からの発光極大波長が、400nm以下の範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 前記一般式(1)のXがチオ基であり、R1〜R8がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 前記一般式(2)のR12〜R19がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であり、前記一般式(2)のR20が、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、複素環基、アルキルアリール基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 前記一般式(6)のR33〜R42がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アリール基、またはヘテロアリール基であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光波長変換要素。
- ゲル化剤(D)をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の光波長変換要素。
- ゲル状態となっていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 前記ゲル化剤(D)は、イオン性ゲル化剤であることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 前記ゲル化剤(D)は、非イオン性重合体であることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の光波長変換要素。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の光波長変換要素を用いた太陽電池。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の光波長変換要素を用いた光触媒。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の光波長変換要素を用いた光触媒型水素・酸素発生装置。
- 光をより短い波長の光に変換する光アップコンバージョンフィルターであって、
請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の光波長変換要素と、
セルとを備え、
前記光波長変換要素が、前記セル中に封入されていることを特徴とする光アップコンバージョンフィルター。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |