JPWO2014061608A1 - Hydraulic rotating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A sliding layer (21) of a sintered copper alloy is formed on the sliding surface (12A) of the valve plate (12). That is, the valve plate (12) is formed of an iron-based material such as cast iron or steel. And the sliding surface (12A) used as the surface is made into the sliding layer (21) which consists of a sintered copper alloy which has Cu (copper) and Sn (tin) as a main component, and made the remaining component the remainder. . The remaining component contains 2 to 6% by weight of CaF2 (calcium fluoride) as an essential component, and regulates the average particle size of the CaF2 within a range of 40 μm to 350 μm. The sliding surface (8A) of the cylinder block (8) serving as the mating sliding surface is a sliding layer made of a steel material without forming a copper alloy sliding layer (21).

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic rotating machine suitably used as a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic motor mounted on construction machines such as a hydraulic excavator, a hydraulic crane, a wheel loader, and various industrial machines.

  In general, construction machines such as a hydraulic excavator, a hydraulic crane, and a wheel loader are equipped with a hydraulic pump such as a hydraulic pump used as a hydraulic source for hydraulic equipment and a hydraulic rotary machine such as a hydraulic motor used as a driving source for traveling or turning. ing. These hydraulic rotating machines are constituted by, for example, a swash plate type, an inclined shaft type or a radial piston type hydraulic rotating machine. In this case, there are, for example, a fixed displacement type and a variable displacement type as the swash plate type and oblique axis type hydraulic rotating machines which are axial piston types.

  This type of prior art hydraulic rotating machine is, for example, a hollow casing, a rotating shaft rotatably provided in the casing, and a circumferentially spaced space provided in the casing so as to rotate together with the rotating shaft. A cylinder block formed with a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder port opened at an end surface at a position corresponding to each cylinder, and a plurality of pistons inserted in the cylinders of the cylinder block so as to be reciprocally movable (Patent Document 1).

  Here, in the hydraulic rotating machine according to Patent Document 1, a sliding layer made of a low friction copper alloy is formed on the sliding surfaces of two members that slide with each other, for example, the sliding surfaces of a cylinder and a piston. More specifically, by forming the sliding layer with a low friction copper alloy containing 0.5 to 15% by weight of FeMo (ferromolybdenum), the friction coefficient, the sliding resistance and the wear amount are reduced. To improve familiarity and efficiency.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which a sliding layer is formed by a thermal spray coating made of a bronze-based alloy containing 5% by weight or more of Mo (molybdenum) in order to improve seizure resistance and wear resistance. ing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-167041 JP 2004-346417 A (Patent No. 4289926)

  According to the hydraulic rotating machine described in Patent Document 1, seizure resistance is improved by forming the sliding layer with a copper alloy containing hard particles such as FeMo. On the other hand, according to the hydraulic rotating machine described in Patent Document 2, seizure resistance is improved by forming it with a hard copper alloy containing Mo. In such a configuration, for example, when the hydraulic rotating machine is rotated at a high speed, when operating at a high surface pressure, or when the oil film of the sliding part is insufficient, hard particles contained in the sliding layer However, there is a case where the sliding material is damaged. Moreover, the hard copper alloy which forms a sliding layer may damage a sliding partner material.

  On the other hand, in a hydraulic rotating machine, for example, when a pressure difference occurs due to switching of the supply / exhaust port, when pressure oil passes through a notch or a throttle part, pressure fluctuations occur in the pressure oil from the supply / discharge port. If this occurs, negative pressure may occur. In this case, damage to the copper alloy called so-called erosion wear may occur in the oil passage through which the pressure oil circulates in the hydraulic rotating machine due to the impact of the jet flow or the collapse of the bubbles.

  In this case, there is a possibility that the performance of the hydraulic rotating machine is deteriorated and abnormal noise is generated due to the outflow of wear powder that becomes contamination (contaminant) and the progress of wear. For this reason, it is desirable that the copper alloy of the sliding layer provided in the oil passage through which the pressure oil flows can ensure mechanical strength correlated with the amount of erosion wear in addition to ensuring seizure resistance.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is a hydraulic rotation that can ensure both seizure resistance of a sliding layer and mechanical strength (erosion wear resistance). Is to provide a machine.

  (1). A hydraulic rotating machine according to the present invention includes a first member having a first sliding surface and a second member having a second sliding surface that slides with respect to the first sliding surface. And at least one of the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface has a configuration in which one end side of the oil passage through which the oil liquid flows is opened.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a feature of the configuration adopted by the present invention is that one of the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface is made of a sintered copper alloy. A sliding layer is formed, and the sliding layer is composed of Cu and Sn as main components and the remaining components as the balance, and the remaining components include 2 to 6% by weight of CaF ₂ as an essential component. And the average particle diameter of the CaF ₂ is regulated to a range of 40 μm to 350 μm, and the other sliding surface of the first sliding surface and the second sliding surface is made of a steel-based material. This is because it is composed of a sliding layer.

According to this configuration, the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer on one sliding surface is a copper alloy (bronze alloy) mainly composed of Cu (copper) and Sn (tin), and the balance The composition contains CaF ₂ (calcium fluoride) as an essential component. In this case, CaF ₂ is regulated to 2 to 6% by weight and an average particle size of 40 to 350 μm. Thereby, mechanical strength (material strength, erosion wear resistance) can be ensured by the CaF ₂ particles present inside (in the copper alloy). In addition, the CaF ₂ particles intervening on the surface (sliding surface) drop off from the surface, whereby holes are formed on the surface, and the holes act as an oil reservoir. On the other hand, the CaF ₂ particles remaining on the surface act as a solid lubricant with the mating surface. Thereby, seizure resistance can be ensured.

In the case of CaF ₂ is less than 2 wt%, CaF ₂ particles interposed surface is reduced. For this reason, the action of the oil reservoir due to the falling off of the CaF ₂ particles and the action of the CaF ₂ particles remaining on the surface as a solid lubricant may be reduced, and it may be difficult to ensure seizure resistance. On the other hand, when CaF ₂ is increased, the seizure resistance can be improved by increasing the oil sump and the solid lubricant. However, when CaF ₂ exceeds 6% by weight, the increase in CaF ₂ having low toughness and the increase in the grain boundary of CaF ₂ decrease the erosion wear resistance (the wear increases). There is a risk.

Even if CaF ₂ is ₂ to 6% by weight, for example, when the average particle diameter is less than 40 μm, the grain boundary between CaF ₂ and metal (copper) increases on the surface of the sliding layer, and erosion wear resistance. There is a risk that the performance will be reduced (wear will increase). If the average particle diameter of CaF ₂ exceeds 350 .mu.m, for example, reduces the number of holes by dropping the CaF ₂ particles, there is a possibility that seizure resistance is lowered.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, CaF ₂ is regulated to 2 to 6% by weight and an average particle size of 40 μm to 350 μm, so that CaF ₂ particles are distributed in a well-balanced manner inside and on the surface of the sliding layer. It is possible to achieve both seizure resistance and mechanical strength (erosion wear resistance).

(2). According to the present invention, the remaining components of the sliding layer include Pb, Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, in addition to the CaF ₂ as an essential component. , Ti, V, Cr, and W, the composition contains at least one component.

According to this configuration, in addition to the essential component CaF ₂ , the remaining components of the sintered copper alloy include Pb (lead), Ni (nickel), Be (berium), P (phosphorus), Fe (iron), Zn (Zinc), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Mn (manganese), Mg (magnesium), S (sulfur), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), W (tungsten) The composition contains at least one of the following components. Thereby, securing of seizure resistance and securing of mechanical strength can be achieved at a high level.

For example, when the composition contains Pb, an amount of Pb component exceeding the solid solubility limit of the copper alloy is dispersed in the matrix. As a result, when the seizure occurs during sliding (the surface temperature is higher than the melting point of Pb), Pb in the vicinity of the sliding surface melts and seizure can be suppressed. it can. As a result, in addition to the effect of improving seizure resistance due to CaF _2, the effect of suppressing seizure due to Pb can be obtained, and therefore, further improvement in seizure resistance can be achieved by the synergistic effect of both.

  For example, when the composition does not include Pb and includes at least one of Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W, copper The hardness of the alloy can be increased, and the mechanical strength can be improved. Furthermore, when the composition contains Pb in addition to at least one of Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W, seizure resistance Both mechanical strength and mechanical strength can be improved.

  (3). Therefore, according to the present invention, the main component of the sliding layer has a composition containing 11 to 13% by weight (11 to 13% by weight) of Sn in addition to the Cu, and the sliding layer The remaining component is that the composition contains 4 to 6 wt% (4 wt% or more and 6 wt% or less) of Ni in addition to CaF2. Thereby, the hardness of a copper alloy can be raised and the mechanical strength can be improved.

  (4). Further, according to the present invention, the main component of the sliding layer has a composition containing 11 to 13 wt% (11 wt% or more and 13 wt% or less) of the Sn in addition to the Cu, and the sliding layer In addition to the CaF2, the remaining components are 1 to 3% by weight (1% to 3% by weight) of the Pb and 4 to 6% by weight (4% to 6% by weight) of the Pb. This is because the composition contains Ni. Thereby, both seizure resistance and mechanical strength can be improved.

(5). According to the present invention, the remaining component of the sliding layer includes Pb and Ni as essential components in addition to the CaF ₂ as essential components, and the CaF ₂ has a particle size of 40 μm to 350 μm. The range is regulated to be 90 to 100% by weight.

According to this configuration, the remaining components of the sintered copper alloy include CaF ₂ , Pb, and Ni as essential components, and CaF ₂ contained in the sintered copper alloy has a particle size in the range of 40 μm to 350 μm. Is 90% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less. Thereby, in addition to ensuring seizure resistance and ensuring mechanical strength at a high level, quality control during mass production can be improved.

In other words, seizure can be suppressed by using Pb as an essential component, and mechanical strength can be improved by using Ni as an essential component. Further, by controlling the particle size of CaF _{2 so that} the particle size in the range of 40 μm or more and 350 μm or less is 90% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less, the surface of the sliding layer exceeds 350 μm due to the fall of CaF _2. It is possible to suppress the formation of pores having a size. As a result, it becomes easy to discriminate between nests or pinholes of 500 μm or more treated as defects of the sintered alloy and vacancies due to the fall of CaF ₂ , and quality control during mass production can be improved.

  (6). According to the present invention, a hollow casing, a rotating shaft rotatably provided in the casing, and a plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially provided shafts that rotate together with the rotating shaft. A cylinder block formed with a cylinder and a cylinder port opened at an end face at a position corresponding to each cylinder; a plurality of pistons removably inserted into each cylinder of the cylinder block; the casing and the cylinder And a valve plate formed with a supply / discharge port communicating with each cylinder via the cylinder port, and the first member is formed with the supply / discharge port serving as the oil passage The second member is the cylinder block in which the cylinder port that slides on the valve plate and forms the oil passage is formed. .

  According to this configuration, the sliding layer made of the above-described sintered copper alloy is formed on one of the sliding surfaces of the valve plate serving as the first member and the cylinder block serving as the second member. The Thereby, it is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the valve plate and the cylinder block. As a result, it is possible to use the hydraulic rotating machine at higher rotation and higher pressure than in the prior art, and the hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size and output. Furthermore, as the seizure resistance is improved, the surface pressure of the sliding portion can be increased. Thereby, the leak amount from a sliding site | part can be reduced and efficiency improvement can also be achieved.

  (7). According to the present invention, a hollow casing, a rotating shaft rotatably provided in the casing, and a plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially provided shafts that rotate together with the rotating shaft. A cylinder block in which a cylinder and a cylinder port opened at an end surface at a position corresponding to each cylinder are formed, and a first oil supply passage is formed inside the cylinder block so as to be reciprocally movable in each cylinder. A plurality of pistons, a valve plate provided between the casing and the cylinder block and having a supply / discharge port communicating with the cylinders via the cylinder ports, and swinging toward the protruding end of each piston A plurality of shoes that are attached to each other and have a second oil supply passage connected to the first oil supply passage, and the valve plate opposite to the valve plate The first member is each shoe in which the second oil supply passage serving as the oil passage is formed, and the second member The member is the swash plate on which the shoes slide.

  According to this configuration, the sliding layer made of the sintered copper alloy described above is formed on one of the sliding surfaces that slide on each of the shoes serving as the first member and the swash plate serving as the second member. The Thereby, it is possible to secure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between each shoe and the swash plate. As a result, the swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size, increased in output, and improved in efficiency.

  (8). According to the present invention, a hollow casing, a rotating shaft provided rotatably in the casing, a plurality of cylinders provided in the casing so as to rotate together with the rotating shaft and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the cylinders And a plurality of pistons that are removably inserted into the cylinder blocks of the cylinder block, and the first member includes: The cylinder block in which the cylinder port serving as the oil passage is formed, and the second member is the piston that slides with respect to the cylinder of the cylinder block.

  According to this configuration, the sliding layer made of the sintered copper alloy described above is formed on one of the sliding surfaces of the cylinder block serving as the first member and the piston serving as the second member that slide relative to each other. . Thereby, it is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the cylinder and the piston. As a result, the hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size, increased in output, and increased in efficiency.

  (9). According to the present invention, a hollow casing, a rotating shaft rotatably provided in the casing, and a plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially provided shafts that rotate together with the rotating shaft. A cylinder block formed with a cylinder and a cylinder port opened at an end face at a position corresponding to each cylinder; a plurality of pistons removably inserted into each cylinder of the cylinder block; the casing and the cylinder A valve plate provided between a block and formed with a supply / discharge port communicating with each cylinder via the cylinder port; a plurality of shoes attached to the protruding end side of each piston so as to be swingable; Each shoe slides on one end surface side which is the cylinder block side, and a convex curved surface sliding surface is formed on the other end surface side, with the swash plate support point as the tilt center. And a tilted sliding surface having a concave curved surface that slides on the sliding surface of the swash plate, and the fluid discharged from the cylinder port flows therethrough. A swash plate support member formed with an oil supply passage, wherein the first member is the swash plate support member formed with the oil supply passage serving as the oil passage, and the second member is the swash plate support member. The swash plate slides with respect to the plate support member.

  According to this configuration, the sliding layer made of the above-mentioned sintered copper alloy is provided on one of the sliding surfaces of the swash plate supporting member that is the first member and the swash plate that is the second member that slides on each other. It is formed. Thereby, it is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the swash plate support member and the swash plate. As a result, the variable capacity and swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size, increased in output and increased in efficiency.

  (10). According to the present invention, a hollow casing, a rotary shaft provided rotatably in the casing and having a tip as a drive disk, and provided in the casing so as to rotate together with the rotary shaft are spaced apart in the circumferential direction. A cylinder block formed with a plurality of cylinders extending in the axial direction and a cylinder port opened at an end face at a position corresponding to each cylinder, and a projecting end side of the cylinder block is reciprocably inserted into each cylinder. A plurality of pistons supported to be able to swing on a drive disk of a rotating shaft, and the cylinder block slides on one end surface side which is the cylinder block side, and a convex curved surface sliding surface is formed on the other end surface side. A valve plate that can be tilted together with the cylinder block with the valve plate support point as a tilting center, and a concave curved surface tilting slide that slides on the sliding surface of the valve plate A head cover having a surface formed thereon, wherein the first member is the valve plate in which a supply / discharge port serving as the oil passage communicating with each of the cylinders via the cylinder port is formed. This member is the head cover on which the valve plate slides.

  According to this configuration, one of the sliding surfaces of the valve plate serving as the first member and the head cover (valve plate support member) serving as the second member slides on each other, and is made of the above-described sintered copper alloy. A dynamic layer is formed. Thereby, it is possible to secure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the valve plate and the head cover. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size, increase the output, and increase the efficiency of the variable capacity and axle type hydraulic rotating machine.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a fixed capacity type and swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a typical organization block diagram which shows the surface of one sliding surface (sliding surface of a valve plate) after finishing. It is a typical organization block diagram which shows the surface of one sliding surface (sliding surface of a valve plate) after a familiar operation. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view showing one sliding surface (sliding surface of a valve plate) after finishing as a cross section in FIG. 2. It is a typical organization block diagram which shows one sliding surface (sliding surface of a valve plate) after a familiar operation as a cross section in FIG. CaF ₂ is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the motor drive pressure when it reaches the 3% by weight-average particle diameter and the seizing limit of CaF ₂ in the case of with the prior art ratio. The average particle size of CaF ₂ is a characteristic diagram showing with prior art ratio relationship between the test pressure when reaching wt% and seizing limit of CaF ₂ in the case of 100 [mu] m. CaF ₂ is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the average particle diameter and the test pressure when it reaches the seizing limit of CaF ₂ in the case of 3 wt% with the prior art ratio. The average particle size of CaF ₂ is a characteristic diagram showing with prior art ratio relationship between the weight percent and the erosion wear amount of CaF ₂ in the case of 100 [mu] m. CaF ₂ is a characteristic diagram showing with prior art ratio the relationship between the average particle diameter and the erosion wear amount of CaF ₂ in the case of 3 wt%. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the variable capacity type and swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which looked at the hydraulic rotating machine from the arrow XII-XII direction in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the variable capacity type | mold and slant axis | shaft type hydraulic rotating machine by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the embodiment of the hydraulic rotating machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking as an example the case of applying to an axial piston type hydraulic rotating machine.

  1 to 10 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a hydraulic rotary machine employed in the first embodiment, more specifically, a fixed displacement type driven by supply of hydraulic oil, which is a representative example of oil liquid, and a swash plate type hydraulic pressure. A motor (hereinafter referred to as a hydraulic motor 1) is shown. Reference numeral 2 denotes a hollow casing that forms an outer shell of the hydraulic motor 1. The casing 2 includes a casing body 3 that is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape and has an opening 3 A and a bottom 3 B, and an opening 3 A of the casing body 3. It is comprised with the cover body 4 which obstruct | occludes.

  The bottom surface 3B of the casing body 3 is formed with an inclined surface 3C that is inclined with respect to the axis center of the rotating shaft 5 described later. A pair of supply / discharge passages 4 </ b> A and 4 </ b> B are formed in the lid 4 of the casing 2. These supply / discharge passages 4A and 4B are connected to a hydraulic pressure source (both not shown) via, for example, a directional control valve. In this case, for example, when high pressure oil (motor drive pressure) is supplied from one supply / discharge passage 4A, the other supply / discharge passage 4B becomes the low pressure side and the return oil of the hydraulic motor is discharged toward the tank. Is.

  The rotating shaft 5 is provided in the casing 2 so as to extend and rotate in the axial direction. The rotating shaft 5 is rotatably attached to the bottom 3 </ b> B of the casing body 3 via a bearing 6 on one side in the axial direction (the right side in FIG. 1). The other side of the rotating shaft 5 (left side in FIG. 1) is rotatably attached to the lid 4 via a bearing 7.

  The cylinder block 8 is rotatably provided in the casing 2 via the rotation shaft 5. The cylinder block 8 is attached to the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 5 by spline coupling, and rotates together with the rotating shaft 5 (integrally). The cylinder block 8 has one end surface (on the right side in FIG. 1) facing a swash plate 14 described later. The other end surface (the left side in FIG. 1) of the cylinder block 8 is a sliding surface (switching sliding surface) 8A that slides on a sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12 described later. A cylinder 9 described later is formed in the cylinder block 8 together with a cylinder port 10.

  The plurality of cylinders 9 are respectively formed (perforated) in the cylinder block 8. The cylinders 9 are spaced apart from each other with a certain interval in the circumferential direction of the cylinder block 8 around the rotation shaft 5, and extend in the axial direction of the cylinder block 8. One end side (the right end side in FIG. 1) of each cylinder 9 opens to the end face of the cylinder block 8. A cylinder port 10 is formed on the other end side (left end side in FIG. 1) of each cylinder 9. The inner surface of each cylinder 9 is a sliding surface 9A on which a sliding surface 11B of a piston 11 described later slides. The cylinder port 10 is formed (perforated) so as to open to the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8 at a position corresponding to each cylinder 9. The cylinder port 10 communicates intermittently with supply / discharge ports 12B and 12C of the valve plate 12 which will be described later.

  The plurality of pistons 11 are inserted into the respective cylinders 9 so as to be able to reciprocate. Each piston 11 is slidably displaced (reciprocated) in each cylinder 9 by supplying or discharging pressure oil into the cylinder 9 via the cylinder port 10 from the supply / discharge passages 4A and 4B, for example. At this time, each piston 11 generates a rotational force about the rotation shaft 5 with respect to the cylinder block 8 based on the sliding displacement.

  One end side (right end side in FIG. 1) of each piston 11 protrudes from the cylinder 9 toward a swash plate 14 described later, and the protruding end is a spherical portion 11A. A later-described shoe 13 is attached to the spherical portion 11A. The outer peripheral surface of each piston 11 is a sliding surface 11B that slides with respect to the sliding surface 9A that is the inner surface of the cylinder 9. Inside each piston 11, a first oil supply passage 11 </ b> C through which oil liquid (operating oil) in the cylinder 9 flows is formed so as to extend in the axial direction. The first oil supply passage 11 </ b> C supplies oil in the cylinder 9 as a lubricating oil to a sliding portion between the shoe 13 and the swash plate 14 through a second oil supply passage 13 </ b> B formed in the shoe 13. is there.

  The valve plate 12 is provided between the lid 4 of the casing 2 and the cylinder block 8. The valve plate 12 is formed in a disc shape and is fixed to the lid body 4. In the valve plate 12, one end surface side (the right end surface side in FIG. 1) on the cylinder block 8 side is a sliding surface 12A on which the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8 slides. The valve plate 12 is formed with a pair of supply / discharge ports 12B and 12C so as to sandwich the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston. The supply / discharge ports 12 </ b> B and 12 </ b> C allow oil to flow between the cylinder 9 and the supply / discharge passages 4 </ b> A and 4 </ b> B of the lid 4. One end side (the right end side in FIG. 1) of the supply / discharge ports 12 </ b> B and 12 </ b> C is open to the sliding surface 12 </ b> A and communicates with the cylinder 9 via the cylinder port 10. The other end side (left end side in FIG. 1) of the supply / discharge ports 12 </ b> B and 12 </ b> C communicates with the supply / discharge passages 4 </ b> A and 4 </ b> B of the lid 4.

  The shoe 13 is swingably attached to a spherical portion 11 </ b> A that is the protruding end side of each piston 11. Each shoe 13 has a sliding surface 13A that slides on a sliding surface 14A of a swash plate 14 described later. Each shoe 13 is pressed against the sliding surface 14 </ b> A of the swash plate 14 by the piston 11, and slides on the sliding surface 14 </ b> A so as to draw an annular locus as the cylinder block 8 rotates.

  Each shoe 13 is formed with a second oil supply passage 13B connected to the first oil supply passage 11C of the piston 11 so as to penetrate the inside. In the second oil supply passage 13B, the oil from the first oil supply passage 11C flows, and one end side (the right end side in FIG. 1) of the second oil supply passage 13B opens to the sliding surface 13A. Yes. Thus, the oil in the cylinder 9 is supplied to the sliding portion between the shoe 13 and the swash plate 14 via the first oil supply passage 11C and the second oil supply passage 13B.

  The swash plate 14 is provided to face the cylinder block 8 at a position opposite to the valve plate 12 across the cylinder block 8. The swash plate 14 is disposed obliquely between the bottom 3B of the casing body 3 and the cylinder block 8 (in a state of being inclined along the inclined surface 3C of the bottom 3B) with the rotary shaft 5 inserted through the center thereof. ing. The surface of the swash plate 14 that faces the cylinder block 8 is a sliding surface 14A on which the sliding surface 13A of each shoe 13 slides.

  The shoe presser 15 is for restricting the position of each shoe 13. The shoe presser 15 is formed in a ring shape. The retainer ball 16 is fitted to one end of the cylinder block 8 (the right end in FIG. 1). The outer peripheral surface of the retainer ball 16 has a spherical shape and is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the shoe presser 15. The pressing spring 17 is located in the cylinder block 8 and is provided between the retainer ball 16 and the cylinder block 8. The pressing spring 17 presses each shoe 13 toward the swash plate 14 via the retainer ball 16 and the shoe presser 15. At the same time, the pressing spring 17 presses the sliding surface 8 </ b> A of the cylinder block 8 toward the valve plate 12.

  Next, the operation of the hydraulic motor 1 according to the first embodiment will be described.

  The pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic source (hydraulic pump) is guided to the supply / discharge passage 4 </ b> A serving as a supply passage formed in the lid 4. The pressure oil guided to the supply / discharge passage 4 </ b> A is supplied into the cylinder 9 through the supply / discharge port 12 </ b> B serving as a supply port formed in the valve plate 12 and the cylinder port 10 of the cylinder block 8. As a result, the pressure oil in the cylinder 9 presses the piston 11 and presses the shoe 13 against the sliding surface 14 </ b> A of the swash plate 14 via the piston 11. The piston 11 rotates the cylinder block 8 by the reaction force of the pressing force, and the rotary shaft 5 is rotationally driven integrally with the cylinder block 8. At this time, the pressure oil supplied into the cylinder 9 passes through the cylinder port 10, the supply / discharge port 12 </ b> C serving as a discharge port formed in the valve plate 12, and the supply / discharge passage 4 </ b> B serving as a discharge passage formed in the lid 4. , Refluxed to the tank.

  Next, the sliding layer 21 (see FIGS. 2 to 5) formed of a sintered alloy, which is a feature of the first embodiment, will be described.

  In other words, during operation, the hydraulic motor 1 slides between the cylinder 9 of the cylinder block 8 serving as the “first member” and the piston 11 serving as the “second member”. In addition to this, the valve plate 12 serving as the “first member” and the cylinder block 8 serving as the “second member” slide. Further, the shoe 13 as the “first member” and the swash plate 14 as the “second member” slide.

  In this case, describing the first set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface”, the cylinder block 8 defines the sliding surface 9A of the cylinder 9 which becomes the “first sliding surface”. The piston 11 has a sliding surface 11B that serves as a “second sliding surface”, and a cylinder port 10 that serves as an “oil passage” opens in the sliding surface 9A of the cylinder 9. Yes. The second set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface” will be described. The valve plate 12 has a sliding surface 12 </ b> A that becomes a “first sliding surface” and the cylinder block 8. Has a sliding surface 8A serving as a “second sliding surface”, and supply / exhaust ports 12B and 12C serving as “oil passages” are opened on the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12. A cylinder port 10 serving as an “oil passage” is opened on the sliding surface 8A. The third set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface” will be described. The shoe 13 has a sliding surface 13A to be a “first sliding surface”. , A sliding surface 14A serving as a “second sliding surface” is provided, and a second oil supply passage 13B serving as an “oil passage” is opened on the sliding surface 13A of the shoe 13. In other words, the oil liquid (operating oil) is supplied to the sliding parts of the “first sliding surface and the second sliding surface” which are the sliding parts of the hydraulic motor 1 through the “oil passage”. It has a configuration.

  In the case of the first embodiment, at least one set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface” out of three sets of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface”. Is configured as described below. In the following description, the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12 is used as a representative example of the “first sliding surface”, and the sliding of the cylinder block 8 is used as a representative example of the “second sliding surface”. This will be described using the surface 8A.

In the case of the first embodiment, one of the sliding surfaces 12A of the valve plate 12 and the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8, for example, the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12 is shown in FIG. Or the sliding layer 21 which consists of a sintered copper alloy as shown in FIG. 5 is formed. That is, the valve plate 12 is formed of an iron-based material such as cast iron or steel, and the sliding surface 12A serving as the surface of the valve plate 12 has Cu (copper) and Sn (tin) as main components and the remaining components remaining. It consists of a sintered copper alloy of the composition In addition, when a main component (Cu and Sn) and the remainder component are added, it will be 100 weight%. Here, the remaining component contains 2 to 6 wt% (2 wt% or more and 6 wt% or less) of CaF ₂ (calcium fluoride) as an essential component, and the average particle size of the CaF ₂ is 40 μm to 350 μm ( 40 μm or more and 350 μm or less). In this case, the sintered copper alloy is a total of 100 wt% when the remaining components including CaF ₂ as an essential component are added to wt% of Cu and Sn as main components.

  On the other hand, the other sliding surface of the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12 and the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8, for example, the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8 is made of a sliding layer of steel material. It is composed. Specifically, the cylinder block 8 is formed of an iron-based material such as cast iron or steel, and is subjected to nitriding heat treatment or carburizing heat treatment, and surface treatment or coating treatment is performed as necessary. . That is, the sliding layer 21 made of the copper alloy as described above is not formed on the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8.

Here, the remaining component of the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21 on one sliding surface (sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12) includes Pb as an essential component in addition to CaF ₂ as an essential component. (Lead), Ni (nickel), Be (berium), P (phosphorus), Fe (iron), Zn (zinc), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Mn (manganese), Mg (magnesium), S A composition containing at least one component of (sulfur), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), and W (tungsten) is preferable. For example, the sintered copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components can be 11 to 13 wt% (11 wt% or more and 13 wt% or less). Cu in the main component is preferably 50% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less. On the other hand, the remaining components with respect to the main component, that is, the remaining components are 4 to 6 wt% (4 wt% to 6 wt%) Ni, 2 to 6 wt% (2 wt% to 6 wt%). it can be a composition containing CaF ₂ as an essential component. In this case as well, when the weight percentage of the remaining components including CaF ₂ and Ni as essential components is added to the weight percentage of Cu and Sn as the main components, the total is 100 wt%.

More preferably, the remaining component of the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21 includes Pb and Ni as essential components in addition to CaF ₂ as an essential component. For example, the sintered copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components can be 11 to 13 wt% (11 wt% or more and 13 wt% or less). On the other hand, the remaining component relative to the main component, that is, the remaining component is 1 to 3 wt% (1 wt% to 3 wt%) of Pb, 4 to 6 wt% (4 wt% to 6 wt%). A composition containing Ni, 2 to 6 wt% (2 wt% or more and 6 wt% or less) of CaF ₂ as an essential component can be obtained. Also in this case, when the weight percentage of the remaining components including CaF ₂ , Ni, and Pb, which are essential components, is added to the weight percentage of Cu and Sn, which are the main components, the total amount is 100 wt%.

Further, the CaF ₂ contained in the sintered copper alloy has a particle size in the range of 40 μm to 350 μm (40 μm to 350 μm) so that it is 90 to 100% by weight (90% to 100% by weight). regulate. In this case, regulation of the particle size of the CaF _2, for example, can be managed over a CaF ₂ powder sieve.

The sliding layer 21 made of such a sintered copper alloy is manufactured by powder metallurgy. A specific manufacturing method will be described. First, sintered copper alloy raw materials containing Cu and Sn as main components are mechanically mixed to produce a uniform mixed powder. The metal composition of the mixed powder is Pb, Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, which can be manufactured by powder metallurgy, if necessary, in addition to the remaining essential component CaF ₂ , Ti, V, Cr, W or the like or one or more of these alloys may be added. However, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W are components that can be added rather than components that expect an effect, and may be added as long as the weight percentages do not damage the counterpart material. The total of Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W is preferably less than 5% by weight, that is, 0% by weight or more and less than 5% by weight.

  The mixed powder is placed in a molding die corresponding to the shape of the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12, for example, and molded at a pressure of 0.5 to 5 MPa (0.5 MPa or more and 5 MPa or less), thereby sliding before sintering. A formed body corresponding to the layer 21 is formed. This formed body may be formed using CIP (cold isostatic pressing). On the other hand, for the base material on which the sliding layer 21 of the sintered copper alloy is formed on the surface, for example, a steel material is formed (processed) into the shape of the valve plate 12, and then the surface is plated with Cu. The molded body is placed on a steel material (base material) plated with Cu, and the temperature is increased to 500 to 900 ° C. (500 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less) in a sintering furnace in a reducing gas atmosphere. (0.5 hour or more and 4 hours or less) and hold | maintain at predetermined | prescribed temperature. As a result, the molded body is sintered, and at the same time, the molded body is diffusion bonded to the steel material (base material) plated with Cu. As a result, a member (valve plate 12) having a sliding layer 21 made of a sintered copper alloy on the surface can be manufactured.

  It is desirable to apply pressure during sintering, and when pressurized, adhesion between the sintered copper alloy and the base material can be improved. As another manufacturing method, a steel material (base material) plated with Cu is placed on a carbon mold, and mixed powder is packed thereon and sintered. In this case, the mixed powder is pressurized with a carbon pin or the like.

  As the sintering method, in addition to sintering by heating, methods such as hot pressing (heating + pressurization), current sintering, plasma sintering, etc. may be adopted. If such a sintering method is used, the sliding layer 21 having a relative density of 95% or more can be manufactured. Furthermore, the relative density can be increased by using HIP (hot isostatic pressing) or the like.

  In general, sintered members manufactured by powder metallurgy are handled as defects of nests and pinholes of 500 μm or more, and mass production quality control is performed.

  Next, the components of the copper alloy containing Cu and Sn as main components will be described. Sn as the main component is a component that diffuses into Cu during sintering and promotes sintering to form a bronze alloy. Sn is generally contained in the range of 5 to 15% by weight (5% to 15% by weight). If this content is small, the sinterability becomes insufficient and the mechanical strength of the structure decreases, and diffusion bonding with the Cu plating on the steel material does not proceed, and there is a possibility that sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained. is there. On the other hand, if the content is large, segregation and pores may occur and the structure may become brittle, which may lead to a decrease in mechanical strength and a deterioration in sliding characteristics.

  When the content of Pb as the remaining component exceeds 10% by weight, it melts during sintering to generate a hot-cold nest, which may cause a decrease in strength. Therefore, Pb can be, for example, 0 to 10% by weight (0 to 10% by weight). The content of Ni, which is the remaining component, has a function of imparting mechanical strength, but if it is less than 2% by weight, no effect is exhibited, and if 8% by weight or more is added, mechanical strength does not increase. If it exceeds 15% by weight, the melting point for solid melting rises, and it is necessary to raise the sintering temperature for sintering. Therefore, Ni is, for example, less than 15% by weight, that is, 0% by weight or more and less than 15% by weight, specifically 2% by weight or more and less than 15% by weight, more specifically 2% by weight or more and less than 8% by weight. It can be.

In summary, for example, the main component can be greater than Cu: 50 wt% and 93 wt% or less, and Sn: 5 wt% or more and 15 wt% or less. The remaining components are CaF ₂ : 2 wt% or more and 6 wt% or less, Pb: 0 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less, Ni: 0 wt% or more and less than 15 wt%, Other remaining components: 0 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less It can be less than% by weight. That is, when all are added, the total amount can be 100% by weight.

  2 and 3 schematically show the surface of the copper alloy thus manufactured, that is, the surface of the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21. FIG. 4 and 5 schematically show the cross section. 2 and 4 show the copper alloy after finishing, and FIGS. 3 and 5 show the copper alloy after the familiar operation.

2 to 5, the pear-skinned pattern portion denoted by reference numeral 22 represents Cu, the black painted portion denoted by reference numeral 23 represents CaF ₂ particles, and the white coating (reference numeral 24). The portion of (color on the paper surface) indicates pores formed by the removal of CaF ₂ from the surface of the copper alloy. 2 to 5, the structure is such that CaF ₂ particles 23 having an average particle diameter of 40 μm to 350 μm are uniformly dispersed in a copper alloy matrix.

The finished copper alloy shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 is obtained by finishing the surface by sintering, polishing, lapping or the like after sintering. By this finishing process, the surface is in a state where a portion where the CaF ₂ particles 23 are dropped and the holes 24 are formed and a portion where the pores 24 are not dropped are mixed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the CaF ₂ particles 23 inside the surface other than the surface are dispersed and intervened inside without falling off. For this reason, the strength of the copper alloy does not decrease, and only the location where the surface is dropped (hole 24) acts as an oil reservoir. This makes it possible to improve the seizure resistance while ensuring the strength of the copper alloy. Since the CaF ₂ particles 23 remaining without falling off the surface act as a solid lubricant, even when remaining, the effect of improving the seizure resistance is exhibited.

The copper alloy after the familiar operation shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 is the one after the familiar (run-in) operation for about 30 minutes. The sliding resistance is applied to the surface of the copper alloy by the operation, and the CaF ₂ particles 23 are further dropped from the surface state shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. Thereby, it turns out that it is the surface state in which the seizure resistance was further improved. In this case, the copper alloy of the sliding layer 21, that is, the copper alloy of the first embodiment mainly composed of Cu and Sn has a Mohs hardness of about 4 to 5, whereas the CaF ₂ particles 23 has a Mohs hardness of 4 which is similar to that of a copper alloy. However, CaF ₂ particles 23 are the easily broken brittle particles, CaF ₂ particles 23 who dropped during operation is discharged without damaging the copper alloy of the sliding layer 21 substantially. The sliding partner material is a steel material such as cast iron or steel having a Mohs hardness of about 5 to 7, and is higher in hardness than the CaF ₂ particles 23, so that the sliding partner material is discharged without being substantially damaged.

  Next, a test performed to confirm the effect of the sliding layer 21 of the sintered copper alloy according to the first embodiment will be described.

First, a seizure test was performed using the actual hydraulic motor 1 incorporating the valve plate 12 formed of a sintered copper alloy as the sliding layer 21. The sintered copper alloy used as the sliding layer 21 of the valve plate 12 used in this test has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components has a composition of 11 to 13% by weight. The balance of the components was 3% by weight of CaF ₂ , 1 to 3% by weight of Pb, and 4 to 6% by weight of Ni as essential components. A seizure test was performed on each of the three valve plates 12 in which the average particle size of CaF ₂ was adjusted to 50 μm, 100 μm, and 280 μm, respectively. In addition, the surface of the cylinder block 8 which becomes the sliding partner of the valve plate 12 was a sliding layer of a steel-based material (the sliding layer of the sintered copper alloy was not formed).

The seizure test was performed with the hydraulic motor 1 in which the sliding surface pressure between the valve plate 12 and the cylinder block 8 was higher than usual. That is, under the condition that the rotational speed is constant, the motor driving pressure is gradually increased, and the pressure when the amount of leakage from the sliding portion between the valve plate 12 and the cylinder block 8 increases rapidly is defined as the seizure limit value. evaluated. Specifically, it was compared with a valve plate made of a sintered copper alloy containing no CaF ₂ manufactured by the technique (prior art) according to Patent Document 1 described above.

FIG. 6 shows the test results. It was confirmed that the seizure limit value was higher than that of the prior art when the average particle size of CaF ₂ was 50 μm, 100 μm, or 280 μm, as compared with the prior art.

Next, in order to grasp the weight% and particle size range of CaF _{2 from} which the seizure limit value equal to or higher than that of the prior art can be obtained from the result of the above-described actual motor test, an element test (seizure limit test) is performed. Carried out. In this seizure limit test, after sliding for 15 minutes under the condition of a constant test pressure, it is disassembled and the sliding surface is confirmed. If there is no problem, the test pressure is increased by 0.5 MPa. The test pressure at which the sliding material was transferred to the mating material was evaluated as the seizing limit point. The test conditions for the seizure limit test are as follows.

Testing machine: JIS constant speed type friction testing machine (JIS D4311)
Sliding plate lining: Outer diameter Φ97mm x Inner diameter Φ54mm
Sliding part area: 51 cm ²
Opponent material: FCD
Sliding speed: 10.8m / sec
Test pressure: Increase the tester cylinder pressure by 0.5MPa from 0.5MPa (run for 15 minutes at each pressure)
Oil temperature: 50 ° C
Lubricating oil: Hydraulic fluid (VG46)

First, an evaluation test in which the weight percent of CaF ₂ was changed was performed. Two different types of copper alloys for the test pieces used in this test were prepared. One copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining component with respect to the main component was a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ ) containing 4 to 6 wt% Ni and 2 to 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components.

The other copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining components with respect to the main component are composed of 1 to 3% by weight of Pb, 4 to 6% by weight of Ni, and 1 to 6% by weight of CaF ₂ as essential components (Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ ). In either case (both one copper alloy and the other copper alloy), the average particle size of CaF ₂ was adjusted to 100 μm.

FIG. 7 shows the test results. This test result shows that the ratio of the conventional technology of the valve plate 12 having a CaF ₂ average particle diameter of 100 μm in the seizure test with the actual motor shown in FIG. The element test data values of 3% by weight of CaF ₂ and an average particle size of 100 μm were arranged as equivalent (1.8 times) compared to the prior art.

In both compositions of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ and Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ , when CaF ₂ is 3 wt% or less, the above-described oil reservoir effect on the copper alloy surface gradually decreases, It was confirmed that the sticking limit value also tends to decrease gradually. Compared with the prior art, the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ has a lower seizure limit. However, if both compositions have CaF ₂ of 2% by weight or more, the seizure limit is equal to or higher than that of the prior art. It was confirmed that it was a value.

Next, evaluation tests were carried out with varied average particle diameter of CaF _2. Two different types of copper alloys for the test pieces used in this test were prepared. One copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining component with respect to the main component was a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ ) containing 4 to 6 wt% Ni and 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components.

The other copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining components with respect to the main component include a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ ) containing 1 to 3 wt% Pb, 4 to 6 wt% Ni, and 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components. did.

FIG. 8 shows the test results. This test result is also 1.8 times the conventional technology ratio of the valve plate 12 having a CaF ₂ average particle size of 100 μm in the seizure test with the actual motor shown in FIG. The element test data values of 3% by weight of CaF ₂ and an average particle size of 100 μm were arranged as equivalent (1.8 times) compared to the prior art. In the case of the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ , the seizure limit sharply decreased when the average particle size was less than 40 μm and more than 350 μm. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the seizure limit was equal to or higher than that of the prior art when the average particle size was in the range of 40 to 350 μm.

In the case of the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ , the seizure limit was 1.2 times that of the prior art at an average particle size of 100 μm, but the actual motor with the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ Presuming from the seizure test and the element test results, it is considered that the seizure limit does not rapidly decrease when the average particle size is in the range of 40 to 350 μm. Therefore, in both compositions of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ and Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ , when the average particle size of CaF ₂ is in the range of 40 to 350 μm, the seizure limit value is equal to or higher than that of the prior art. Is considered possible.

From the above, the results of seizure test (element test) are summarized. By controlling CaF _{2 in an amount} of 2% by weight or more and the average particle size in the range of 40 to 350 μm, seizure resistance is equal to or higher than that of the prior art. Is possible.

Next, an elemental test (erosion test) was performed on the erosion wear amount in order to grasp the weight percent of CaF ₂ and the particle size range.

  In the erosion test, a sample was attached to the tip of an oscillating horn using an ultrasonic erosion tester, ultrasonic waves were oscillated while applying a water flow to the sample, and the weight change of the sample was measured. That is, when an ultrasonic wave is transmitted, cavitation occurs on the sample surface, and the lining portion falls off. In this state, the weight of the sample after 1 hour and 2 hours was measured to determine the weight reduction amount of the test piece, which was taken as the erosion wear amount. The test conditions of the erosion test are as follows.

Tester: Ultrasonic erosion tester Test piece: Outer diameter 18mm x Thickness 10mm (lining thickness 1mm)
Oscillation frequency: 20 kHz
Amplitude: ± 37 μm
Water temperature: 50 ° C

The test results were evaluated by comparing the decrease in the test piece weight after 1 hour and 2 hours with the test results of the copper alloy not containing CaF ₂ manufactured by the technique of Patent Document 1. On the vertical axis, the ratio of the prior art showing the comparison between the wear amount of the test piece and the prior art is plotted.

First, an evaluation test in which the weight percent of CaF ₂ was changed was performed. Two different types of copper alloys for the test pieces used in this test were prepared. One copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining component with respect to the main component was a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ ) containing 4 to 6 wt% Ni and 2 to 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components.

The other copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining components with respect to the main component are composed of 1 to 3% by weight of Pb, 4 to 6% by weight of Ni, and 1 to 6% by weight of CaF ₂ as essential components (Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ ). In either case (both one copper alloy and the other copper alloy), the average particle size of CaF ₂ was adjusted to 100 μm.

FIG. 9 shows the test results. In both compositions of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ and Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ , the amount of erosion wear tended to decrease as CaF ₂ decreased. The erosion wear amount was larger in the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ , but if CaF ₂ is 6 wt% or less, the erosion wear amount may be smaller than that in the prior art. It could be confirmed.

Next, evaluation tests were carried out with varied average particle diameter of CaF _2. Two different types of copper alloys for the test pieces used in this test were prepared. One copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining component with respect to the main component was a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—CaF ₂ ) containing 4 to 6 wt% Ni and 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components.

The other copper alloy has Cu and Sn as main components, and Sn in the main components is 11 to 13% by weight. The remaining components with respect to the main component include a composition (Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ ) containing 1 to 3 wt% Pb, 4 to 6 wt% Ni, and 3 wt% CaF ₂ as essential components. did.

FIG. 10 shows the test results. In the composition of Cu—Sn—Ni—Pb—CaF ₂ , the erosion wear amount tended to decrease as the average particle size of CaF ₂ increased. The amount of erosion wear was higher in Cu-Sn-Ni-Pb-CaF ₂ than in the composition of Cu-Sn-Ni-CaF ₂ , but if the average particle size of CaF ₂ was 40 µm or more, erosion It was confirmed that the amount of wear was less than that of the prior art.

The results of the erosion test (element test) are summarized as follows: CaF ₂ is 6% by weight or less and the average particle size is 40 μm or more, so that the amount of erosion wear is less than that of the prior art and the mechanical strength is equal to or more than that of the prior art. I found out that

Summarizing the results of the above motor seizure test and element test (seizure limit test and erosion test), CaF ₂ is ₂ to 6 wt% (2 wt% ≦ CaF ₂ content ratio ≦ 6 wt%), average It has been found that by setting the particle size in the range of 40 to 350 μm (40 μm ≦ CaF ₂ average particle size ≦ 350 μm), it is possible to achieve both seizure resistance equal to or higher than that of the prior art and mechanical strength.

In particular, in addition to Cu and Sn as main components and CaF ₂ as an essential component in the remaining components, and Pb and Ni as essential components, seizure resistance and mechanical strength can be achieved at a higher level. We were able to confirm that both were compatible. In this case, CaF ₂ is managed so that the particle size is 90 wt% or more and 100 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of CaF _{2 in} the range of 40 μm to 350 μm. As a result, it is possible to distinguish from voids 24 due to defects such as nests of 500 μm or more that are treated as defects in the copper alloy manufacturing process, and it is possible to provide a copper alloy that is easy to mass-produce quality control.

Furthermore, in the prior art, there is one in which seizure resistance is improved by containing about 10% by weight of Pb, but in the first embodiment, CaF ₂ is blended in order to improve seizure resistance. , Pb weight% can be reduced. Moreover, the mechanical strength can be improved by blending CaF ₂ . Thereby, in 1st Embodiment, even if it reduces Pb to 3 weight% or less, the seizure resistance and mechanical strength equivalent to or more than the prior art can be obtained. For this reason, from the viewpoint of environmental protection in recent years, it is possible to cope with the movement of prohibiting or reducing the inclusion of environmentally hazardous substances such as Pb contained in various industrial products.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21 on one sliding surface is a copper alloy mainly composed of Cu and Sn, and the balance The composition contains CaF ₂ as an essential component. In this case, CaF ₂ is 2% by weight or more and 6% by weight or less (2% by weight ≦ CaF ₂ content ratio ≦ 6% by weight) and an average particle size of 40 μm or more and 350 μm or less (40 μm ≦ CaF ₂ average particle size ≦ 350 μm). Thereby, mechanical strength (material strength, erosion wear resistance) can be ensured by the CaF ₂ particles 23 interposed inside (in the copper alloy). Moreover, the CaF ₂ particles 23 intervening on the surface (sliding surface) drop off from the surface to form holes 24 on the surface, and the holes 24 act as oil reservoirs. On the other hand, the CaF ₂ particles 23 remaining on the surface act as a solid lubricant with the mating surface. Thereby, seizure resistance can be ensured.

In the case of CaF ₂ is less than 2 wt%, CaF ₂ particles 23 interposed surface is reduced. For this reason, the action of the oil reservoir due to the falling off of the CaF ₂ particles 23 (holes 24) and the action of the CaF ₂ particles 23 remaining on the surface as a solid lubricant may be reduced, making it difficult to ensure seizure resistance. There is. On the other hand, when CaF ₂ is increased, the seizure resistance can be improved by increasing the oil sump and the solid lubricant. However, when CaF ₂ exceeds 6% by weight, the increase in CaF ₂ having low toughness and the increase in the grain boundary of CaF ₂ decrease the erosion wear resistance (the wear increases). There is a risk.

Even if the CaF ₂ content is ₂ to 6% by weight, for example, when the average particle size is less than 40 μm, the grain boundary between the CaF ₂ and the metal (copper) increases on the surface of the sliding layer 21, and the erosion resistance is increased. There is a possibility that the wearability is reduced (wear is increased). If the average particle diameter of CaF ₂ exceeds 350 .mu.m, for example, reduces the number of holes 24 by dropping the CaF ₂ particles 23, there is a possibility that seizure resistance is lowered.

On the other hand, according to the first embodiment, CaF ₂ is regulated to 2 to 6% by weight and an average particle size of 40 μm to 350 μm, so that the inside and the surface of the sliding layer 21 are well balanced. CaF ₂ particles 23 can be distributed, and both seizure resistance and mechanical strength (erosion wear resistance) can be ensured.

According to the first embodiment, the remaining components of the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21 include Pb, Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, in addition to the essential component CaF ₂ . The composition contains at least one component of Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W. Thereby, securing of seizure resistance and securing of mechanical strength can be achieved at a high level.

For example, when the composition contains Pb, an amount of Pb component exceeding the solid solubility limit of the copper alloy is dispersed in the matrix. As a result, when the seizure occurs during sliding (the surface temperature is higher than the melting point of Pb), Pb in the vicinity of the sliding surface melts and seizure can be suppressed. it can. As a result, in addition to the effect of improving seizure resistance due to CaF _2, the effect of suppressing seizure due to Pb can be obtained, and therefore, further improvement in seizure resistance can be achieved by the synergistic effect of both.

  For example, when the composition does not include Pb and includes at least one of Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W, copper The hardness of the alloy can be increased, and the mechanical strength can be improved. For example, the main component has a composition containing 11 to 13% by weight (11 to 13% by weight) Sn in addition to Cu, and the remaining component is 4 to 6% by weight (4% in addition to CaF 2). Wt% or more and 6 wt% or less).

  Furthermore, when the composition contains Pb in addition to at least one of Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti, V, Cr, and W, seizure resistance Both mechanical strength and mechanical strength can be improved. For example, the main component has a composition containing 11 to 13% by weight (11 to 13% by weight) Sn in addition to Cu, and the remaining component is 1 to 3% by weight (1% in addition to CaF 2). The composition may contain Pb in an amount of not less than 3% by weight and not more than 3% by weight and 4 to 6% by weight (not less than 4% by weight and not more than 6% by weight) of Ni.

According to the first embodiment, the remaining components of the sintered copper alloy formed as the sliding layer 21 include CaF ₂ , Pb and Ni as essential components, and CaF ₂ contained in the sintered copper alloy is In the range of 40 μm or more and 350 μm or less (40 μm ≦ particle diameter ≦ 350 μm), the particle size is 90 wt% or more and 100 wt% or less with respect to the total weight of CaF ₂ (90 wt% ≦ content ratio of predetermined particle size ≦ 100) (% By weight). Thereby, in addition to ensuring seizure resistance and ensuring mechanical strength at a high level, quality control during mass production can be improved.

In other words, seizure can be suppressed by using Pb as an essential component, and mechanical strength can be improved by using Ni as an essential component. Further, by managing the particle size of CaF _{2 so that} the particle size in the range of 40 μm or more and 350 μm or less is 90% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less, 350 μm is reduced on the surface of the sliding layer 21 due to the fall of CaF _2. It is possible to suppress the formation of the voids 24 having a size exceeding that. Thereby, it becomes easy to discriminate between nests and pinholes of 500 μm or more treated as defects of the sintered alloy and the holes 24 due to the fall of CaF ₂ , and quality control during mass production can be improved.

  According to the first embodiment, one of the sliding surfaces of the valve plate 12 serving as the first member and the cylinder block 8 serving as the second member that slide with each other, that is, the sliding surface of the valve plate 12. A sliding layer 21 made of the above sintered copper alloy is formed on 12A. Thereby, it is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the valve plate 12 and the cylinder block 8. As a result, it is possible to use the hydraulic motor 1 at higher rotation and higher pressure than in the prior art, and the hydraulic motor 1 can be reduced in size and output. Furthermore, as the seizure resistance is improved, the surface pressure of the sliding portion can be increased. Thereby, the leak amount from a sliding site | part can be reduced and efficiency improvement can also be achieved.

  The actual machine test whose result is shown in FIG. 6 is a sliding surface of the sliding surface 12A of the valve plate 12 and the sliding surface 8A of the cylinder block 8, that is, the sliding surface of the valve plate 12. The hydraulic motor 1 in which a sliding layer 21 made of a sintered copper alloy was formed on 12A was used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the sliding layer 21 made of a sintered copper alloy has one sliding surface of the sliding surface 9A of the cylinder 9 and the sliding surface 11B of the piston 11, and the sliding surface of the shoe 13. 13A and the sliding surface 14A of the swash plate 14 may be formed on one sliding surface.

  When the sliding layer 21 made of the above sintered copper alloy is formed on one of the sliding surface 9A of the cylinder 9 and the sliding surface 11B of the piston 11, the cylinder 9 and the piston 11 It is possible to secure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion. Thereby, also from this aspect, the hydraulic motor 1 can be reduced in size, output, and efficiency.

  When the sliding layer 21 made of the above sintered copper alloy is formed on one of the sliding surfaces 13A of the shoe 13 and the sliding surface 14A of the swash plate 14, It is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion with the plate 14. Thereby, also from this aspect, the hydraulic motor 1 can be reduced in size, output, and efficiency.

  Next, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show a second embodiment of the present invention. A feature of the second embodiment is that a sliding layer made of a sintered copper alloy is formed on a sliding surface of a variable capacity type and swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a variable displacement type and swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine casing. The casing 31 is hollow. That is, the casing 31 includes a stepped cylindrical casing body 32 whose one end side (the right end side in FIGS. 11 and 12) is a bottom 32A, and the other end side of the casing body 32 (the left end in FIGS. 11 and 12). And a lid 33 provided on the casing main body 32 so as to close the side).

  An actuator mounting portion 32B is provided on the casing body 32 of the casing 31 at a position spaced apart from the bottom portion 32A in the axial direction. The actuator attachment portion 32 </ b> B protrudes outward in the radial direction of the casing body 32. A tilt actuator 37, which will be described later, is provided in the actuator mounting portion 32B. On the other hand, a pair of supply / discharge passages 33 </ b> A and 33 </ b> B is formed in the lid 33 of the casing 31.

  A first oil supply passage 31 </ b> A is formed in the casing 31 across the lid 33 and the casing body 32. The first oil supply passage 31A is connected to the supply / discharge passage 33A of the lid 33, and the fluid (hydraulic oil) in the supply / discharge passage 33A flows therethrough. The first oil supply passage 31A allows the oil in the supply / discharge passage 33A to slide between the swash plate support member 35 and the swash plate 34 through a second oil supply passage 35B formed in the swash plate support member 35 described later. It is supplied as lubricating oil to the part.

  The swash plate 34 is provided in the casing 31 so as to be tiltable. The swash plate 34 is attached to the bottom 32 </ b> A side of the casing body 32 via a swash plate support member 35 described later. Here, the swash plate 34 includes a swash plate main body 34A and a smooth plate 34C which is fixedly provided on the surface side of the swash plate main body 34A and formed with a sliding surface 34B. The swash plate 34 is configured such that each shoe 13 slides on one end surface side (the left end surface side in FIGS. 11 and 12) on the cylinder block 8 side, that is, on the sliding surface 34B of the smooth plate 34C. .

  The swash plate 34 constitutes a capacity varying portion, and the other end surface side (the right end surface side in FIGS. 11 and 12) which is the back side of the swash plate 34 (swash plate main body 34A) is a convex curved surface slide. A moving surface 34D is formed. The sliding surface 34 </ b> D is configured to slide on the tilt sliding surfaces 35 </ b> A of the swash plate support member 35 so as to be tiltable. The swash plate 34 is tilted and driven by a tilt actuator 37 described later with the swash plate support point as the tilt center.

  The swash plate support member 35 is provided on the bottom 32 </ b> A of the casing body 32. The swash plate support member 35 is located on the back side of the swash plate 34 around the rotation shaft 5, and is fixed to the bottom 32 </ b> A of the casing body 32. In order to support the swash plate 34 so that the swash plate 34 can be tilted, the swash plate support member 35 has a pair of tilting sliding surfaces 35 </ b> A sliding with the sliding surface 34 </ b> D of the swash plate 34. It is formed as. These tilt sliding surfaces 35 </ b> A are spaced left and right (or up and down) with the rotation shaft 5 interposed therebetween.

  The swash plate support member 35 is formed with a second oil supply passage 35 </ b> B connected to the first oil supply passage 31 </ b> A of the casing 31. In the second oil supply passage 35B, the oil from the first oil supply passage 31A flows, and one end side (the left end side in FIG. 11) of the second oil supply passage 35B is open to the tilting sliding surface 35A. doing. As a result, a part of the oil discharged from the cylinder port 10 and flowing through the supply / discharge passage 33A of the lid 33 passes through the first oil supply passage 31A and the second oil supply passage 35B. It is configured to be supplied between the sliding portion with the support member 35, that is, between the sliding surface 34 </ b> D of the swash plate 34 and the tilting sliding surface 35 </ b> A of the swash plate support member 35.

  The tilt lever 36 is formed integrally with the side portion of the swash plate 34. The tilting actuator 37 is provided in the actuator mounting portion 32 </ b> B of the casing body 32. The tilting actuator 37 tilts and drives the swash plate 34 together with the tilting lever 36 by supplying and discharging a tilting control pressure from a regulator (not shown).

  In the case of the second embodiment, during operation, the cylinder 9 and the piston 11 of the cylinder block 8 slide, the valve plate 12 and the cylinder block 8 slide, and the shoe 13 and the swash plate 14 slide. Move. In addition, as the swash plate 34 is driven to tilt, the swash plate 34 serving as the “second member” slides and displaces with respect to the swash plate support member 35 serving as the “first member”. . In this case, the swash plate support member 35 has an inclined sliding surface 35A that becomes a “first sliding surface”, and the swash plate 34 has a sliding surface 34D that becomes a “second sliding surface”. And a second oil supply passage 35 </ b> B serving as an “oil passage” is opened on the tilting sliding surface 35 </ b> A of the swash plate support member 35.

  In the case of the second embodiment, at least one set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface” out of four sets of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface”. For example, “tilt sliding surface 35A of swash plate support member 35 and sliding surface 34D of swash plate 34”. In this case, the sliding layer 21 similar to that of the first embodiment described above is formed on one sliding surface of the tilting sliding surface 35A of the swash plate support member 35 and the sliding surface 34D of the swash plate 34. Is forming.

  In the second embodiment, the sliding layer 21 is formed on one sliding surface of the tilting sliding surface 35A of the swash plate support member 35 and the sliding surface 34D of the swash plate 34 as described above. Thus, the basic action is not different from that according to the first embodiment described above.

  In particular, in the case of the second embodiment, it is possible to secure seizure resistance and mechanical strength at the sliding portion between the swash plate support member 35 and the swash plate 34. Thereby, like the first embodiment described above, the hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size, increased in output, and increased in efficiency.

  Next, FIG. 13 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. A feature of the third embodiment is that a sliding layer made of a sintered copper alloy is formed on a sliding surface of a variable capacity type and a slant axis type hydraulic rotating machine. Note that in the third embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, reference numeral 41 denotes a variable capacity type and a casing of a slant-shaft type hydraulic rotating machine, and the casing 41 is formed in a hollow, substantially cylindrical shape. A head cover 51 (to be described later) is fixed to the head side end surface of the casing 41 (left end surface in FIG. 13) so as to close the opening.

  The rotating shaft 42 is rotatably provided in the casing 41 via a pair of bearings 43. A drive disk 42 </ b> A is integrally provided at the tip of the rotating shaft 42.

  The cylinder block 44 is provided in the casing 41. The cylinder block 44 rotates with the rotating shaft 42 via a piston 49 described later. Here, a center shaft insertion hole 44A is formed in the cylinder block 44 along the central axis. The cylinder block 44 has a concave spherical sliding surface (switching sliding surface) 44B on the end face on the valve plate 50 side described later. A cylinder 45 described later is formed in the cylinder block 44 together with a cylinder port 46.

  The plurality of cylinders 45 are respectively formed (perforated) in the cylinder block 44. The cylinders 45 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the cylinder block 44 with a certain interval, and extend in the axial direction of the cylinder block 44. One end side (right end side in FIG. 13) of each cylinder 45 is open to the end face of the cylinder block 44. A cylinder port 46 is formed on the other end side (left end side in FIG. 13) of each cylinder 45. The inner surface of each cylinder 45 is a sliding surface 45A on which a sliding surface 49B of a piston 49 described later slides. The cylinder port 46 is formed (perforated) so as to open to the sliding surface 44B of the cylinder block 44 at a position corresponding to each cylinder 45. The cylinder port 46 communicates intermittently with supply / discharge ports 50D and 50E of the valve plate 50 described later.

  The center shaft 47 is inserted into the center shaft insertion hole 44 </ b> A in order to center the cylinder block 44. One end side (right end side in FIG. 13) of the center shaft 47 is slidably connected to the drive disk 42A via a spherical portion 47A. The other end of the center shaft 47 is introduced into a central hole 50A of a valve plate 50 described later. The spring 48 is located in the cylinder block 44 and is stretched between the cylinder block 44 and the center shaft 47. The spring 48 applies an initial load to the valve plate 50 to the cylinder block 44.

  The plurality of pistons 49 are inserted into the respective cylinders 45 of the cylinder block 44 so as to be able to reciprocate. A spherical portion 49 </ b> A is provided at a protruding end that is one end side of each piston 49. The spherical portion 49A is swingably supported (connected) to the drive disk 42A. The outer peripheral surface of each piston 49 is a sliding surface 49 </ b> B that slides on a sliding surface 45 </ b> A that is the inner surface of the cylinder 45.

  The valve plate 50 is provided between the cylinder block 44 and a head cover 51 described later. The valve plate 50 has a central hole 50A formed at the center position. In the valve plate 50, one end surface side (the right end surface side in FIG. 13) on the cylinder block 44 side is a convex arc-shaped sliding surface 50B on which the sliding surface 44B of the cylinder block 44 slides. On the other surface side of the valve plate 50, a convex curved surface-like sliding surface 50C is formed. The sliding surface 50C slides on the tilt sliding surface 51A of the head cover 51 so as to be tiltable. The valve plate 50 is driven to tilt together with the cylinder block 44 by a tilt actuator 52 described later with the valve plate support point as the tilt center.

  The valve plate 50 is formed with a pair of supply / discharge ports 50D and 50E so as to sandwich the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston. The supply / discharge ports 50 </ b> D and 50 </ b> E allow oil liquid (operating oil) to flow between a supply / discharge passage (not shown) provided in the head cover 51 and the cylinder 45. One end side (the right end side in FIG. 13) of the supply / discharge ports 50 </ b> D and 50 </ b> E is open to the sliding surface 50 </ b> B and communicates with the cylinder 45 through the cylinder port 46. The other end side (the left end side in FIG. 13) of the supply / discharge ports 50 </ b> D and 50 </ b> E is open to the sliding surface 50 </ b> C and communicates with the supply / discharge passage of the head cover 51.

  The head cover 51 is provided on the head-side end surface of the casing 41 and serves as a valve plate support member. The head cover 51 is provided with an inclined sliding surface 51 </ b> A having a concave curved surface that slides on the sliding surface 50 </ b> C of the valve plate 50 on one end side which is the valve plate 50 side. The head cover 51 is provided with a tilt actuator 52 that tilts the cylinder block 44 together with the valve plate 50.

  In the case of the third embodiment, during operation, the cylinder 45 of the cylinder block 44 that becomes the “first member” and the piston 49 that becomes the “second member” slide, and the “first member”. The valve plate 50 and the cylinder block 44 serving as the “second member” slide. In addition to this, as the valve plate 50 is driven to tilt together with the cylinder block 44, the valve plate 50 serving as the “first member” slides with respect to the head cover 51 serving as the “second member”. Displace.

  In this case, the cylinder block 44 has a sliding surface 45A of the cylinder 45 that becomes a “first sliding surface”, and the piston 49 has a sliding surface 49B that becomes a “second sliding surface”. A cylinder port 46 serving as an “oil passage” is opened on the sliding surface 45A of the cylinder 45. The valve plate 50 has a sliding surface 50B to be a “first sliding surface”, and the cylinder block 44 has a sliding surface 44B to be a “second sliding surface”. Supply / discharge ports 50D and 50E serving as “oil passages” are opened on the sliding surface 50B, and a cylinder port 46 serving as an “oil passage” is opened on the sliding surface 44B of the cylinder block 44. The valve plate 50 has a sliding surface 50 </ b> C that becomes a “first sliding surface”, and the head cover 51 has an inclined sliding surface 51 </ b> A that becomes a “second sliding surface”. In the sliding surface 50C, supply and discharge ports 50D and 50E serving as “oil passages” are opened.

  In the case of the third embodiment, at least one set of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface” out of three sets of “first sliding surface and second sliding surface”. For example, “the sliding surface 50C of the valve plate 50 and the tilting sliding surface 51A of the head cover 51”. In this case, the same sliding layer 21 as that in the first embodiment is formed on one of the sliding surface 50C of the valve plate 50 and the tilting sliding surface 51A of the head cover 51. ing.

  In the third embodiment, the sliding layer 21 is formed on one sliding surface of the sliding surface 50C of the valve plate 50 and the tilting sliding surface 51A of the head cover 51 as described above. Regarding the basic action, there is no particular difference from that according to the first embodiment described above.

  In particular, in the case of the third embodiment, it is possible to ensure seizure resistance and mechanical strength of the sliding portion between the valve plate 50 and the head cover 51. Thereby, like the first embodiment described above, the hydraulic rotating machine can be reduced in size, increased in output, and increased in efficiency.

  In the first embodiment described above, the case where the hydraulic rotating machine is used as the hydraulic motor 1 has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a hydraulic rotary machine may be used as the hydraulic pump. As the oil liquid, liquids other than hydraulic oil, for example, oil liquids such as various oils, water, and liquid chemicals can be used. These points are the same for the other embodiments.

  In the third embodiment described above, a variable displacement type was used as an example of the slant axis type hydraulic rotating machine. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to, for example, a fixed displacement type and a slant axis type hydraulic rotating machine.

  In the first to third embodiments described above, an axial piston type hydraulic rotating machine has been described as an example of the hydraulic rotating machine. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, a radial piston type. The present invention may be applied to other hydraulic rotating machines. In the case of a swash plate type hydraulic rotating machine, the piston shoe and swash plate slide (the member on which the shoe slides becomes a swash plate), but in the case of a radial piston type hydraulic rotating machine For example, the shoe and the cam ring slide (the member on which the shoe slides becomes the cam ring). In this case, a sliding layer made of the above sintered copper alloy can be formed on one of the sliding surfaces of the shoe and the cam ring.

  Furthermore, the hydraulic rotating machine can be used not only as a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic motor mounted on a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, a hydraulic crane, or a wheel loader, but also as a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic motor mounted on various industrial machines. Etc. can be used.

1 Hydraulic motor (hydraulic rotating machine)
2, 31, 41 Casing 5, 42 Rotating shaft 8, 44 Cylinder block (first member, second member)
8A, 44B Sliding surface (second sliding surface)
9, 45 Cylinder 9A, 45A Sliding surface (first sliding surface)
10,46 Cylinder port (oil passage)
11, 49 Piston (second member)
11B, 49B Sliding surface (second sliding surface)
11C 1st oil supply path 12,50 Valve plate (1st member)
12A, 50B, 50C Sliding surface (first sliding surface)
12B, 12C, 50D, 50E Supply / discharge port (oil passage)
13 Shoe (first member)
13A Sliding surface (first sliding surface)
13B Second oil supply passage (oil passage)
14, 34 Swash plate (second member)
14A, 34B, 34D Sliding surface (second sliding surface)
21 Sliding layer 35 Swash plate support member (first member)
35A Tilt sliding surface (first sliding surface)
35B Second oil supply passage (oil passage)
51 Head cover (second member)
51A Tilt sliding surface (second sliding surface)

Claims (10)

A first member (8, 12, 13, 35, 44, 50) having a first sliding surface (9A, 12A, 13A, 35A, 45A, 50B, 50C);
Second sliding surfaces (8A, 11B, 14A, 34B, 34D, 44B, 49B, 51A) sliding with respect to the first sliding surfaces (9A, 12A, 13A, 35A, 45A, 50B, 50C) And a second member (8, 11, 14, 34, 44, 49, 51) having
Of the first sliding surfaces (9A, 12A, 13A, 35A, 45A, 50B, 50C) and the second sliding surfaces (8A, 11B, 14A, 34B, 34D, 44B, 49B, 51A) In a hydraulic rotating machine configured such that at least one sliding surface has an opening on one end side of an oil passage (10, 11C, 12B, 12C, 13B, 35B, 46, 50D, 50E) through which oil flows.
Of the first sliding surfaces (9A, 12A, 13A, 35A, 45A, 50B, 50C) and the second sliding surfaces (8A, 11B, 14A, 34B, 34D, 44B, 49B, 51A) One sliding surface forms a sliding layer (21) made of sintered copper alloy,
The sliding layer (21) is composed of a composition having Cu and Sn as main components and the remaining components as the balance,
The remaining component is 2 to 6% by weight of CaF ₂ as an essential component, and the average particle size of the CaF ₂ is regulated in the range of 40 μm to 350 μm,
Of the first sliding surfaces (9A, 12A, 13A, 35A, 45A, 50B, 50C) and the second sliding surfaces (8A, 11B, 14A, 34B, 34D, 44B, 49B, 51A) The other sliding surface is constituted by a sliding layer of a steel-based material. The remaining components of the sliding layer (21) include Pb, Ni, Be, P, Fe, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, S, Ti in addition to the CaF ₂ as an essential component. The hydraulic rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic rotating machine has a composition containing at least one component of V, Cr, W. The main component of the sliding layer (21) has a composition containing 11 to 13 wt% of the Sn in addition to the Cu,
Component of the remainder of the sliding layer (21), in addition to the CaF _2, hydraulic rotary machine according to claim 2 comprising a composition comprising the Ni of 4-6 wt%. The main component of the sliding layer (21) has a composition containing 11 to 13 wt% of the Sn in addition to the Cu,
Component of the remainder of the sliding layer (21), the addition to the CaF _2, and the Pb of 1 to 3 wt%, of claim 2 comprising a composition comprising the Ni 4-6 wt% Hydraulic rotating machine. The remaining component of the sliding layer (21) includes Pb and Ni as essential components in addition to the CaF ₂ as essential components, and the CaF ₂ has a particle size in the range of 40 μm to 350 μm. The hydraulic rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is regulated so as to be 90 to 100% by weight. A hollow casing (2, 31, 41), a rotating shaft (5, 42) rotatably provided in the casing (2, 31, 41), and rotating together with the rotating shaft (5, 42) A plurality of cylinders (9, 45) provided in the casing (2, 31, 41) and extending in the axial direction and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction and opened to the end face at positions corresponding to the cylinders (9, 45) Cylinder block (8, 44) in which cylinder ports (10, 46) are formed, and a plurality of pistons removably inserted into cylinders (9, 45) of the cylinder block (8, 44) (11, 49) and each cylinder (9, 45) provided between the casing (2, 31, 41) and the cylinder block (8, 44) via the cylinder port (10, 46). Supply / exhaust port (12 Comprising 12C, 50D, 50E) the valve plate formed is a (12,50),
The first member is the valve plate (12, 50) in which the supply / discharge port (12B, 12C, 50D, 50E) serving as the oil passage is formed,
The said 2nd member is the said cylinder block (8,44) in which the said cylinder port (10,46) which slides with the said valve plate (12,50) and becomes the said oil path was formed. The hydraulic rotating machine described. A hollow casing (2, 31), a rotary shaft (5) rotatably provided in the casing (2, 31), and the casing (2, 31) so as to rotate together with the rotary shaft (5) A cylinder block (8) formed with a plurality of cylinders (9) extending in the axial direction and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and a cylinder port (10) opened at the end face at a position corresponding to each cylinder (9) ), A plurality of pistons (11) having a first oil supply passage (11C) formed therein and removably inserted in the cylinders (9) of the cylinder block (8), and the casing (2 31) and a cylinder block (8), and a valve plate (12) formed with supply / discharge ports (12B, 12C) communicating with the cylinders (9) via the cylinder port (10) And each piston (1 ) And a plurality of shoes (13) each having a second oil supply passage (13B) connected to the first oil supply passage (11C) and swingably attached to the protruding end side of the cylinder block; (8) provided with a swash plate (14, 34) provided at a position opposite to the valve plate (12) across which the shoes (13) slide;
The first member is each shoe (13) in which the second oil supply passage (13B) to be the oil passage is formed,
The hydraulic rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the second member is the swash plate (12) on which the shoes (13) slide. A hollow casing (2, 31, 41), a rotating shaft (5, 42) rotatably provided in the casing (2, 31, 41), and rotating together with the rotating shaft (5, 42) A plurality of cylinders (9, 45) provided in the casing (2, 31, 41) and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and cylinder ports (10, 10) opened at end faces at positions corresponding to the cylinders (9, 45) 46) and a plurality of pistons (11, 49) that are removably inserted into the cylinders (9, 45) of the cylinder block (8, 44). And
The first member is the cylinder block (8, 44) in which the cylinder port (10, 46) serving as the oil passage is formed,
The hydraulic rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the second member is the piston (11, 49) that slides relative to the cylinder (9, 45) of the cylinder block (8, 44). A hollow casing (31), a rotation shaft (5) rotatably provided in the casing (31), and a circumferential direction provided in the casing (31) so as to rotate together with the rotation shaft (5) A cylinder block (8) formed with a plurality of cylinders (9) extending in the axial direction and spaced apart from each other, and a cylinder port (10) opened at an end surface at a position corresponding to each cylinder (9), and the cylinder block A plurality of pistons (11) inserted in each cylinder (9) of (8) so as to be able to reciprocate, and the cylinder port (10) provided between the casing (31) and the cylinder block (8). And a plurality of valve plates (12) formed with supply / exhaust ports (12B, 12C) communicating with the cylinders (9) via the cylinders and swingably attached to the protruding end sides of the pistons (11). No shoe (1 ), And each shoe (13) slides on one end surface side which is the cylinder block (8) side, and a convex curved surface-shaped sliding surface (34D) is formed on the other end surface side. And a tilted sliding surface (35A) having a concave curved surface that slides on the sliding surface (34D) of the swash plate (34). A swash plate support member (35) formed with an oil supply passage (35B) formed therein through which oil liquid discharged from the cylinder port (10) flows,
The first member is the swash plate support member (35) in which the oil supply passage (35B) to be the oil passage is formed,
The hydraulic rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the second member is the swash plate (34) that slides with respect to the swash plate support member (35). A hollow casing (41), a rotating shaft (42) provided rotatably in the casing (41) and having a tip serving as a drive disk (42A), and the casing rotating with the rotating shaft (42) A cylinder provided in (41) and formed with a plurality of cylinders (45) spaced apart in the circumferential direction and extending in the axial direction, and cylinder ports (46) opened at end faces at positions corresponding to the cylinders (45). A block (44) and each cylinder (45) of the cylinder block (44) are removably inserted into the cylinder (45), and the protruding end side is swingably supported by the drive disk (42A) of the rotating shaft (42). The plurality of pistons (49) and the cylinder block (44) slide on one end surface side which is the cylinder block (44) side, and the convex curved sliding surface (50B) on the other end surface side. A valve plate (50) formed so as to be tiltable together with the cylinder block (44) with the valve plate support point as a tilt center, and a recess sliding with the sliding surface (50C) of the valve plate (50). A head cover (51) formed with a curved sliding surface (51A),
The first member is the valve plate (50) in which a supply / discharge port (50D) serving as the oil passage communicating with the cylinders (45) via the cylinder port (46) is formed,
The hydraulic rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the second member is the head cover (51) on which the valve plate (50) slides.

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