JPWO2014016917A1 - 酸性液状栄養剤 - Google Patents
酸性液状栄養剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2014016917A1 JPWO2014016917A1 JP2014526652A JP2014526652A JPWO2014016917A1 JP WO2014016917 A1 JPWO2014016917 A1 JP WO2014016917A1 JP 2014526652 A JP2014526652 A JP 2014526652A JP 2014526652 A JP2014526652 A JP 2014526652A JP WO2014016917 A1 JPWO2014016917 A1 JP WO2014016917A1
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- Prior art keywords
- protein
- acidic liquid
- liquid nutrient
- oil
- acid
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態によると、酸性液状栄養剤は、糖質、蛋白質源、脂質および、所定量の有機酸を含む。
有機酸としては、特に制限されないが、酢酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸等が用いられうる。これらの酸味料は単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。酸性液状栄養剤中の有機酸の配合比率は、蛋白質源1部に対して、0.15〜0.45部であることが好ましく、0.19〜0.40部であることがより好ましい。
栄養素としては、好適には糖質、蛋白質源、脂質を含む。前記栄養素は、任意の成分として、さらに、ビタミン、ミネラル、および食物繊維からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。酸性液状栄養剤中の栄養素の合計量は、8〜60質量%であることが好ましく、15〜40質量%であることがより好ましい。
糖質は、炭水化物とも呼ばれ、エネルギー源となるものである。糖質としては、生体に吸収されてエネルギー源になるものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、単糖、二糖、および多糖が挙げられる。単糖の具体例としては、グルコース(ブドウ糖)、フルクトース(果糖)、ガラクトース等が挙げられる。二糖の具体例としては、スクロース(ショ糖)、ラクトース(乳糖)、マルトース(麦芽糖)、イソマルトース、トレハロース等が挙げられる。多糖の具体例としては、デンプン(アミロース、アミロペクチン)、デキストリン等が挙げられる。これらのうち、デキストリンを用いることが好ましい。
蛋白質源としては、特に制限されず、公知のものが用いられうる。アミノ酸としては、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、リジン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、ヒスチジン等の必須アミノ酸;およびグリシン、アラニン、セリン、システイン、アスパラギン、グルタミン、プロリン、チロシン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アルギニン等の非必須アミノ酸が挙げられる。これらの他、4−ヒドロキシプロリン、5−ヒドロキシリジン、γ−カルボキシグルタミン酸、O−ホスホセリン、O−ホスホチロシン、N−アセチルセリン、Nω−メチルアルギニン、ピログルタミン酸、M−ホルミルメチオニン等の修飾アミノ酸;オルニチン、シトルリン、γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)、チロキシン、S−アデニルメチオニン等の特殊アミノ酸も包含されうる。また、前記アミノ酸は、それぞれ立体異性体(エナンチオマー、ジアステレオマー)であっても、位置異性体であってもよく、これらの混合物であってもよい。さらに、前記アミノ酸は、無機酸塩(塩酸塩等)、有機酸塩(酢酸塩等)、生体内で加水分解可能なエステル体(メチルエステル等)の形態であってもよい。
脂質は、エネルギー源、生体膜構成成分、ステロイドホルモンや胆汁酸の合成原料となりうる。脂質としては、特に制限されず、飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸、植物油、動物性油脂、魚油等が挙げられる。
ビタミンとは、生物の栄養状態を保つために必要とする糖質、アミノ酸またはペプチド、脂質以外の有機化合物の総称である。ビタミンとしては、ビタミンA(レチノール)、ビタミンD(エルゴカルシフェロール、コレカルシフェロール)、ビタミンE(トコフェロール、トコトリエノール)ビタミンK(フィロキノン、メナキノン)等の脂溶性ビタミン:ビタミンB1(チアミン)、ビタミンB2(リボフラビン)、ビタミンB3(ナイアシン)、ビタミンB5(パントテン酸)、ビタミンB6(ピリドキサール、ピリドキサミン、ピリドキシン)、ビタミンB7(ビオチン)、ビタミンB9(葉酸)、ビタミンB12(シアノコバラミン、ヒドロキソコバラミン)、ビタミンC(アスコルビン酸)等の水溶性ビタミンが挙げられる。これらのビタミンは、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
ビタミンA:好ましくは0〜3000μg、より好ましくは20〜200μg
ビタミンD:好ましくは0.1〜50μg、より好ましくは0.1〜5.0μg
ビタミンE:好ましくは0.2〜800mg、より好ましくは1〜10mg
ビタミンK:好ましくは0.5〜1000μg、より好ましくは2〜50μg
ビタミンB1:好ましくは0.01〜40mg、より好ましくは0.1〜10mg
ビタミンB2:好ましくは0.01〜20mg、より好ましくは0.05〜10mg
ナイアシン:好ましくは0.1〜300mgNE、より好ましくは0.5〜60mgNE
パントテン酸:好ましくは0.1〜55mg、より好ましくは0.2〜30mg
ビタミンB6:好ましくは0.01〜60mg、より好ましくは0.1〜30mg
ビオチン:好ましくは0.1〜1000μg、より好ましくは1〜100μg
葉酸:好ましくは1〜1000μg、より好ましくは10〜200μg
ビタミンB12:好ましくは0.01〜100μg、より好ましくは0.2〜60μg ビタミンC:好ましくは1〜2000mg、より好ましくは5〜1000mg
ミネラルとは、生物の栄養状態を保つために必要とする有機化合物以外の元素である。 ミネラルとしては、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、リン、マグネシウム等の準主要元素;鉄、亜鉛、銅、ヨウ素、マンガン、セレン、クロム、モリブデン等の必須微量元素等が挙げられる。これらのミネラルは、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
ナトリウム:好ましくは5〜6000mg、より好ましくは10〜3500mg
カリウム:好ましくは1〜3500mg、より好ましくは25〜1800mg
カルシウム:好ましくは10〜2300mg、より好ましくは30〜300mg
リン:好ましくは1〜3500mg、より好ましくは25〜1500mg
マグネシウム:好ましくは1〜740mg、より好ましくは10〜150mg
鉄:好ましくは0.1〜55mg、より好ましくは1〜10mg
亜鉛:好ましくは0.1〜30mg、より好ましくは1〜15mg
銅:好ましくは0.01〜10mg、より好ましくは0.06〜6mg
ヨウ素:好ましくは0.1〜3000μg、より好ましくは1〜150μg
マンガン:好ましくは0.01〜11mg、より好ましくは0.1〜4mg
セレン:好ましくは0.1〜450μg、より好ましくは1〜35μg
クロム:好ましくは0.1〜40μg、より好ましくは1〜35μg
モリブデン:好ましくは0.1〜320μg、より好ましくは1〜25μg
食物繊維は、栄養素利用度の低下、血漿コレステロールの低下、血糖応答の改善、大腸機能の改善、および大腸がんの予防等の機能を有しうる。なお、食物繊維は、腸内細菌により醗酵を受けて短鎖脂肪酸、炭酸ガス、水素ガス、メタンガス等に変換される場合がある。このうち、短鎖脂肪酸については大腸で吸収されるため、食物繊維はエネルギー源となる場合がある。
本発明に係る酸性液状栄養剤は、好適には水分を含む。酸性液状栄養剤中の水分の含有量は、適用する対象者や所望とする粘度等によって適宜調節されうるが、酸性液状栄養剤全量に対して30〜90質量%であることが好ましく、水分管理の観点から50〜90質量%であることがより好ましい。
本形態に係る酸性液状栄養剤は、さらにその他の公知の成分、例えば、以下に示す成分等を含んでいてもよい。
保健機能成分とは、摂取することによって生体に対し一定の機能を発揮する成分である。例えば、難消化性オリゴ糖、糖アルコール、クエン酸リンゴ酸カルシウム(CCM)およびカゼインホスホペプチド(CPP)、キトサン、L−アラビノース、グァバ葉ポリフェノール、小麦アルブミン、豆鼓エキス、ジアシルグリセロール、ジアシルグリセロール植物性ステロール、大豆イソフラボン、乳塩基性蛋白質等が挙げられる。
難消化性オリゴ糖とは、単糖類がグリコシド結合によって結合した化合物のうち、多糖類ほどは分子量が大きくない(300〜3000程度)糖類である。前記難消化性オリゴ糖はヒトの消化酵素では分解されず、ヒトの消化酵素で分解されるものについては、上記の糖質に包含されうる。難消化性オリゴ糖を摂取することにより、整腸効果が得られうる。
糖アルコールとは、アルドースやケトースのカルボニル基が還元されて生成する糖の一種であり、小腸から体内への吸収が悪くカロリーになりにくいものである。糖アルコールは、口内細菌によって酸に代謝されにくく、歯垢の形成を防止しうる。当該糖アルコールは、低カロリー甘味料として用いられうる。
食品添加物は、食品の加工もしくは保存の目的で、食品に添加、混和、湿潤その他の方法によって使用するものである。食品添加物としては、栄養強化の目的以外にも、例えば、グルコン酸亜鉛およびグルコン酸銅、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシド、シクロデキストリン、保存料、防かび剤、酸化防止剤、着色料、甘味料、pH調整剤、酸味剤、乳化剤、香料等が挙げられる。
グルコン酸亜鉛およびグルコン酸銅は、グルコン酸の重金属イオンとの高いキレート能を利用したグルコン酸塩である。グルコン酸塩の形態とすると吸収されやすくなることから、亜鉛や銅を効果的に吸収することができる。当該グルコン酸亜鉛およびグルコン酸銅は、単独で用いても、混合して用いてもよい。酸性液状栄養剤中のグルコン酸亜鉛およびグルコン酸銅の含有量は、適用する対象者等によって適宜調節されうる。
アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドは、ビタミンC(アスコルビン酸)の2位の水酸基にグルコースがα−配位で結合した化合物であり、酸素の攻撃を受けないため通常のビタミンCよりも安定性が高いビタミンC誘導体である。アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドによって効率的にビタミンCを吸収することができる。酸性液状栄養剤中のアスコルビン酸2−グルコシドの含有量は、適用する対象者等によって適宜調節されうる。
シクロデキストリンとは、グルコースがグルコシド結合によって結合し、環状構造をとった環状オリゴ糖である。6個のグルコースからなるものをα−シクロデキストリン、7個のグルコースからなるものをβ−シクロデキストリン、8個のグルコースからなるものをγ−シクロデキストリンという。シクロデキストリンは、アレルギー抑制効果、血糖値上昇抑制効果、乳化作用等の機能を有しうる。当該シクロデキストリンは、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。酸性液状栄養剤中のシクロデキストリンの含有量は、適用する対象者等によって適宜調節されうる。
酸化防止剤は、酸性液状栄養剤の酸化による変質を防止する機能を有する。酸化防止剤としては、特に制限されないが、アスコルビン酸およびそのナトリウム塩、エリソルビン酸およびそのナトリウム塩等が用いられうる。これらの酸化防止剤は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
着色料は、酸性液状栄養剤を美しくする機能を有する。着色料としては、特に制限されないが、食用タール色素(食用赤色2号、3号、40号、102号、104号、105号、および106号、食用青色1号および2号、食用黄色4号および5号、食用緑色3号等)、β−カロテン、水溶性アナトー、クロロフィル誘導体(クロロフィルa、クロルフィルb、銅クロロフィル、銅クロロフィリンナトリウム、鉄クロロフィリンナトリウム等)、リボフラビン、三二酸化鉄、二酸化チタン、ベニバナ黄色素、コチニール色素、クチナシ黄色素、ウコン色素、赤キャベツ色素、ビートレッド、ブドウ果皮色素、パプリカ色素、カラメル等が用いられうる。これらの着色料は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
甘味料は、酸性液状栄養剤に甘味を付与する機能を有する。甘味料としては、特に制限されないが、サッカリンおよびそのナトリウム塩、キシリトール、アスパルテーム、スクラロース、アセスルファムカリウム、ズルチン、チクロ(サイクラミン酸)、ネオテーム、トレハロース、エリスリトール、マルチトース、パラ地ノース、ソルビトール、甘草抽出物、ステビア加工の甘味料、ソーマチン、クルクリン、リチルリチン酸二ナトリウム等が用いられうる。これらの甘味料は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
pH調整剤は、酸性液状栄養剤のpHを調整する機能を有する。pH調整剤としては、特に制限されないが、グルコン酸、コハク酸、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、二酸化炭素、乳酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、アジピン酸等が用いられうる。これらのpH調整剤は単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
乳化剤は、脂質等の油溶性成分の水への溶解性の向上等の機能を有する。乳化剤としては、特に制限されないが、レシチン、サポニン、カゼインナトリウム等の天然乳化剤や、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等の合成乳化剤等が挙げられる。これらの乳化剤は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
香料は、酸性液状栄養剤を着香・嬌臭する機能を有する。香料としては、特に制限されないが、アセトフェノン、α−アミルシンナムアルデヒド、アニスアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド、酢酸ベンジル、ベンジルアルコール、シンナムアルデヒド、ケイ皮酸、シトラール、シトロネラール、シトロネロール、デカナール、デカノール、アセト酢酸エチル、ケイ皮酸エチル、デカン酸エチル、エチルバニリン、オイゲノール、ゲラニオール、酢酸イソアミル、酪酸イソアミル、フェニル酢酸イソアミル、dl−メントール、l−メントール、サリチル酸メチル、ピペロナール、プロピオン酸、テルピネオール、バニリン、d−ボルネオール等が挙げられる。これらの香料は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
増粘剤は、酸性液状栄養剤に適度な粘性、具体的には、25℃において、10〜150mPa・sの粘性を付与する機能を有する。増粘剤としては、特に制限されないが、寒天、ゼラチン、ペクチン、グアガム、ローカストビーンガム、コンニャクマンナン、キサンタンガム、タマリンドガム、カラギナン、プロピレングリコール、カルボキシメチルセルロースジェランガム、ジェランガム、タラガム、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、アラビアガム、カードラン、プルラン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、トラガントガム、カラヤガム、ビーガム、大豆多糖類等が用いられうる。
これらの増粘剤は、単独で用いても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。酸性液状栄養剤中の増粘剤の含有量は、粘度等を考慮して適宜調節される。
α−アミラーゼ、β−アミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、グルコースイソメラーゼ、トレハロース生成酵素、トレハロース遊離酵素、グルタミナーゼ等の酵素や酵母等が用いられうる。酸性液状栄養剤中の上記食品添加物の含有量は、適用する対象者等によって適宜調節されうる。
また、本形態に係る酸性液状栄養剤の粘度は、25℃において、10〜150mPa・sであることが好ましく、20〜120mPa・sであることがより好ましい。酸性液状栄養剤の粘度が150mPa・s以下であると、経腸栄養法において、経鼻チューブを流すことができること点から好ましい。当該粘度は、主として、酸性液状栄養剤中の安定剤の含有量を適宜設定することで調節することができる。なお、本明細書において、「粘度」は、実施例に記載された方法で測定された値を採用するものとする。
本形態に係る酸性液状栄養剤の熱量は、酸性液状栄養剤の用途によっても異なるが、0.5〜2.5kcal/gであることが好ましく、水分管理の安全性の観点からは0.5〜1.0kcal/gであることがより好ましいが、水分制限のある患者や熱傷の患者等へ投与する場合には、1.0〜2.5kcal/gであることがより好ましい。当該熱量は、糖質、脂質、蛋白質源、および食物繊維等の添加量を適宜設定することで調節することができる。なお、本明細書において、「熱量」とは、実施例に記載された方法で算出された値を採用するものとする。
本形態に係る酸性液状栄養剤のpHは、3.0〜4.0であることが好ましく、3.5〜3.8であることがより好ましい。pHが上記範囲にあれば、蛋白質源の安定化を図ることができ、細菌の増殖抑制効果を得られうることから好ましい。なお、本明細書において、「pH」は、実施例に記載された方法で測定された値を採用するものとする。
本形態に係る酸性液状経腸栄養剤の平均粒子径は、15μm以下であることが好ましく、10μm以下であることがより好ましい。かように平均粒子径が15μm以下で安定化されていることで、栄養剤投与時のチューブ詰まりの発生を減少させることができる。ここで、平均は、後述する実施例の方法により測定された値を採用する。
本発明の酸性液状栄養剤は、経管栄養投与法、特に好ましくは、経鼻チューブを経由して投与する方法に用いることができる。経鼻チューブを用いた投与は、経口摂取困難であって、腸が機能している高齢者や病者等が対象となりうる。
本発明に係る酸性液状栄養剤は、公知の方法によって製造することができる。例えば、加温した水に栄養素、所定量の有機酸、およびその他所望とする成分を添加し、撹拌することにより製造することができる。また、加温した水に栄養素を溶解した溶液と、水に有機酸を溶解した溶液とを準備し、栄養素およびその他所望とする成分をいずれかに添加して、2つの溶液を混合、撹拌することで製造することができる。
以下に6000g仕込み時の調合方法を記す。各原料の配合量は、表1−1および表1−2に示す通りである。10Lのステンレスバケツに調合水2000gを計量し、湯浴にて50〜60℃に加温した。次いで、消泡剤(アワブレークG−109(太陽化学株式会社製))、ホエイ蛋白質(WPC392(Fonterra社製))、大豆蛋白(プロリーナ(登録商標)900(不二製油株式会社製))、糖質であるデキストリン(TK−16(松谷化学工業株式会社製))、および上白糖を添加した。当該溶液に、脂質、乳化剤であるグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、および大豆多糖類(ソヤファイブ−S−DN(不二製油株式会社製))、ペクチンを添加し、混合した。さらに、ビタミンとして、水溶性ビタミンミックスおよび脂溶性ビタミンミックス、ミネラルとして、グルコン酸カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウムおよびクエン酸三カリウム、酵母として、酵母ミックス、有機酸として、クエン酸およびリンゴ酸、その他に、アスコルビン酸、香料等を適宜添加して撹拌した。得られた混合液が6000gとなるまで水を添加し、均一な状態となるまで溶解分散させた。
以下に6000g仕込み時の調合方法を記す。各原料の配合量は、表2に示す通りである。10Lのステンレスバケツに調合水2000gを計量し、湯浴にて50〜60℃に加温した。次いで、消泡剤(アワブレークG−109:太陽化学株式会社製)、ホエイ蛋白質(WPC392(Fonterra社製)、および糖質であるデキストリン(TK−16(松谷化学工業株式会社製))、上白糖を添加した。当該溶液に、脂質、乳化剤であるグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、および大豆多糖類(ソヤファイブ−S−DN(不二製油株式会社製))を添加し、混合した。さらに、ビタミンとして、水溶性ビタミンミックスおよび脂溶性ビタミンミックス、ミネラルとして、グルコン酸カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウムおよびクエン酸三カリウム、酵母として、酵母ミックス、有機酸として、クエン酸、その他に、アスコルビン酸、香料等を適宜添加して撹拌した。得られた混合液が6000gとなるまで水を添加し、均一な状態となるまで溶解分散させた。
○:栄養剤の内容液に分離が見られず、安定性が保たれている。
△:栄養剤の容器底面に僅かな沈降物が見られる。
×:栄養剤の内容液に明らかな分離が見られる。
○:沈殿物の量が2.0g以下
△:沈殿物の量が4.0g未満
×:沈殿物の量が4.0g以上
○:チューブ詰まりの発生が無く、全量流しきることが出来る。
△:流動開始後、30分以内にチューブ詰まりが発生し、全量流しきることが出来ない。
×:粘性が高く、経鼻チューブで流動することが出来ない。
Claims (6)
- 糖質、蛋白質源、脂質、および有機酸を含む酸性液状栄養剤であって、前記有機酸の配合比率が、蛋白質源1部に対して、0.15〜0.45部である酸性液状栄養剤。
- 25℃での粘度が10〜150mPa・sである請求項1に記載の酸性液状栄養剤。
- pHが3.0〜4.0である請求項1に記載の酸性液状栄養剤。
- 粒度分布計で測定した際の平均粒子径が15μm以下である請求項1に記載の酸性液状栄養剤。
- 前記蛋白質源が、ホエイ蛋白質および/または植物性蛋白である請求項1に記載の酸性液状流動食。
- 前記植物性蛋白質が、大豆蛋白質である請求項5に記載の酸性液状流動食。
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