JPWO2010126055A1 - 腎障害の検出用マーカーとしての尿中メガリンの使用 - Google Patents
腎障害の検出用マーカーとしての尿中メガリンの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/34—Genitourinary disorders
- G01N2800/347—Renal failures; Glomerular diseases; Tubulointerstitial diseases, e.g. nephritic syndrome, glomerulonephritis; Renovascular diseases, e.g. renal artery occlusion, nephropathy
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Abstract
Description
Q = (2 / √3)・(MW / N)・(2r)−2・109 (ng / cm2)
Q : molecular weight density (ng / cm2)
MW : molecular weight (dalton:Da)
N : Avogadro’s number = 6・1023 (mole−1)
r : Stokes radius of molecular = (R・T20) / (6・π・η20・D20・N) (cm)
R : gas constant = 8.3・107 (g・cm2・sec−2・°K−1・mole−1
T20 : room temperature(20℃) = 293°K
η20 : viscosity of water at 20℃ = 1・10−2 (g・cm−1・sec−1)
D20 : diff. coeff. of molecular ref. to water at 20℃ (cm2・sec−1)
であり、これは物理吸着様式による固相化の際に適応される。従って、ヒトメガリンに結合性を有するリガンドの固相化においては、個々の分子量等の上記変動因子に左右された理論上の固相濃度が設定される為、個々の固相分子種および、固相面の形状等で異なる。従って、上記の固相濃度に限定されるものではない。また、固相吸着様式が、共有結合の場合にも、本発明は適応されるが、この場合は吸着面に存在する、共有結合に用いる官能基の数等も加味される為、これについても、固相濃度は限定されるものではない。結合後、タンパク質の非特異的吸着部位をブロックする為に、定法に基づき、ウシ血清アルブミン(以下、BSAと略す)やカゼイン等でブロッキングを行う。また、固相が磁性粒子の場合も、上記マイクロタイタープレートの場合と同様である。
ヒトメガリン50μgをマウス腹腔にアジュバントと共に数回免疫し、その血清力価が上昇したことを確認した。追加免疫(静脈内)後3日目に脾臓を取り出し、脾細胞を得た。これとマウスミエローマ細胞をポリエチレングリコール3500の存在下(10:1細胞)で融合させ、ハイブリドーマ細胞を作製した。この細胞を1週間CO2気下37℃で培養し、その培養上清中の抗ヒトメガリン抗体の有無を調べた。そこで抗体産生を認めた陽性ウェル中の細胞を限界希釈法により希釈し2週間培養し、同様に培養上清の抗ヒトメガリン抗体の有無を調べた。更にその後、抗体産生を認めた陽性ウェル中の細胞を再度限界希釈し、同様の培養を行った。この段階で抗ヒトメガリン抗体を産生している細胞を、フラスコにて培養し、その一部をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO) 10%含有ウシ胎児血清(FCS)にサスペンドし(5×106個/mL)、液体窒素中に保存した。
得られた腹水(10mL)と混濁血清処理剤(FRIGEN(登録商標)II:協和純薬工業社製)を、腹水1.5容に対してFRIGEN(登録商標)IIを1容の比率で混和し、1〜2分攪拌振とうすることで、腹水からの脱脂を行った。遠心機で3000rpm(1930×g)、10分間遠心分離を行い、清澄化された腹水遠心上清(10mL)を分取した。この腹水遠心上清(10mL)に硫安分画処理(終濃度50%飽和硫安)を氷浴中で1時間施し、沈降したイムノグロブリン画分をPBSで懸濁溶解させた。この硫安分画操作を計2回行い、腹水からのイムノグロブリン粗画分を得た。得られたイムノグロブリン粗画分(10mL)に対して等量の20mMリン酸ナトリウム, pH7.0(以下、20mM NaPB,pH7.0と称す)を混合し、プロテインGカラム(HiTrap Protein G HP,5mL:GEヘルスケア社製)を用いてアフィニティー精製を行った。サンプルをプロテインGカラムに吸着後、20mM NaPB,pH7.0(50mL)をプロテインGカラム内に通し、サンプル中のIgG以外の夾雑物を洗浄除去した。その後、プロテインGカラムにアフィニティー吸着したIgGは、0.1M グリシン-HCl,pH2.7で溶出させ、カラムからの溶出直後の溶出画分を1M Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl,pH9.0(以下、Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethaneをTrisと略す)で中和し回収した。中和後、アフィニティー精製物に対して500倍容のPBSで4℃、6時間の透析を行い、本透析は計2回行った。本透析操作に用いた透析膜は透析用セルロースチューブ(Viskase Companies社製)で行った。そこで得られたIgG溶出画分を、抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体の精製物とし、4℃での保存ならびに後述する操作に用いることとした。尚、本精製には、BioLogic LPシステム(Bio Rad Laboratories社製)に上述のプロテインGカラムを接続し、流速は1mL/minで一貫して行った。
認識するエピトープの異なる2種の抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体を用いてヒトメガリンの尿中排泄量を測定した。抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体固相化マイクロタイタープレートと、アルカリフォスファターゼ(以下ALPと略す)標識化抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体を用いて、尿中ヒトメガリン濃度を測定した。先ず、原尿90μLと2M Tris-HCl,0.2M Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid(以下、Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acidをEDTAと略す),10%(vol./vol.) Polyethylene Glycol Mono-p-isooctylphenyl Ether(以下、Polyethylene Glycol Mono-p-isooctylphenyl EtherをTriton X-100と略す), pH8.0溶液10μLを混合し、該混合液100μLを抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体固相化マイクロタイタープレート(FluoroNuncTM Module F16 Black-MaxisorpTM Surface plate , Nalge Nunc International社製)のウェルへ加えた。37℃で1時間放置し、その後、ウェルに加えておいた尿サンプル溶液をデカンテーションにより除去し、そのマイクロタイタープレートのウェルへ、137mM NaCl,2.68mM KCl,25mM Tris-HCl,0.05%(v./v.) Tween20(以下、TBS-Tと略す)を200μL/ウェルで添加し、デカンテーションによるTBS-Tの除去を行い、洗浄を行った。この洗浄工程を計3回行った。その後、ALP標識化抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体(0.5ng/mL)溶液を100μL/ウェルで加えた。ALP標識化抗ヒトメガリンモノクローナル抗体は0.2%(wt./v.)casein含有TBS-T(以下標識抗体希釈液)にて調製した。37℃で1時間放置し、その後、ウェルに加えておいたALP標識化抗体溶液をデカンテーションにより除去し、そのマイクロタイタープレートのウェルへ、TBS-Tを200μL/ウェルで添加し、デカンテーションによるTBS-Tの除去を行い、洗浄を行った。この洗浄工程を計4回行った。その後、そのマイクロタイタープレートのウェルへ、20mM Tris-HCl , 1mM MgCl2、pH9.8(以下、Assay Bufferと略す)を200μL/ウェルで添加し、デカンテーションによるAssay Bufferの除去を行い、洗浄を行った。この洗浄工程を計2回行った。次に、ウェルへCDP-Star(登録商標) Chemiluminescent Substrate for Alkaline Phosphatase Ready-to-Use (0.4mM) with Emerald-IITM Enhancer(ELISA-LightTM System:Applied Biosystems社製)をALP酵素反応基質溶液として、100μL/ウェルで加え、37℃、30分遮光放置した。その後直ちに、本ウェルの1秒間の積算発光強度を測定し、測定値を尿中完全長ヒトメガリン測定評価の指標とした。化学発光強度の測定には、Microplate Luminometer Centro LB960とMicroWin2000 software(Berthold社製)を用いた。検量線の標準品としては、腎臓から抽出したNative-ヒトメガリンを使用した。尚、尿中ヒトメガリン測定の臨床結果を、図1および図2に示す。測定対象とした2型糖尿病性腎症患者(71例)、IgA腎症患者(81例)およびネフローゼ症候群患者(18例)の患者背景を表1に示す。
実施例3で得られたIgA腎症81例のヒトメガリン尿中排泄濃度データ中で、腎生検を行った59例に関して、腎生検から得られた組織学的予後分類を指標としてサブ解析を行なった。この解析の目的は、IgA腎症の組織学的予後分類に基づいた場合、予後が悪化するに従って、尿中メガリン排泄量が予後予測の指標となり得るか否かを検証することである。IgA腎症患者(59例)の腎生検組織学的予後分類別の患者背景を表3に示す。
実施例3で得られた2型糖尿病性腎症71例のヒトメガリン尿中排泄濃度データに関して、糖尿病性病期分類を指標としてサブ解析を行なった。この解析の目的は、糖尿病性腎症の病期分類に基づいた場合、病態が悪化するに従って、尿中メガリン排泄量が障害の程度の病態把握の指標となり得るか否かを検証することである。2型糖尿病性腎症患者(71例)の病態の糖尿病性腎症病期分類別の患者背景を表7に示す。
推算糸球体濾過量は、糖尿病性腎症やIgA腎症等の多くの腎疾患を含む慢性腎臓病の一次スクリーニング検査に用いられている腎機能評価の為の指標である。慢性腎臓病のステージ分類によれば、eGFRが60〜89(mL/min/1.73m2)であれば腎機能軽度低下、30〜59(mL/min/1.73m2)であれば腎機能中度低下、15〜29(mL/min/1.73m2)であれば腎機能高度低下、15(mL/min/1.73m2)未満であれば腎不全と評価できる。図6に示すように、eGFRの低下、つまり腎機能低下の進行に従って尿中メガリン排泄量が増多傾向を示し、尿中メガリンの排泄増多は、2型糖尿病性腎症の障害の程度(病態の進展)を的確かつ早期に判別することに効力を有していることが判明した。
糖尿病性腎症病期分類の第I〜II期(腎症前期〜早期腎症期)にフォーカスして、図6および図7でみられた尿中メガリンの2型糖尿病性腎症の診断マーカーとしての有用性を、推算糸球体濾過量との適合性を検定することにより、尿中メガリンと他の腎障害診断尿マーカーで比較した。詳しくは、2型糖尿病性腎症のアウトカムを、推算糸球体濾過量の慢性腎臓病ステージ分類に基づいて、eGFRが90(mL/min/1.73m2)以上(スコア1)、60〜89(mL/min/1.73m2)(スコア2)、30〜59(mL/min/1.73m2)(スコア3)、15〜29(mL/min/1.73m2)(スコア4)とし、アウトカムの表現型としては、各マーカーの基準値(Cut-Off値)以上を示したアウトカムの出現率とした。検定の評価法としては、Mann-Whitney U検定を用いて有意差を求めた。比較対照の腎障害診断尿マーカーとしては、尿中β2-ミクログロブリン(Cut-Off:300μg/g尿クレアチニン)、尿中α1-ミクログロブリン(Cut-Off:12mg/g尿クレアチニン)、尿中N-アセチル-β-D-グルコサミニダーゼ(Cut-Off:6 IU/g尿クレアチニン)、尿蛋白(Cut-Off:0.5g/g尿クレアチニン) 、尿中アルブミン(Cut-Off:30mg/g尿クレアチニン)を用い、各対照マーカーのCut-Off値については、日常診療で常用されている基準値を採用している。結果を表10に示す。
図8に示すように、尿中メガリン排泄量は、健常人に比して急性腎不全群で有意に上昇していることが判明した。急性腎不全の診断は本疾患の国際基準であるRIFLE分類に従った。尚、尿中へのメガリン排泄量の評価に際しては、尿中メガリン濃度を尿中クレアチニン濃度で割って濃度補正したクレアチニン補正値を評価した。これは尿排泄時の濃縮率の影響ではないことを検証する為に、尿中バイオマーカーに常用されているものである。尚、健常人66例から求めた尿中メガリン排泄量の基準値(正常範囲)としては、448fmol(尿メガリン) / g(尿クレアチニン)を用いた。これは、健常人66例の尿中メガリン濃度(クレアチニン補正値)の正規分布から95%信頼区間を求め、この95%信頼区間の上限値が448fmol(尿メガリン) / g(尿クレアチニン)であり、この値を以って、尿中メガリン濃度の基準値として用いた。ただし、今回得られた基準値は、測定系プラットフォームや基準標準物質の規格設定方法の変更によっては変動する場合があり、本値を以って絶対的なCut-Off値として恒久的に使用するものではない。すなわち、Cut-Off値は、448fmol(尿メガリン) / g(尿クレアチニン)には特に限定されない。ただし、本実施例の結果は、該値が一貫して妥当性のある設定基準値として捉えることができることを示唆する。本実施例によって、尿中ヒトメガリンが特異的に測定評価でき、尿中ヒトメガリンは急性腎不全患者において排泄増多が見られたことから、腎症の病態把握および診断に効果を奏するものと考えられた。
Claims (9)
- 被験体から得られた尿からの腎障害の検出のためのマーカーとしてのヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害の検出が予後予測を行うための検出である、請求項1記載の尿中ヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害の予後予測が、尿細管機能障害を評価するためのものである、請求項2記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害の検出が障害の程度を評価するための検出である、請求項1記載の尿中ヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害の程度の評価が、尿細管機能障害を評価するためのものである、請求項4記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害が糖尿病性腎症、IgA腎症、ネフローゼ症候群、慢性糸球体腎炎、膜性腎症、ANCA関連腎炎、全身性エリテマトーデス(ループス腎炎)、紫斑病性腎炎、間質性腎炎、半月体形成性腎炎、巣状糸球体硬化症、腎硬化症、急性腎不全、慢性腎不全、腎アミロイドーシス、強皮症腎、シェーグレン症候群による間質性腎炎および、薬剤性腎症からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害が糖尿病性腎症である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害がIgA腎症である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
- 腎障害が急性腎不全である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のヒトメガリンの使用。
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US8372802B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2013-02-12 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Fluorinated macrocyclic compounds as hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
JP5424702B2 (ja) | 2009-04-27 | 2014-02-26 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 尿中ヒトメガリンを測定することを含む腎疾患検出方法 |
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