JPS63268585A - Cutting method by laser beam - Google Patents
Cutting method by laser beamInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63268585A JPS63268585A JP62261325A JP26132587A JPS63268585A JP S63268585 A JPS63268585 A JP S63268585A JP 62261325 A JP62261325 A JP 62261325A JP 26132587 A JP26132587 A JP 26132587A JP S63268585 A JPS63268585 A JP S63268585A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cut
- laser beam
- cutting
- assist gas
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 28
- 101100008044 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
- B23K26/1436—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for pressure control
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
この発明は、レーザビームを用いた切断方法に関し、特
に高融点材料、高反射率材料の切断に適用して好適なレ
ーザビームを用いた切断方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cutting method using a laser beam, and particularly to a cutting method using a laser beam that is suitable for cutting high melting point materials and high reflectance materials. Regarding the method.
［従来の技術］
レーザ加工機を用いて鋼板等を切断する場合、従来、レ
ーザビームを被切断材の表面またはその近傍に収束させ
、アシストガスのガス圧は６８ｙ／ｄに満たない比較的
低い値に設定されていた。[Prior Art] When cutting a steel plate or the like using a laser processing machine, conventionally, the laser beam is focused on the surface of the material to be cut or its vicinity, and the gas pressure of the assist gas is relatively low, less than 68 y/d. was set to the value.
ところで、上記従来のレーザ加工機において鋼板等を切
断する場合は特に問題は生じないがアルミニュウム、銅
等のような高融点材料、高反射率材料を切断しようとし
た場合、良好な切断結果を得ることができなかった。By the way, when cutting steel plates etc. with the above conventional laser processing machine, no particular problem occurs, but when trying to cut high melting point materials such as aluminum, copper, etc., high reflectance materials, good cutting results can be obtained. I couldn't do that.
すなわち、従来のレーザ加工機においてアルミニュウム
、銅等のような高融点材料、高反射率材料を切断しよう
とした場合、この被切断材溶融物であるいわゆるドロス
が被切断材の表面から裏面側に流れる間に急激に冷却し
、このためその粘度が増大し、このドロスが被切断材の
裏面に付着して切断が不完全になったり、またこのドロ
スによって切断面が荒れる等の不都合が生じた。In other words, when a conventional laser processing machine attempts to cut a material with a high melting point or high reflectance, such as aluminum or copper, the molten material, or so-called dross, flows from the surface of the material to the back side. As it flows, it cools down rapidly, which increases its viscosity, causing problems such as the dross adhering to the back side of the material being cut, resulting in incomplete cuts, and the dross causing rough cut surfaces. .
このように、従来のレーザ加工機においては、アルミニ
ュウム、銅等のような高融点材料、高反射率材料を切断
しようとしても、切断が不完全になったり、また切断で
きたとしても切断が荒れる等の不都合が生じた。In this way, when using conventional laser processing machines to cut materials with high melting points or high reflectance, such as aluminum or copper, the cuts may be incomplete, or even if they are able to be cut, the cuts may be rough. Such inconveniences arose.
この発明は上述した点に鑑みてなされたものでアルミニ
ュウム、銅等のような高融点材料、高反射率材料もきれ
いに切断できるようにしたレーザビームによる切断方法
を提供しようとするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting method using a laser beam that can cleanly cut high melting point materials and high reflectance materials such as aluminum and copper.
この光明においてはレーザビームを被切断材の表面また
はその近傍に収束させるようにし、またアシストガスの
ガス圧を従来のガス圧と比較して高圧に設定している。In this method, the laser beam is focused on the surface of the material to be cut or its vicinity, and the gas pressure of the assist gas is set to be higher than the conventional gas pressure.
すなわち、この発明は、レーザビームを切断個所に照射
するとともに、このレーザビームの照射個所にアシスト
ガスを吹き付けることによって被切断材を切断する方法
において、上記レーザビームを上記被切断材の表面また
はその近傍で収束させ、かつ上記アシストガスのガス圧
を６ Ｋｇ／ ｃｒＡ以上に設定したことを特徴する。That is, the present invention provides a method for cutting a workpiece by irradiating a laser beam onto a cutting location and blowing an assist gas onto the laser beam irradiation location. It is characterized in that the assist gas is converged in the vicinity and the gas pressure of the assist gas is set to 6 Kg/crA or more.
レーザビームは被切断材の裏面またはその近傍に収束さ
れ、これによって被切断材の表面から裏面に流れるドロ
スの急激な冷却がおさえられ、またアシストガスのガス
圧を６Ｋｇ／ａ１以上と高く設定することによってドロ
スが有効に吹き飛ばされ、これによって切断が不完全と
なることがなくなり、切断面の荒れも生じない。The laser beam is focused on the back surface of the material to be cut or its vicinity, thereby suppressing rapid cooling of the dross flowing from the surface to the back surface of the material to be cut, and the gas pressure of the assist gas is set to a high value of 6 kg/a1 or more. As a result, the dross is effectively blown away, thereby preventing incomplete cutting and preventing roughness of the cut surface.
以下、図面を参照してこの発明の詳細な説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図に示す被切断材１をレーザ加工機で切断する場合
、図示されていないレーザ発振器より出力されたレーザ
ビームが反射ミラー２及び集光レンズ３を介して被切断
材１に入射され、同時にノズル４の先端から被切断材１
の切断点に向けてアシストガス５が吹付けられる。When cutting a workpiece 1 shown in FIG. 1 with a laser processing machine, a laser beam output from a laser oscillator (not shown) is incident on the workpiece 1 via a reflection mirror 2 and a condensing lens 3. At the same time, the workpiece 1 is cut from the tip of the nozzle 4.
Assist gas 5 is blown toward the cutting point.
ところで、上記被切断材１がアルミニウム、銅等のよう
な高融点材料、高反射率材料で形成されている場合、前
記したように従来の方法では良好な切断結果を得ること
ができない。By the way, when the material to be cut 1 is made of a high melting point material or a high reflectance material such as aluminum or copper, good cutting results cannot be obtained by the conventional method as described above.
そこでこの実施例では、
Ａ） レーザビームを被切断材１の裏面またはその近傍
に収束させ、
８）アシストガスのガス圧を高圧（１０〜２０Ｋｇ／ｄ
）に設定する。なお、この実施例ではアシストガスとし
て窒素（Ｎ２）ガスを使用しているが、被切断材を酸化
させないものであれば、アルゴン（Ａ「）ガスなど他の
ガスも使用可能である。Therefore, in this embodiment, A) the laser beam is focused on the back surface of the material to be cut 1 or its vicinity, and 8) the gas pressure of the assist gas is increased to a high pressure (10 to 20 kg/d).
). Although nitrogen (N2) gas is used as the assist gas in this embodiment, other gases such as argon (A'') gas can also be used as long as they do not oxidize the material to be cut.
上記加工条件に基づく切断を行なうに先だって、いわゆ
るピアッシング（下穴加工）が実施される。Prior to cutting based on the above processing conditions, so-called piercing (prepared hole processing) is performed.
すなわち、第２図（ａ）に示す如く被切断材１の上面に
レーザビームを収束させて、切断開始点に下穴が形成さ
れる。That is, as shown in FIG. 2(a), a laser beam is focused on the upper surface of the material to be cut 1, and a pilot hole is formed at the cutting starting point.
なお、このビアッシング時には、材料の飛散を防止する
ためアシストガスの圧力を低く設定する。Note that during this viashing, the pressure of the assist gas is set low to prevent material from scattering.
上記ビアッシングが終了すると、上記加工条件に基づく
切断加工が行なわれる。When the above-mentioned viasing is completed, cutting is performed based on the above-mentioned processing conditions.
すなわち、ノズル４が下降されて、第２図（ｂ）に示す
如くレーザビームが被切断材１の下面またはその近傍に
収束される。そして切断点に吹き付けられるアシストガ
スのガス圧は高圧（１０〜２０ ｈ ／ ａｊ ）に切
換えられ、かつ被切断材１が切断方向に移動される。That is, the nozzle 4 is lowered and the laser beam is focused on the lower surface of the material to be cut 1 or its vicinity, as shown in FIG. 2(b). Then, the gas pressure of the assist gas blown to the cutting point is switched to a high pressure (10 to 20 h/aj), and the material to be cut 1 is moved in the cutting direction.
上記実施例によれば、アルミニウム、銅等のような高融
点材料、高反射率材料からなる被切断材をきわめて良好
に切断できることが確認された。According to the above embodiment, it was confirmed that a material to be cut made of a high melting point material such as aluminum or copper or a high reflectance material could be cut very well.
なお、切断間始点が被切断材１の端である場合には、当
然、前記ビアッシング処理は必要としない。Note that if the starting point during cutting is the end of the material to be cut 1, the viasing process is naturally not required.
またこのビアッシングの時間は、被切断材１の厚さに応
じて異なるので、適宜タイマによってその時間が設定さ
れる。もちろん、被切断材１の下面側に光センサを配設
し、このセンサによってビアッシングの終了を検出する
ことも可能である。Further, since the time for this viashing differs depending on the thickness of the material to be cut 1, the time is appropriately set by a timer. Of course, it is also possible to arrange an optical sensor on the lower surface side of the material to be cut 1 and use this sensor to detect the end of viasing.
上記した加工手順は、全てＮＣプログラムに従って自動
的に実行される。All of the above processing procedures are automatically executed according to the NC program.
ところで、従来のようにレーザビームを被切断材の表面
に収束させて切断を行なう場合には、第３図に示すよう
にノズル４′の先端とレーザビームの収束点との距離１
′が短かくてよい。したがって、ノズル４′の開口径φ
′に対するノズル先端のストレート部４ ａ ｒの長さ
の比率を大きくとることができ、これによってアシスト
ガスを切断点に有効に集中させることが可能であった。By the way, when cutting is performed by converging a laser beam on the surface of a material to be cut as in the past, as shown in FIG.
′ can be short. Therefore, the opening diameter φ of the nozzle 4'
It was possible to increase the ratio of the length of the straight part 4a at the nozzle tip to the length of the straight part 4a at the tip of the nozzle, thereby making it possible to effectively concentrate the assist gas at the cutting point.
しかし、上記実施例のように、レーザビームを被切断材
１の裏面またはその近傍に収束させる場合には、第４図
に示すようにノズル４の間口径φを大きくする必要があ
る。However, when the laser beam is focused on the back surface of the material to be cut 1 or its vicinity as in the above embodiment, it is necessary to increase the diameter φ of the nozzle 4 as shown in FIG.
つまり、被切断材１の厚みを考虞してノズル４とビーム
収束点間の距離ｌを大きくとる必要がある。In other words, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the material 1 to be cut and to increase the distance l between the nozzle 4 and the beam convergence point.
間口径φを大きくすると、この間口径φに対するストレ
ート部の比率が小さくなるので、アシストガスがノズル
４の先端から拡散するという不都合を生じる。そこで、
この実施例では、第４図に示したように、ノズル４の内
周面を断面階段状に形成している。When the opening diameter φ is increased, the ratio of the straight portion to the opening diameter φ becomes smaller, resulting in the inconvenience that the assist gas diffuses from the tip of the nozzle 4. Therefore,
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner circumferential surface of the nozzle 4 is formed to have a stepped cross section.
このノズル４によれば、複数のストレート部４ａが形成
されるので、開口径φに対するストレート部の比率を実
質的に大きくすることができ、これによってアシストガ
スを切断点に有効に集中させることができる。According to this nozzle 4, since a plurality of straight parts 4a are formed, the ratio of the straight parts to the opening diameter φ can be substantially increased, and thereby the assist gas can be effectively concentrated at the cutting point. can.
なお、上記実施例では、被切断材の切断時においてアシ
ストガスのガス圧を１０〜２０Ｋｇ／ｃｄに設定したが
、このガス圧は少なくとも６Ｋｙ／ａｊ以上に設定すれ
ば良好な切断が可能となる。In addition, in the above embodiment, the gas pressure of the assist gas was set at 10 to 20 Kg/cd when cutting the material to be cut, but good cutting is possible if this gas pressure is set to at least 6 Ky/aj or more. .
以上説明したようにこの発明によればアルミニウム、銅
等の高融点材料、高反射率材料からなる被切断材を適性
に切断することができ、これによってレーザ加工機の適
用範囲を拡大することができる。As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to appropriately cut materials made of high melting point materials such as aluminum and copper, and high reflectance materials, thereby expanding the scope of application of laser processing machines. can.
第１図はレーザ加工機による切断の原理を示し、た概念
図、第２図（ａ）および（ｂ）はピアッシング時および
切断時におけるレーザビームの集光位置をそれぞれ示し
た概念図、第３図は従来のノズルの構成を部分的に示し
た断面図、第４図は本発明の実施例に用いたノズルの構
成を部分的に示す断面図である。
１・・・被切断材、３・・・集光レンズ、４・・・ノズ
ル、５・・・アシストガス。
第３図
第４図Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of cutting by a laser processing machine, Figures 2 (a) and (b) are conceptual diagrams showing the focusing positions of the laser beam during piercing and cutting, respectively. The figure is a sectional view partially showing the structure of a conventional nozzle, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view partially showing the structure of a nozzle used in an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Material to be cut, 3... Condensing lens, 4... Nozzle, 5... Assist gas. Figure 3 Figure 4
Claims (3)
のレーザビームの照射個所にアシストガスを吹き付ける
ことによつて被切断材を切断する方法において、 上記レーザビームを上記被切断材の裏面またはその近傍
で収束させ、 かつ上記アシストガスのガス圧を６Ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２以上
に設定したことを特徴とするレーザビームによる切断方
法。(1) In a method of cutting a material to be cut by irradiating a laser beam onto a cutting location and blowing an assist gas onto the irradiation location of the laser beam, the laser beam is applied to the back surface of the material to be cut or its vicinity. A cutting method using a laser beam, characterized in that the gas pressure of the assist gas is set to 6 kg/cm^2 or more.
の範囲第（１）項記載のレーザビームによる切断方法。(2) A cutting method using a laser beam according to claim (1), wherein N_2 is used as the assist gas.
ｍ＾２に設定された特許請求の範囲第（１）項記載のレ
ーザビームによる切断方法。(3) The gas pressure of the above assist gas is 10 to 20 kg/c
A cutting method using a laser beam according to claim (1), wherein the laser beam is set to m^2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62261325A JPS63268585A (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1987-10-16 | Cutting method by laser beam |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28648886 | 1986-12-01 | ||
| JP61-286488 | 1986-12-01 | ||
| JP62261325A JPS63268585A (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1987-10-16 | Cutting method by laser beam |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63268585A true JPS63268585A (en) | 1988-11-07 |
Family
ID=26545021
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62261325A Pending JPS63268585A (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1987-10-16 | Cutting method by laser beam |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63268585A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02160190A (en) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-20 | Amada Co Ltd | Method and device for pierce-working in laser beam machine |
| WO1991005631A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-05-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Laser cutting method |
| JPH03221286A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-09-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method and device for laser beam machining |
| US5585018A (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1996-12-17 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Laser cutting method eliminating defects in regions where cutting conditions are changed |
| JP2011526211A (en) * | 2008-06-28 | 2011-10-06 | トルンプフ ヴェルクツォイクマシーネン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | Method for eccentrically orienting a laser cutting beam with respect to the nozzle axis, method for inclined cutting, corresponding laser processing head and laser processing machine |
-
1987
- 1987-10-16 JP JP62261325A patent/JPS63268585A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02160190A (en) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-20 | Amada Co Ltd | Method and device for pierce-working in laser beam machine |
| WO1991005631A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-05-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Laser cutting method |
| US5374803A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1994-12-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Laser cutting process |
| JPH03221286A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-09-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method and device for laser beam machining |
| US5585018A (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1996-12-17 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Laser cutting method eliminating defects in regions where cutting conditions are changed |
| JP2011526211A (en) * | 2008-06-28 | 2011-10-06 | トルンプフ ヴェルクツォイクマシーネン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | Method for eccentrically orienting a laser cutting beam with respect to the nozzle axis, method for inclined cutting, corresponding laser processing head and laser processing machine |
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