JPS63166148A - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
Lithium secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63166148A JPS63166148A JP61312205A JP31220586A JPS63166148A JP S63166148 A JPS63166148 A JP S63166148A JP 61312205 A JP61312205 A JP 61312205A JP 31220586 A JP31220586 A JP 31220586A JP S63166148 A JPS63166148 A JP S63166148A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- alloy
- battery
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910008293 Li—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明はリチウム二次電池に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery.
従来の技術
従来より、リチウム二次電池用の負極は大きく次の２つ
の方法に別けられる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, negative electrodes for lithium secondary batteries can be broadly classified into the following two methods.
（１）リチウム金属単体だけで負（至）材料を形成する
もの。(1) Lithium metal alone forms a negative material.
（２） リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出する保持体で負
極材料を形成するもので、主にＣｄ、Ｐｂ、ａｎ。(2) A holder that absorbs and releases lithium ions and forms the negative electrode material, mainly Cd, Pb, and anion.
Ｂｉ、Ｉｎなどを成分とする合金がよく用いられる。Alloys containing Bi, In, etc. are often used.
（１）と（２）を単位体積当りの容量密度で比較した場
合、（１）のリチウム単体では２ｏθ２ｍＡｈ／６ｎ、
（２）の保持体を用いる方法では最も吸蔵能力の大きい
も（７） ’ｔ’ １７００ ｍＡ ｈ／ｃｍである。When (1) and (2) are compared in terms of capacity density per unit volume, lithium alone in (1) is 2oθ2mAh/6n,
The method (2) using a holder has the highest storage capacity (7) 't' of 1700 mA h/cm.
しかし実際に上記（１） 、 （２）の２種の負極材料
を用いて、電解液として過塩素酸リチウム（Ｌ Ｉ Ｃ
ｆ１Ｏ４）を溶解した炭酸プロピレン（ｐｃ）を用いて
電池を構成した場合、（１）のリチウム金属単体の場合
よりも（２）の合金を負極材料として用いた方が充放電
効率は高く、電池の寿命は長くなる。特に正極の可逆性
の良好な部分を使用するための負極容量規制の電池とし
た場合、リチウム金属単体では放電時に負極にリチウム
が残らず、充電時に負極集電体上にリチウムが析出する
ためさらに充放電効率が低くなる。またリチウム金属を
用いた充放電させる場合には電解液の種類によりデンド
ライトが発生することがあり、一般的に電解液の種類に
依存しない合金を用いる方が電池の寿命は長い。However, in practice, two types of negative electrode materials (1) and (2) above were used, and lithium perchlorate (LIC) was used as the electrolyte.
When a battery is constructed using propylene carbonate (PC) in which f1O4) is dissolved, the charge/discharge efficiency is higher when the alloy (2) is used as the negative electrode material than when lithium metal is used alone (1), and the battery has a longer lifespan. In particular, in the case of a battery with limited negative electrode capacity to use the highly reversible portion of the positive electrode, lithium metal alone does not leave any lithium on the negative electrode during discharge, and lithium precipitates on the negative electrode current collector during charging. Charge/discharge efficiency decreases. Furthermore, when charging and discharging using lithium metal, dendrites may occur depending on the type of electrolyte, and generally the life of the battery is longer if an alloy is used that does not depend on the type of electrolyte.
次に合金の中ではＬ ｉ −Ａｊ！ 、 Ｌ ｉ −Ｃ
ｄ−Ｉ ｎ−Ｐｂ 。Next, among alloys, L i −Aj! , L i -C
d-I n-Pb.
Ｌｉ−８ｎ−Ｎｉ系などがあるが負極容量規制の電池の
場合は充放電効率が９８チ以下と小さく、長寿命の二次
電池は期待できない。その合金の種類の中でもＬｉ−Ｃ
ｄ−Ｂ１−Ｐｂ系合金は充放電効率が最も高いが、それ
は合金の組成に依存することがわかった。There are Li-8n-Ni type batteries, but in the case of batteries with limited negative electrode capacity, the charging/discharging efficiency is as low as 98 inches or less, and a long-life secondary battery cannot be expected. Among the types of alloys, Li-C
It was found that the d-B1-Pb alloy has the highest charge/discharge efficiency, but it depends on the composition of the alloy.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
このような従来の構成では、充放電効率が負極集電体の
材質や電解液の種類に大きく依存するリチウム金属単体
を負極として用いることはできないし、かつ充放電効率
がリチウム金属単体よりも高いＬｉ−Ａｎ 、Ｌｉ−Ｃ
ｄ−Ｉｎ−Ｐｂ１Ｌｉ−Ｎｉ−ａｎ系でも正極の可逆性
の良好な部分を使用するための負極容量規制の電池では
充放電効率が短いという問題点がある。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In such a conventional configuration, lithium metal alone cannot be used as the negative electrode, and the charging and discharging efficiency largely depends on the material of the negative electrode current collector and the type of electrolyte, and the charging and discharging efficiency is Li-An, Li-C with higher efficiency than lithium metal alone
Even in the d-In-Pb1Li-Ni-an system, there is a problem in that the charging/discharging efficiency is short in a battery that uses a portion of the positive electrode with good reversibility and is limited in negative electrode capacity.
本発明はこのような問題点を解決するもので、電池のサ
イクル寿命と容量の安定化の向上を目的とするものであ
る。The present invention solves these problems and aims to improve the cycle life and stabilize the capacity of batteries.
問題点を解決するだめの手段
上記の問題点を解決するために、本発明はりチウム二次
電池の負極材料に重量％でＣｄを２５〜４０、Ｂｉを２
ｏ〜２５、残りがＰｂであるＣｄ−Ｂ１−Ｐｂ系合金を
用いるものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, 25 to 40% by weight of Cd and 2% of Bi were added to the negative electrode material of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
A Cd-B1-Pb alloy in which the remainder is Pb is used.
作 用
本発明の範囲内にあるＣｄ−Ｂ１−Ｐｂ系合金は充放電
効率が９９．９％以上と高く、負極容量規制の電池構成
とした時に一定な充放電容量を維持するという作用があ
る。また正極が無機化合物である時、０ボルトまでの過
放電を行うと性能が回復しないが、この負極材料で負極
容量規制の電池は性能が回復することとなる。Function: The Cd-B1-Pb alloy within the scope of the present invention has a high charge/discharge efficiency of 99.9% or more, and has the effect of maintaining a constant charge/discharge capacity when configured as a battery with negative electrode capacity regulation. . Furthermore, when the positive electrode is an inorganic compound, performance does not recover if overdischarged to 0 volts, but with this negative electrode material, the performance of a battery with limited negative electrode capacity will recover.
実施例 本発明の実施例を第１〜第３図を用いて説明する。Example Embodiments of the present invention will be described using FIGS. 1 to 3.
第１図は本発明の負極合金の充放電効率をみるために用
いた径が２０ｒＨＲ１総高が１．６ｍｍの電池の一部断
面図を示す。１は負極合金、２はステンレス製負極集電
体、３はステンレス製封口板、４はステンレス製ケース
、５はチタン製正極集電体、６は三酸化モリブデンを正
極活物質とした正極合剤、７は微細孔をもつポリプロピ
レン製セパレータ、８はポリプロピレン製含浸材、９は
ポリプロピレン製ガスケットである。FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a battery having a diameter of 20rHR1 and a total height of 1.6 mm, which was used to examine the charge/discharge efficiency of the negative electrode alloy of the present invention. 1 is a negative electrode alloy, 2 is a stainless steel negative electrode current collector, 3 is a stainless steel sealing plate, 4 is a stainless steel case, 5 is a titanium positive electrode current collector, and 6 is a positive electrode mixture using molybdenum trioxide as a positive electrode active material. , 7 is a polypropylene separator having micropores, 8 is a polypropylene impregnating material, and 9 is a polypropylene gasket.
正極は組成が重量部でＭｏ５ｓ１００に対し、カーボン
ブラック１６、フッ素樹脂系結着剤１６とし、容量が５
０ ｍＡｈとなるように正極集電体に充填した後、打抜
いたものを用いた。The composition of the positive electrode is Mo5s100, carbon black 16, fluororesin binder 16, and the capacity is 5 parts by weight.
A positive electrode current collector was filled with the material so that the current was 0 mAh, and then punched out.
電解液は１ ％ル／ １１ （Ｄ Ｌ ｉｃ！！、０４
を溶解Ｌ＊ｐｃを用いた。そして負極は圧延、打抜いた
合金（１５ｍφｘ １００ ｐｍ 、 Ｃｄ −Ｂ １
−Ｐｂ系）にステンレス製ネットを圧着したのち、封口
板にスポットしている。負極活物質のリチウムは３０
ｍＡｈの容量をもつように打抜き、合金にはりつけ、電
池に組込んだ。その後、電池を６０°Ｃの環境温度下で
２４時時間−た。電池の中のリチウムは、この過程を通
った後、負極合金中にすでに吸蔵されていることを確認
した。The electrolyte is 1% L/11 (D Lic!!, 04
was dissolved using L*pc. The negative electrode was made of a rolled and punched alloy (15 mφ x 100 pm, Cd-B 1
-Pb series), a stainless steel net is crimped onto it, and then spotted on a sealing plate. The negative electrode active material lithium is 30
It was punched out to have a capacity of mAh, glued to an alloy, and assembled into a battery. Thereafter, the battery was left at an ambient temperature of 60° C. for 24 hours. It was confirmed that the lithium in the battery was already occluded in the negative electrode alloy after going through this process.
第２図は本発明を第１図に示した電池で実施した際の負
極の充放電効率である。FIG. 2 shows the charging and discharging efficiency of the negative electrode when the present invention was applied to the battery shown in FIG. 1.
この図はＣｄの重量パーセントを３０にし、あとのＢｉ
とｐｂの組成を変化させたものである。In this figure, the weight percent of Cd is 30, and the remaining Bi
The composition of pb and pb was changed.
第２図より、充放電効率が最大となるのがＢ１で２０〜
２６重量パーセントの時であること濾わかる。Ｂｉが２
０％より小さい時、充放電効率は９９％以下であシ、電
池としてのサイクル寿命は短い。またＢｉが２６重量パ
ーセントを超える時、さらに充放電効率の低下が急激で
あることがわかっ九。これはＢｉの増加にともなう充放
電の際の合金の微粉化が顕著に起るためであることがわ
かった。From Figure 2, B1 has the highest charging and discharging efficiency at 20~
It can be seen from the filter that it is 26% by weight. Bi is 2
When it is less than 0%, the charge/discharge efficiency is 99% or less, and the cycle life of the battery is short. It was also found that when Bi exceeds 26% by weight, the charge/discharge efficiency decreases even more rapidly. It has been found that this is because the alloy is noticeably pulverized during charging and discharging as the Bi content increases.
さらにＣｄの重量パーセントを０〜６０まで変化させた
時には、０〜２０までは極板の微粉化が激しく充放電効
率が低下すること、また４０〜６゜までは合金負極の飽
和吸蔵量が小さく 、５ｍＡｈ／Ｊ以内の小さい容量密
度の電池しかできないことがわかった。Furthermore, when the weight percent of Cd is changed from 0 to 60, it is found that from 0 to 20, the electrode plate is severely pulverized and the charge/discharge efficiency decreases, and from 40 to 6, the saturated occlusion amount of the alloy negative electrode is small. , it was found that only batteries with small capacity densities within 5 mAh/J can be produced.
以上でＣｄ−Ｂ１−Ｐｂ系合金が本発明の範囲内で優れ
た充放電効率をもち、リチウム二次電池の負極として最
適であることがわかる。From the above, it can be seen that the Cd-B1-Pb alloy has excellent charge and discharge efficiency within the scope of the present invention and is optimal as a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
第３図は本発明を第１図に示した電池で添加するリチウ
ム量を変化させ、実施した際の電池のサイクル特性であ
る。ここでは負極合金の組成はＣ（が３０．Ｂｔが２０
、ｐｂが５Ｃ１）重量パーセントである合金を使用した
。FIG. 3 shows the cycle characteristics of the battery when the present invention was applied to the battery shown in FIG. 1 by varying the amount of lithium added. Here, the composition of the negative electrode alloy is C (30. Bt is 20
, pb was 5C1) weight percent.
充放電条件は電流１ ｍＡで上限２．７■、下限１、ｏ
Ｖの範囲でサイクルしたものである。ここでは正極の充
放電時に生じる不活性化容量は約１０ｍＡｈ となっ
た。Charge/discharge conditions are current 1 mA, upper limit 2.7■, lower limit 1, o
It was cycled in the V range. Here, the inactivation capacity generated during charging and discharging of the positive electrode was approximately 10 mAh.
図中（５）はリチウム添加量３０ｍＡｈのもの、（Ｂ）
は２０ ｍＡｈのもの、（ｑは４０ ｍＡｈのものであ
る。In the figure, (5) is the one with lithium addition amount of 30mAh, (B)
is of 20 mAh, (q is of 40 mAh.
この図からもわかるように（５）、ｐについては充放電
の容量密度の差はあるものの充放電効率は９９．９％以
上の高い性能をもち、従ってサイクル寿命も長いものと
なっていることがわかる。しかしながら初期に２０ｍＡ
ｈ／ｃｍ以上の容量密度をもつ（Ｂ）は充放電効率が低
くサイクル寿命が短いものとなっている。As can be seen from this figure (5), although there is a difference in charge/discharge capacity density for p, the charge/discharge efficiency is high at over 99.9%, and the cycle life is therefore long. I understand. However, initially 20mA
(B), which has a capacity density of h/cm or more, has a low charge/discharge efficiency and a short cycle life.
以上の例からも本発明の範囲内にあるものはリチウム二
次電池の特性として優れた特性をもっていることがわか
る。From the above examples, it can be seen that those within the scope of the present invention have excellent characteristics as lithium secondary batteries.
発明の効果
ｌ 以上のように本発明によれば、従来のものより
充放電効率は高くし、寿命を長くするという効果がえら
れる。Effects of the Invention 1 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effects of higher charging/discharging efficiency and longer life than the conventional ones.
従ってビデオのタイマーのメモリーバックアップやテレ
ビのリモコンなど充電する機会の多い機種に適する電池
を提供できるものである。Therefore, it is possible to provide a battery that is suitable for devices that are frequently charged, such as memory backup for video timers and television remote controls.
第１図は本発明の一実施例における電池の一部断面図、
第２図は同電池の負極合金組成を変化させた時の負極の
充放電効率を示す図、第３図は同電池のサイクル特性を
示す図である。
１・・・・負極合金、２・・・・・・負極集電体、３・
・・・・・封口板、４・・・・ケース、５・・・・・正
極集電体、６・・・・・正極合剤、７・・・・・・セパ
レータ、８・・・・・含浸材、９・・・・・ガスケット
。
代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか１名第２
図
第３図
サイクル敷FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the charge/discharge efficiency of the negative electrode when the negative electrode alloy composition of the same battery was changed, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the cycle characteristics of the same battery. 1... Negative electrode alloy, 2... Negative electrode current collector, 3...
... Sealing plate, 4 ... Case, 5 ... Positive electrode current collector, 6 ... Positive electrode mixture, 7 ... Separator, 8 ...・Impregnating material, 9...Gasket. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person 2nd
Figure 3 Cycle bed
Claims (1)
２０ｍＡｈ／ｃｍ＾３以内の二次電池において、リチウ
ムを除いた時の合金組成が重量％でＣｄが２０〜４０、
Ｂｉが２０〜２５、残りがＰｂであることを特徴とする
リチウム二次電池。In a secondary battery using a Li-Cd-Bi-Pb alloy for the negative electrode and having a capacity density of within 20 mAh/cm^3, the alloy composition when excluding lithium is Cd in weight% of 20 to 40,
A lithium secondary battery characterized in that Bi is 20 to 25 and the remainder is Pb.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61312205A JPS63166148A (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Lithium secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61312205A JPS63166148A (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Lithium secondary battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63166148A true JPS63166148A (en) | 1988-07-09 |
Family
ID=18026469
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61312205A Pending JPS63166148A (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Lithium secondary battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63166148A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61238015A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1986-10-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Display device for vehicle |
| JPS6264638A (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-23 | サン−ゴバン・ヴイトラ−ジユ | Front glass with reflector reflecting optical signal in visual field of driver |
-
1986
- 1986-12-26 JP JP61312205A patent/JPS63166148A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61238015A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1986-10-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Display device for vehicle |
| JPS6264638A (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-23 | サン−ゴバン・ヴイトラ−ジユ | Front glass with reflector reflecting optical signal in visual field of driver |
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