JPS624973B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS624973B2 JPS624973B2 JP55088129A JP8812980A JPS624973B2 JP S624973 B2 JPS624973 B2 JP S624973B2 JP 55088129 A JP55088129 A JP 55088129A JP 8812980 A JP8812980 A JP 8812980A JP S624973 B2 JPS624973 B2 JP S624973B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- scanning
- probe
- subject
- ultrasonic
- piezoelectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8909—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration
- G01S15/8915—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array
- G01S15/892—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array the array being curvilinear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0633—Cylindrical array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
- G10K11/32—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by the shape of the source
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8812980A JPS5711648A (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1980-06-27 | Ultrasonic probe |
GB8119579A GB2079102B (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1981-06-25 | Arc scan transducer array having a diverging lens |
DE3124979A DE3124979C2 (de) | 1980-06-27 | 1981-06-25 | Ultraschallwandler-Anordnung |
FR8112644A FR2485738B1 (fr) | 1980-06-27 | 1981-06-26 | Reseau de transducteurs pour balayage en arc comportant une lentille divergente |
US06/277,816 US4440025A (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1981-06-26 | Arc scan transducer array having a diverging lens |
US06/404,917 US4470308A (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1982-08-03 | Arc scan ultrasonic imaging system having diverging lens and path-length compensator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8812980A JPS5711648A (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1980-06-27 | Ultrasonic probe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5711648A JPS5711648A (en) | 1982-01-21 |
JPS624973B2 true JPS624973B2 (US07534539-20090519-C00280.png) | 1987-02-02 |
Family
ID=13934304
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8812980A Granted JPS5711648A (en) | 1980-06-27 | 1980-06-27 | Ultrasonic probe |
Country Status (5)
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01130672U (US07534539-20090519-C00280.png) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-05 |
Families Citing this family (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5711648A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ultrasonic probe |
JPS587231A (ja) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-01-17 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波診断装置 |
US4622972A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1986-11-18 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Ultrasound hyperthermia applicator with variable coherence by multi-spiral focusing |
DE3375614D1 (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1988-03-10 | Toshiba Kk | Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus |
US4551826A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1985-11-05 | Sperry Corporation | Multiple beam lens transducer with collimator for sonar systems |
DE3319871A1 (de) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-12-06 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Piezoelektrischer wandler zur zerstoerung von konkrementen im koerperinnern |
JPS59225044A (ja) * | 1983-06-07 | 1984-12-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波トランスジユ−サ |
JPS605136A (ja) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-01-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超音波断層装置 |
FR2553521B1 (fr) * | 1983-10-18 | 1986-04-11 | Cgr Ultrasonic | Sonde d'echographie, procede de fabrication de cette sonde et appareil d'echographie incorporant une telle sonde |
USRE33590E (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1991-05-21 | Edap International, S.A. | Method for examining, localizing and treating with ultrasound |
US5143073A (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1992-09-01 | Edap International, S.A. | Wave apparatus system |
JPS60241428A (ja) * | 1984-05-16 | 1985-11-30 | 株式会社 日立メデイコ | 電子走査形超音波診断装置 |
FR2570837B1 (fr) * | 1984-09-25 | 1987-11-20 | Cgr Ultrasonic | Sonde a ultrasons pour balayage sectoriel electronique et echographe incorporant une telle sonde |
US4722345A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1988-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic diagnostic multiple-sector image display system |
US4659956A (en) * | 1985-01-24 | 1987-04-21 | General Electric Company | Compound focus ultrasonic transducer |
DE3580848D1 (de) * | 1985-09-24 | 1991-01-17 | Hewlett Packard Gmbh | Schaltmatrix. |
EP0229981B1 (de) * | 1985-12-20 | 1990-02-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Eigenschaften des Fokus eines Ultraschallfeldes und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE3787746T2 (de) * | 1986-04-02 | 1994-02-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ultraschallwandler mit einem Ultraschallfortpflanzungsmedium. |
FR2607590B1 (fr) * | 1986-11-28 | 1989-09-08 | Thomson Cgr | Sonde d'echographe avec circuit de connexion perfectionne |
JPS63207300A (ja) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-08-26 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波プロ−ブ |
JPS63220847A (ja) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-14 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
US4998549A (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1991-03-12 | Verteq, Inc. | Megasonic cleaning apparatus |
US4869278A (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1989-09-26 | Bran Mario E | Megasonic cleaning apparatus |
US5037481B1 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1993-05-11 | Verteq, Inc. | Megasonic cleaning method |
JPH02234600A (ja) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-17 | Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Ltd | 圧電変換素子 |
JP2784788B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-10 | 1998-08-06 | ジーイー横河メディカルシステム株式会社 | 超音波診断装置 |
JPH0790026B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-25 | 1995-10-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 超音波診断装置 |
US5226847A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1993-07-13 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for acquiring imaging signals with reduced number of interconnect wires |
US5235986A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1993-08-17 | Acuson Corporation | Variable origin-variable angle acoustic scanning method and apparatus for a curved linear array |
US5148810A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-09-22 | Acuson Corporation | Variable origin-variable angle acoustic scanning method and apparatus |
US5090432A (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-02-25 | Verteq, Inc. | Single wafer megasonic semiconductor wafer processing system |
US5322068A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-06-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method and apparatus for dynamically steering ultrasonic phased arrays |
US5415175A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-05-16 | Acuson Corporation | Broadband phased array transducer design with frequency controlled two dimension capability and methods for manufacture thereof |
US5438998A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-08-08 | Acuson Corporation | Broadband phased array transducer design with frequency controlled two dimension capability and methods for manufacture thereof |
US5743855A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1998-04-28 | Acuson Corporation | Broadband phased array transducer design with frequency controlled two dimension capability and methods for manufacture thereof |
AU688334B2 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1998-03-12 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Broadband phased array transducer design with frequency controlled two dimension capability and methods for manufacture thereof |
US5505090A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1996-04-09 | Holographics Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-destructive inspection of composite materials and semi-monocoque structures |
DE69516444T2 (de) * | 1994-03-11 | 2001-01-04 | Intravascular Research Ltd., London | Ultraschall Wandleranordnung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE4421847C2 (de) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-06-27 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zum Messen von Unregelmäßigkeiten in Behälterinnenwänden mit Ultraschall |
JPH10507936A (ja) | 1994-08-05 | 1998-08-04 | アキュソン コーポレイション | 送信ビーム生成器システムのための方法及び装置 |
US5675554A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-10-07 | Acuson Corporation | Method and apparatus for transmit beamformer |
US7226417B1 (en) | 1995-12-26 | 2007-06-05 | Volcano Corporation | High resolution intravascular ultrasound transducer assembly having a flexible substrate |
US7108663B2 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2006-09-19 | Exogen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for cartilage growth stimulation |
US7789841B2 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2010-09-07 | Exogen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for connective tissue treatment |
US5904659A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1999-05-18 | Exogen, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment for wounds |
EP0975392A1 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 2000-02-02 | Exogen, Inc. | Ultrasound application device for accelerating sternum healing |
US5931684A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-08-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Compact electrical connections for ultrasonic transducers |
US5990598A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Segment connections for multiple elevation transducers |
US5977691A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-11-02 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Element interconnections for multiple aperture transducers |
WO1999056829A1 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-11 | Exogen, Inc. | Ultrasound bandages |
EP1105044A1 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2001-06-13 | Acoustic Sciences Associates | Synthetic structural imaging and volume estimation of biological tissue organs |
DE19833213C2 (de) * | 1998-07-23 | 2002-11-07 | Siemens Ag | Ultraschall-Sendeanordnung |
US6155982A (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-12-05 | Hunt; Thomas J | Multiple sub-array transducer for improved data acquisition in ultrasonic imaging systems |
JP4132682B2 (ja) | 1999-05-21 | 2008-08-13 | エクソジェン インコーポレイテッド | 超音波および電磁気による組織治療装置および方法 |
AU768759B2 (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2004-01-08 | Exogen, Inc. | Method and kit for cavitation-induced tissue healing with low intensity ultrasound |
EP1331894B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2010-12-01 | Exogen, Inc. | Transducer mounting assembly |
US6759791B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2004-07-06 | Ram Hatangadi | Multidimensional array and fabrication thereof |
US7429248B1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2008-09-30 | Exogen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling acoustic modes in tissue healing applications |
US7278513B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2007-10-09 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Internal lens system for loudspeaker waveguides |
US20060009948A1 (en) * | 2003-10-04 | 2006-01-12 | Dannis Wulf | Method and apparatus for inspecting parts with high frequency linear array |
AU2005205820B2 (en) * | 2004-09-04 | 2011-04-14 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Ultrasound device and method of use |
FR2886551B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-03 | 2007-09-07 | Theraclion Soc Par Actions Sim | Procede de determination de distance et appareil de traitement mettant en oeuvre ub tel procede |
FR2886533B1 (fr) | 2005-06-03 | 2007-09-14 | Theraclion Soc Par Actions Sim | Tete d'imagerie et de traitement d'organes d'etres vivants et procede de fabrication |
FR2886534A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-08 | Theraclion Soc Par Actions Sim | Tete d'imagerie et de traitement d'organes d'etres vivants et procede de fabrication |
US7927280B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2011-04-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Curved 2-D array ultrasound transducer and method for volumetric imaging |
US8057408B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2011-11-15 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy |
US10219815B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2019-03-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Histotripsy for thrombolysis |
US8104341B2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-01-31 | Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid level monitoring system |
EP2467062B1 (en) | 2009-08-17 | 2017-01-18 | Histosonics, Inc. | Disposable acoustic coupling medium container |
JP5863654B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-26 | 2016-02-16 | リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ ミシガン | 治療および画像処理超音波変換器用のマイクロマニピュレータ制御アーム |
CA2770706C (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2017-06-20 | Charles A. Cain | Devices and methods for using controlled bubble cloud cavitation in fractionating urinary stones |
US8539813B2 (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2013-09-24 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Gel phantoms for testing cavitational ultrasound (histotripsy) transducers |
FR2973550B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-30 | 2015-12-04 | Edap Tms France | Procede et appareil de generation d'ondes ultrasonores focalisees a modulation de surface |
US8412473B2 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2013-04-02 | Schmitt Industries, Inc. | Event monitoring and detection in liquid level monitoring system |
US9144694B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-09-29 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Lesion generation through bone using histotripsy therapy without aberration correction |
US9049783B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2015-06-02 | Histosonics, Inc. | Systems and methods for obtaining large creepage isolation on printed circuit boards |
WO2013166019A1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-11-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Ultrasound transducer manufacturing using rapid-prototyping method |
WO2014055906A1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-10 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Bubble-induced color doppler feedback during histotripsy |
US11432900B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2022-09-06 | Histosonics, Inc. | Articulating arm limiter for cavitational ultrasound therapy system |
BR112015032926B1 (pt) | 2013-07-03 | 2022-04-05 | Histosonics, Inc. | Sistema de terapia de ultrassom |
WO2015027164A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Histotripsy using very short ultrasound pulses |
US11723625B2 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2023-08-15 | Transducerworks, Llc | Acoustic lens of enhanced wear resistance |
JP6010259B1 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-10-19 | オリンパス株式会社 | 超音波振動子、超音波内視鏡 |
EP3313517B1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2023-06-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Histotripsy therapy systems for the treatment of brain tissue |
CN106597418B (zh) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 河南腾飞高分子复合材料股份有限公司 | 一种声透镜换能器阵列的制作方法 |
KR102031056B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-10-15 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 사용자 맞춤형 음향렌즈를 이용하는 집속 초음파 자극 장치 |
US11813484B2 (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2023-11-14 | Histosonics, Inc. | Histotripsy systems and methods |
US11813485B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 | 2023-11-14 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Systems and methods for histotripsy immunosensitization |
Citations (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
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US4344327B1 (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1994-05-03 | Aloka Co Ltd | Electronic scanning ultrasonic diagnostic system |
JPS5698650A (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1981-08-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Ultrasonic-signal processing device |
FR2477723A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-11 | Cgr Ultrasonic | Sonde d'echographie ultrasonore a lentille acoustique et echographe comportant une telle sonde |
JPS6340974Y2 (US07534539-20090519-C00280.png) * | 1980-04-11 | 1988-10-26 | ||
US4297607A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1981-10-27 | Panametrics, Inc. | Sealed, matched piezoelectric transducer |
JPS5711648A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ultrasonic probe |
US4356731A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1982-11-02 | General Electric Company | Method and means for generating time gain compensation control signal for use in ultrasonic scanner and the like |
-
1980
- 1980-06-27 JP JP8812980A patent/JPS5711648A/ja active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-06-25 GB GB8119579A patent/GB2079102B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-25 DE DE3124979A patent/DE3124979C2/de not_active Expired
- 1981-06-26 US US06/277,816 patent/US4440025A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-06-26 FR FR8112644A patent/FR2485738B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-08-03 US US06/404,917 patent/US4470308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5151181A (US07534539-20090519-C00280.png) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-05-06 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | |
JPS52131675A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1977-11-04 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Probe for ultrasonic diagnostic device |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01130672U (US07534539-20090519-C00280.png) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-05 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2485738B1 (fr) | 1985-06-14 |
GB2079102A (en) | 1982-01-13 |
US4440025A (en) | 1984-04-03 |
GB2079102B (en) | 1984-04-18 |
DE3124979C2 (de) | 1990-05-10 |
DE3124979A1 (de) | 1982-03-11 |
FR2485738A1 (fr) | 1981-12-31 |
JPS5711648A (en) | 1982-01-21 |
US4470308A (en) | 1984-09-11 |
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