JPS6233065B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6233065B2
JPS6233065B2 JP56150496A JP15049681A JPS6233065B2 JP S6233065 B2 JPS6233065 B2 JP S6233065B2 JP 56150496 A JP56150496 A JP 56150496A JP 15049681 A JP15049681 A JP 15049681A JP S6233065 B2 JPS6233065 B2 JP S6233065B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
anvil
horn
output end
gap
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56150496A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPS5787323A (en
Inventor
Ritsuso Mimusu Buruusu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Branson Ultrasonics Corp
Original Assignee
Branson Ultrasonics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Branson Ultrasonics Corp filed Critical Branson Ultrasonics Corp
Publication of JPS5787323A publication Critical patent/JPS5787323A/ja
Publication of JPS6233065B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6233065B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops
    • B29C66/92653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops said stops being adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/932—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by measuring the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed the speed being non-constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B29C66/9392—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. speed diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/954—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8324—Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/944—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は熱可塑性フイルム間を接合するため高
周波振動エネルギーを使用する方法および装置に
関する。より特別には、本発明は互いに重合され
２枚以上の熱可塑性フイルムがホーン（horn）
又は共振子として知られている超音波振動工具と
可動なアンビルサポートに固定されたアンビルと
の間に形成されたギヤツプ又はニツプに供給され
る方法および装置に関する。アンビルとアンビル
サポートは加工片を構成する重合されたフイルム
の下側に押圧され、一方加工片の上面に強く接触
しているホーンはギヤツプ内に拘束された重合さ
れたフイルム表面間にボンド又はシールを形成す
べく加工片に超音波エネルギーを伝達する。加工
片が連続動作でギヤツプを通して供給されるとき
シーム形成作用が得られる。上記形式の装置は例
えば米国特許第2633894号、第3294616号又は第
3666599号に示されている。
スナツク食品領域においてバツグを形成すべく
使用されるような比較的薄いフイルムをシーミン
グするときは、上記先行技術に開示されたような
シーミング装置は全く満足的でないことがわかつ
た。高速度で熱可塑性フイルムをシーミングすべ
く通常の静的荷重を使用した大きな圧縮力は、フ
イルムを停止状態から作用速度に加速する際にし
ばしばフイルムを切断する。さらに、増大しつゝ
ある供給速度で満足的なシームを形成するためシ
ーミング装置へのより大きな動力の要求は、ホー
ン及び又はアンビル構造の望ましくない熱膨張を
生ぜしめる。ホーン構造内への熱分散による付加
的な熱膨張はホーンが長時間振動しているときに
生ずる。そのような熱膨張はホーンと対向するア
ンビル間の重要なギヤツプ寸法を減少し、質の低
下したシームを形成する。同様に望ましくない影
響はホーンとアンビル面の作用摩耗により与えら
れる。
満足的でないシームを形成する付加的な問題
は、フイルムがギヤツプを通して搬送される際の
フイルム厚さに固有な不均一性により生ぜしめら
れるギヤツプ寸法の影響を含む。シーミング作用
中のこのような変動は、もしフイルム厚みが増大
するなら、振動工具によりフイルムを部分的に又
は全体的に切断する。或は、フイルム厚みが減少
するならば、熱可塑性フイルムへの振動エネルギ
ーの伝達を阻み、不十分な溶着を生ぜしめる。
上述した問題は、本発明においてホーンとアン
ビル面の摩耗、ホーンとアンビル構造の熱膨張の
結果としてのギヤツプの変化域はこれらホーンと
アンビルとの位置変化、およびフイルム厚さの変
化および不均一性を補償するようにホーンとアン
ビル手段間のギヤツプを周期的に再セツトするこ
とにより解消される。
本発明によれば、アンビルは可動なアンビルサ
ポートに装着されており、アンビルサポートはギ
ヤツプを増大するようにホーンの面から周期的又
はサイクリツクに引き離され、そしてその直後加
工片の下側に対して小さな調整可能な圧力の下に
押圧されながらほゞ元の位置に復帰され、そして
それから所定時間又は加工片の所定の送りの間上
記位置に堅固にクランプされる。このギヤツプの
開きおよびクランプによる再び閉じられることを
“再ギヤツプ形成”と定義される。周期的な再ギ
ヤツプ形成作用は上記に列挙した種々の変化を補
償し、それ故極めて薄い熱可塑性のフイルムおよ
び通常は得られない厚みの許容誤差をもつフイル
ムの満足的なシーム加工を与える。
それ故、本発明の主要な目的は、超音波エネル
ギーを用いて材料の連続的な接合を行うための改
良された方法と装置とを提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、ギヤツプ寸法に対するホ
ーンの面およびアンビル構造の熱膨張および摩耗
の影響を自動的に補償する超音波シーミング方法
および装置を提供することにある。
本発明のさらに別の目的は、ホーンとアンビル
によつて形成されたギヤツプ内にフイルムを挿入
するのを従来公知の装置よりもより容易にし、か
つ厚みが変化する加工片を処理するためにギヤツ
プ寸法を手動により変える必要性を除いた装置を
提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は添附図面に関連した以下の
記載を参照すれば明らかとなろう。
図面、特に第１および第２図を参照すると、そ
こには電気音響変換器１４を支持している固定サ
ポート２２が示されている。変換器１４は中間ホ
ーン１６に接続され、中間ホーンは工具又はホー
ン１８に接続されている。ホーン１８は変換器１
４からホーン１６を介して機械的振動を受け、振
動を増巾された大きさでその先端面或は出力面に
与える。ホーン１８は円筒横断面の段階付ホーン
であり（米国再発行特許第25033号参照）、その長
手軸に沿つて共振されるようになつている。ホー
ン１８はその先端面が長手方向運動のほゞ中間
（antinodal）領域に配置されるように寸法づけら
れる。展型的には、トランジユーサーアツセンブ
リ（変換器；中間ホーンおよびホーン）は所定の
周波数、例えば40KHzで機械的に共振し、ピー
クからピークまでの振幅の大きさがホーン１８の
出力面（出力端）で最大（0.006インチ）となる
ように寸法づけられる。本発明ではホーンの振幅
の大きさは供給速度に比例して変えられる。上述
したトランジユーサーアツセンブリはほんの例示
であつて限定的なものではなく、特定の周波数で
所望大きさの振動大きさを形成するトランジユー
サーアツセンブリおよびホーンは当業者に周知で
ある。
超音波エネルギーを受けたフイルムの適当なシ
ーミングは、フイルム速度或は供給速度とともに
ホーンの速度が変えられる場合にのみ得られる
（第６図）。フイルム速度センサ１０がパワーコン
トロール装置１７に接続されており、該装置１７
は電気的なゼネレータ２４に電気的に接続されて
いる。センサーはフイルム供給速度を連続的にモ
ニターしてパワーコントロール装置１７をしてゼ
ネレーター２４により変換器１４に供給されるパ
ワーを検出されたフイルム速度に比例するように
調節する。フイルム速度に比例してパワーに関連
したホーン速度（振幅の大きさ）を変えるための
電気回路制御手段は、例えば米国特許第3666599
号に示されている。
第３図を参照すると、ホーン１８の先端或は出
力面は、例えば鋼製の固定ホイールに対向して装
着されている。このホイールはロツクねじ１３或
は同様な固定手段により回転できないアンビルを
形成している（第４′図）。アンビル１２はフイル
ムを係合する２つの球形突面を与えるように機械
加工された単一のブロツク材より形成される。
1.3cm（0.5インチ）の球半径が満足的なアンビル
をつくることがわかつた。環状溝１２ａ（第５
図）はフイルムを係合する面の間に配置される。
再び第１および第２図を参照すると、アンビル
１２はビーム形状をした可動なアンビルサポート
１５に固定され、該サポートはシヤフト１１によ
り固定サポート２２に枢着されている。それゆ
え、アンビル１２はホーン１８の先端面に接近離
反するように制限されたほゞ長手方向の移動を行
うことができる。
アンビルと加工片をホーンの平らな先端面に対
し押圧する小さな調節可能な力を加えるための手
段が設けられている。本実施例では、上端がアン
ビルサポート１５の凹所に係合しかつたねじ１９
と係合しているばね２０がねじ位置に応じてその
ような調節可能な力を与える。ばねの上向き力は
重要ではないが、満足的な結果は50〜600グラム
の範囲の力を得られた。
アンビルサポート１５にはまたプランジヤー２
３ａと接触するピン２１が連結されている。プラ
ンジヤー２３ａは固定サポート２２内に適当に配
置された流体作動シリンダおよびピストンアツセ
ンブリ２３の部分からなり得る。ピン２１の上端
はねじ２５によりアンビルサポート１５に剛着さ
れている。プランジヤー２３ａが伸長されるとア
ンビルサポート１５とアンビル１２をホーンの面
に対して固定位置に維持し、それによつてフイル
ムがホーンの先端面を通して搬送される際に超音
波エネルギーが与えられる所定の時間或はシーミ
ングサイクルの間ギヤツプを限定する。プランジ
ヤー２３ａは所定のサイクルの終端でピン２１と
のクランプ接触から引離される。
固定サポート２２内にはまたピストン２９を含
む通常デザインの空気圧シリンダー２７のごとき
起動手段が設けられ、ピストン２９はアンビルサ
ポート１５、それ故アンビル１２を変位できるよ
うになつている。アンビルサポート１５の変位は
プランジヤー２３ａがピン２１から外れたときに
起る。アンビルサポート１５の下方への変位は固
定サポート２２と螺合した調節可能なねじ２８に
より制限される。
アツセンブリ２３とシリンダー２７の双方には
ギヤツプコントロール３１が接続されている。ギ
ヤツプコントロール３１は所定サイクルの始めと
終りでプランジヤー２３ａおよびピストン２９の
運動を調和させるためのタイマー或は他の適切な
手段を含む。
上記装置の作用は第２図を参照してより明らか
にされよう。所定の時間間隔又はシーミングサイ
クルの始めにおいて、プランジヤー２３ａはピン
２１から離脱されており、空気圧シリンダー２７
ａピストン２９は可動なアンビルサポート１５を
係合すべく前方へ駆動され、それによつてアンビ
ル１２をねじ２８によつて制限されるようにホー
ン１８の出力面から遠ざかるように移動する。ア
ンビルサポート１５は同時に調節可能なばね２０
を圧縮する。接合されるべき２枚以上の熱可塑性
フイルムがアンビルとホーンとの間に形成された
ギヤツプ内に供給される。このときコンベヤ方向
のフイルムの移動が停止される。ギヤツプコント
ロール３１がシリンダー２７をしてピストン２９
を後退せしめ、これによりアンビルサポート１５
を自由にしてばね２０をしてアンビル１２と加工
片とをホーン１８の出力面に対し押圧せしめる。
このときコントロール３１によつてトリガーされ
た縮流体がプランジヤー２３ａを押圧してピン２
１を係合しそれによつて可動なアンビル１２の面
をホーンの面に関して固定位置にロツク或はクラ
ンプする。これによつて形成されたギヤツプ（ニ
ツプ）は接合されるべきフイルムの厚さにされ
る。
アンビル１２を固定位置にクランプした後に、
パワーコントロール１７が作動されてゼネレータ
ー２４がホーンを高周波振動エネルギー（展型的
には40KHz）を以て駆動するように変換器１４
に電気的エネルギーを与える。当初、材料が静止
状態にあるときは、ホーンは第６図にみられるよ
うに極めて低い振幅（始動値）で振動する。変換
器１４の最初の高周波励起の後、ギヤツプを通し
てのフイルムの搬送がスタートされる。パワーコ
ントロール１７へ制御信号を与えるセンサー１０
の出力に応答してホーンの振動振幅は、アンビル
と共振しているホーンの先端面との間のニツプを
通過するフイルムの増大している速度とともに増
大し、フイルムが接合される。
0.05mm（0.002インチ）厚さの高密度ポリエチ
レン又はポリプロピレンフイルムが加工されると
きは、展型的なフイルム送給速度は１分間当り54
ｍ（180フイート）である。満足的な接合を得る
ために、ホーン又は振子の速度又は振幅はフイル
ムの速度にほゞ直接的に比例して変えられる。所
定の時間間隔又は送給量（その理論的最大値はホ
ーンおよびアンビルの熱膨張および摩耗の速度に
より指示されるがその実際的なリミツトは展型的
にはプラスチツク袋の長さにより指示される。）
の終端でギヤツプを通つて搬送されるフイルムの
速度はゼロにされる。ゼロの速度でホーンは極め
て小さい振幅で振動され、そしてそれはゼロにさ
れる。ギヤツプコントロール３１の作用に応答し
てプランジヤー２３ａがピン２１から後退されピ
ストン２９がアンビル１２をホーンと加工片から
遠ざけるように移動すべく伸長される。次のステ
ツプのギヤツプの設定は接合されるべき加工片フ
イルムの厚み寸法の変化に加えて超音波部材の熱
膨張および摩耗を自動的に補償する。本発明装置
はフイルムの溶融速度に実質的改良を与える一方
結果的な超音波接合の一体性を強める。
上記実施例では40KHzの周波数値が述べられ
たが、当業者には20KHz〜80KHzの範囲の他の
超音波周波数が使用できることは明らかであり、
上記数値には限定の意図はない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は本発明を表わす線図、第２図は本発明
の好適な実施例の断面図で可動アンビルにより支
持された重合熱可塑性フイルムの送給を示す図、
第３図は第２図の線３−３に沿う断面図、第４図
はアンビル手段の部分断面図、第５図は第４図の
線５−５に沿うアンビル手段の拡大断面図、第６
図はニツプを通るフイルム速度とホーンの振幅と
の関係を示す図である。 １２……アンビル、１４……電気音響変換器、
１５……アンビルサポート、１８……ホーン、２
２……固定サポート、３１……ギヤツプコントロ
ール。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １ 超音波エネルギによつて熱可塑性フイルムを
    接合する方法であつて、駆動されたとき超音波周
    波数で振動するホーンと対向せるアンビルとを用
    意しそれによつて接合されるべきフイルムが搬送
    通過できるニツプを形成し前記ホーンからフイル
    ムへの超音波エネルギーの伝達に応答してフイル
    ムが接合されるようにすること、前記ホーンとア
    ンビルとの位置変化および接合されるべきフイル
    ムの厚み変化を補償すべく前記ニツプを形成して
    いるホーンとアンビル間のギヤツプを調整するた
    め一旦前記アンビルの固定状態をゆるめて該アン
    ビルを前記ホーンに向けて所定の力で押圧するこ
    とにより前記ホーンに対する前記アンビルの位置
    を周期的に再設定すること、前記ホーンに対する
    前記アンビルの位置をクランプすることにより前
    記周期的な再設定間で前記ギヤツプをほゞ一定に
    維持することからなる熱可塑性フイルムの接合方
    法。 ２ 前記アンビル位置の周期的な再設定は所定時
    間の後になされる第１項の方法。 ３ 前記アンビル位置の周期的な再設定は前記ニ
    ツプを通して所定量のフイルムが搬送された後に
    なされる第１項の方法。 ４ 前記周期的な再設定は前記ホーンが実質的に
    非駆動状態にあるときなされる第１項の方法。 ５ 前記周期的な再設定はフイルムが静止状態に
    あるときなされる第１項の方法。 ６ 加えられた電気エネルギーに応答して機械的
    な高周波振動を形成する電気音響変換器と、前記
    変換器に組合わせられ、入力端に前記振動を受け
    るとともに反対側出力端で接触している材料に前
    記振動を与えるホーンと、該ホーンの出力端に対
    向配置された可動なアンビル手段であつてそれを
    通して接合されるべき熱可塑性材料が搬送されか
    つ該材料が前記ホーンに押付けられている間前記
    出力端から材料への超音波エネルギーの伝達に応
    じて接合されるニツプを前記ホーンとともに形成
    するアンビル手段と、該アンビル手段に組合わせ
    られ該アンビル手段をホーンの出力端と接触する
    方向に移動させるべく所定の力で押圧する押圧手
    段と、前記アンビル手段に組合わせられ起動され
    たとき前記押圧手段による押圧方向とは反対方向
    のアンビル手段の移動を生ぜしめる起動手段と、
    前記出力端の位置と前記押圧手段による押圧力と
    前記ニツプ内に配置された材料の厚みとに応じて
    前記出力端とアンビル手段との間に所定大きさの
    ギヤツプを維持すべく前記アンビル手段を前記出
    力端に対して固定位置にクランプすべく配置され
    たクランプ手段と、前記起動手段とクランプ手段
    とに組合わせられて該両手段を周期的に作動しそ
    れによつて前記アンビル手段が最初に前記起動手
    段により起動され次に該起動手段が消勢されたと
    き前記押圧手段により押圧されるように該アンビ
    ル手段のクランプを一旦ゆるめ、つづいて該アン
    ビル手段を再び前記クランプ手段によりクランプ
    し、これによつて前記ホーンとアンビルとの位置
    変化および接合されるべきフイルムの厚み変化を
    補償すべく前記ギヤツプを周期的に再設定すると
    ともに該設定されたギヤツプを所定時間維持する
    制御手段とからなる超音波接合装置。 ７ 前記変換器をアンビル手段に対し固定関係に
    装置するサポート手段を備えた第６項の装置。 ８ 前記変換器に加えられる電気エネルギーをコ
    ントロールするパワーコントロールを含む第６項
    の装置。 ９ 前記ニツプを通して搬送される材料の速度を
    検出して前記パワーコントロールに速度応答信号
    を与える速度センサを含む第８項の装置。 １０ 前記パワーコントロールは前記ニツプを通
    して搬送される材料の増大された速度とともに前
    記ホーンの振動振幅を増大せしめる第８項の装
    置。 １１ 前記可動なアンビル手段は前記ホーンの出
    力端に対向せる一端にアンビルを設けられかつそ
    の他端は前記出力端に向け或は離れるように制限
    された枢動ができるように固定サポートに取付け
    られている第６項の装置。 １２ 前記アンビルは前記出力端に対向配置され
    た少くとも一つの静止球面を有する第１１項の装
    置。 １３ 前記押圧手段は前記ビームと前記サポート
    との間に配置されたばねと該ばねによる力を調節
    する手段とからなる第１１項の装置。 １４ 前記起動手段は流体的に駆動される第６項
    の装置。 １５ 前記クランプ手段は前記可動なアンビル手
    段に接続されたピンと該ピンを前記ホーンの出力
    端に対し固定位置にロツクするため前記コントロ
    ール手段により制御される起動手段とを含む第６
    項の装置。
JP56150496A 1980-09-22 1981-09-22 Method and apparatus for joining thermoplastic film Granted JPS5787323A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/189,344 US4313778A (en) 1980-09-22 1980-09-22 Ultrasonic seaming apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5787323A JPS5787323A (en) 1982-05-31
JPS6233065B2 true JPS6233065B2 (ja) 1987-07-18

Family

ID=22696905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56150496A Granted JPS5787323A (en) 1980-09-22 1981-09-22 Method and apparatus for joining thermoplastic film

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4313778A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5787323A (ja)
CA (1) CA1170156A (ja)
DE (1) DE3130128A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2490543B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB2084920B (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2490543B1 (fr) 1985-07-26
GB2084920B (en) 1984-02-01
GB2084920A (en) 1982-04-21
JPS5787323A (en) 1982-05-31
CA1170156A (en) 1984-07-03
DE3130128A1 (de) 1982-04-22
US4313778A (en) 1982-02-02
FR2490543A1 (fr) 1982-03-26

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