JPH11509893A - 金属本体を備えた製品 - Google Patents
金属本体を備えた製品Info
- Publication number
- JPH11509893A JPH11509893A JP9507075A JP50707597A JPH11509893A JP H11509893 A JPH11509893 A JP H11509893A JP 9507075 A JP9507075 A JP 9507075A JP 50707597 A JP50707597 A JP 50707597A JP H11509893 A JPH11509893 A JP H11509893A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- enclosure
- passage
- product
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/06—Cooling passages of turbine components, e.g. unblocking or preventing blocking of cooling passages of turbine components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.a)金属本体(4)を備え、 b)この本体(4)がその内部に設けられた少なくとも一つの縦通路(6)およ びこの縦通路(6)から分岐しそれぞれ本体(4)にある出口開口(14)に通 じている多数の横通路(8)を有し、 c)本体(4)の外側に直接金属囲い層(10)が設けられ、 d)本体(4)における縦通路(6)および横通路(8)の壁を覆う濃縮層(1 2)が設けられ、これによって冷却媒体(A)が貫流するための被覆済みの冷却 用縦通路(6a)およびこの縦通路(6a)から分岐された冷却用横通路(8a )が形成され、その濃縮層(12)がそれぞれの出口開口(14)で追加的に囲 い層(10)の僅かな部分(16)を覆っている 製品(2)。 2.囲い層(10)がMCrAlY合金から成り、特に180μm〜300μm の厚さを有している請求項1記載の製品(2)。 3.濃縮層(12)が30μm〜100μmの厚さを有している請求項1又は2 記載の製品(2)。 4.濃縮層(12)が拡散層である請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の製 品(2)。 5.濃縮層(12)が主要成分としてアルミニウムおよび/又はクロム、好適に はアルミニウムだけを含んでいる請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の製品 (2)。 6.囲い層(10)の外側を覆い且つ各出口開口(14)において囲い層(10 )の僅かな部分(16)における濃縮層(12)も覆っているセラミック断熱層 ( 20)を備えている請求項1ないし5のいずれか1つに記載の製品(2)。 7.断熱層(20)が100μm〜500μm、好適には200μm〜300μ mの厚さを有している請求項6記載の製品(2)。 8.ガスタービン構成要素(2)、特に翼(2)として形成されている請求項1 ないし7のいずれか1つに記載の製品(2)。 9.以下の工程 a)内部に設けられた少なくとも一つの縦通路(6)を備えた本体(4)に金属 囲い層(10)が設けられ(工程34)、 b)本体にこの本体(4)および囲い層(10)を貫通して縦通路(6)まで達 する横通路(8)が穿孔され(工程36)、 c)本体(4)における縦通路(6)および横通路(8)の壁におよび横通路( 8)の出口開口(14)における囲い層(10)の僅かな部分(16)に濃縮層 (12)が設けられ(工程38)、 d)囲い層(10)および濃縮層(12)を備えた本体(4)が熱処理され、 e)囲い層(10)が仕上げ削り加工される(工程42)、 を以上の順序で有する製品(2)の製造方法。 10.以下の工程 a)内部に設けられた少なくとも一つの縦通路(6)を備えた本体(4)に金属 囲い層(10)が設けられ(工程34)、 b)本体にこの本体(4)および囲い層(10)を貫通して縦通路(6)まで達 する横通路(8)が穿孔され(工程36)、 c)本体(4)における縦通路(6)および横通路(8)の壁におよび横通路( 8)の出口開口(14)における囲い層(10)の僅かな部分(16)上に濃縮 層(12)が設けられ(工程38)、 d)囲い層(10)が仕上げ削り加工され(工程44)、 e)囲い層(10)にセラミック断熱層(20)が設けられ(工程46)、 f)囲い層(10)、濃縮層(12)およびセラミック断熱層(20)を備えた 本体(4)が熱処理される、 を以上の順序で有する製品(2)の製造方法。 11.断熱層(20)が大気プラズマ溶射法(APS)あるいは物理蒸着法(P VD)によって施される(工程46)請求項10記載の方法。 12.囲い層(10)が低圧プラズマ溶射法(LPPS)あるいは真空プラズマ 溶射法(VPS)によって施される(工程34)請求項9ないし11のいずれか 1つに記載の方法。 13.濃縮層(12)を設置するために元素のアルミニウムおよびクロムの少な くとも一つ特にアルミニウムが蒸着および拡散される請求項9ないし12のいず れか1つに記載の方法。 14.横通路(8)がレーザーボーリング法、電解加工(ECM)あるいは放電 加工(EDM)により穿孔される請求項9ないし13のいずれか1つに記載の方 法。 15.固溶化および/又は硬化のための熱処理(40、48)が行われる請求項 9ないし14のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19527149.1 | 1995-07-25 | ||
DE19527149 | 1995-07-25 | ||
PCT/DE1996/001207 WO1997005299A1 (de) | 1995-07-25 | 1996-07-05 | Erzeugnis mit einem metallischen grundkörper mit kühlkanälen und dessen herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11509893A true JPH11509893A (ja) | 1999-08-31 |
JP3571052B2 JP3571052B2 (ja) | 2004-09-29 |
Family
ID=7767740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP50707597A Expired - Lifetime JP3571052B2 (ja) | 1995-07-25 | 1996-07-05 | 金属本体を備えた製品 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5967755A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0840809B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3571052B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE59601728D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2132927T3 (ja) |
IN (1) | IN187769B (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2168558C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997005299A1 (ja) |
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JP2991991B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-12-20 | トーカロ株式会社 | 耐高温環境用溶射被覆部材およびその製造方法 |
DE19737845C2 (de) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-12-02 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gasturbinenschaufel, sowie nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Gasturbinenschaufel |
DE59802893D1 (de) * | 1998-03-23 | 2002-03-14 | Alstom | Nichtkreisförmige Kühlbohrung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
DE59904234D1 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 2003-03-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur innenbearbeitung eines hohlen bauteils |
US6296447B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2001-10-02 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine component having location-dependent protective coatings thereon |
US6332926B1 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-12-25 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for selectively coating internal and external surfaces of an airfoil |
US6283714B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2001-09-04 | General Electric Company | Protection of internal and external surfaces of gas turbine airfoils |
US6670046B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-12-30 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Thermal barrier coating system for turbine components |
US6375425B1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2002-04-23 | General Electric Company | Transpiration cooling in thermal barrier coating |
DE102005060243A1 (de) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-21 | Man Turbo Ag | Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Schaufel und Schaufel einer Gasturbine |
US8257600B2 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2012-09-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Printed masking process |
US20120148769A1 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-14 | General Electric Company | Method of fabricating a component using a two-layer structural coating |
US20120243995A1 (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-27 | General Electric Company | Components with cooling channels formed in coating and methods of manufacture |
DE102011103731A1 (de) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-06 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht, mit einer Schutzschicht beschichtetes Bauteil und Gasturbine mit einem solchen Bauteil |
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US11821337B1 (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-11-21 | Rtx Corporation | Internal aluminide coating for vanes and blades and method of manufacture |
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DE4103994A1 (de) * | 1991-02-11 | 1992-08-13 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Schutzueberzug vom typ metall-keramik fuer einzelteile aus hitzebestaendigen legierungen |
DE4119967C1 (ja) * | 1991-06-18 | 1992-09-17 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | |
US5236745A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-08-17 | General Electric Company | Method for increasing the cyclic spallation life of a thermal barrier coating |
EP0572150A3 (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-29 | General Electric Company | Chemical vapour-deposition of aluminide coatings |
DE4226272C1 (de) * | 1992-08-08 | 1994-02-10 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Behandlung von MCrAlZ-Schichten und mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Bauteile |
GB9218858D0 (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1992-10-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | High temperature corrosion resistant composite coatings |
DE4310896C1 (de) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-03-24 | Thyssen Industrie | Verfahren zum Herstellen von verschleißfesten Kanten an Turbinenschaufeln |
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 DE DE59601728T patent/DE59601728D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 RU RU98103268/02A patent/RU2168558C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-05 ES ES96922744T patent/ES2132927T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 EP EP96922744A patent/EP0840809B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 WO PCT/DE1996/001207 patent/WO1997005299A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-05 JP JP50707597A patent/JP3571052B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 IN IN1326CA1996 patent/IN187769B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-26 US US09/013,294 patent/US5967755A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-04-29 US US09/301,969 patent/US6156133A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IN187769B (ja) | 2002-06-22 |
US6156133A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
WO1997005299A1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
JP3571052B2 (ja) | 2004-09-29 |
EP0840809B1 (de) | 1999-04-21 |
RU2168558C2 (ru) | 2001-06-10 |
US5967755A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
EP0840809A1 (de) | 1998-05-13 |
ES2132927T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
DE59601728D1 (de) | 1999-05-27 |
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