JPH10159201A - Ventilation structure of solar battery module parallelly provided at rear and ventilation structure of building provided therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To profit solar heat which a solar battery array absorbs (not converted into electric power) for reducing indoor cooling and heating load. SOLUTION: A solar battery array 2 is constituted by mounting and fixing a plurality of solar battery modules 2a, 2a... on muntins 41, 41, 42, 42 and horizontal muntins 43, 44, 45... fixed on the roof face of a solar system building 1. An array rear ventilation layer A is provided between the solar battery array 2 and the roof face and outdoor cool air is flowed in. At day time in winter the solar battery array 2 gives absorbed solar heat to the air flowing in the array rear ventilation layer A. After the air heated by the solar battery array 2 is collected in a fan air supply opening Hc provided on the roof face of a ridge side, it is forcibly introduced from the ridge side to a cabin rear by a blower set in the cabin rear, and supplied to each dwelling room and a space under the floor through each in-wall ventilation space C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation structure behind a solar cell module juxtaposition body constituted by laying a large number of solar cell modules on a roof surface and a ventilation structure of a building having the structure. The present invention relates to a ventilation structure behind a solar cell module juxtaposition body for actively utilizing solar heat and a ventilation structure of a building provided with the structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, along with the worsening of global environmental problems and energy depletion problems due to increased consumption of fossil fuels, etc., panel-shaped solar cell modules have been installed on roofs of houses and the like, and clean solar cells have been installed. A solar power generation system for homes that extracts electricity directly from energy and supplies it to homes, and a solar heating system for homes that also installs heat collection panels on the roof and uses solar heat energy as a heat source for heating and other purposes Solar systems, such as systems, are receiving attention. As a system that uses the heat energy of the sun for heating a house, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-42265, a colored iron plate is installed on a roof, and the inside of a ridge is provided inside. A heat collection box surrounded by a heat insulating layer is provided, and a space serving as an air flow path is provided directly below the roof plate to communicate with the heat collection box, and the air heated by the heat energy of the sun captured by the roof portion is provided. A solar system has been proposed in which air is forcibly blown from the above-mentioned heat collecting box to a space under the floor of a house through a duct. In addition, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-5174.
At the same time as converting the light energy of the sun into electric power using a solar cell and using it as described in JP 9
An air-flow space is provided on the back side of the solar cell for the heat energy of the sun, and heat is exchanged through the air-flow space to collect heat and use a light-heat hybrid collector that utilizes the heat energy of the sun. Solar systems have been proposed. When installing the above-mentioned light / heat hybrid collector or the like on the roof surface of a house, for example, as shown in FIG.
The light / heat hybrid collectors 101, 101,... Are fixed to the roof surface using the mounting frames 102, 102, and so on, and heat exchange between the light / heat hybrid collectors 101, 101,. The ventilation layer is formed for each of the light / heat hybrid collectors 101, 101,... Then, outside air was taken in from the eaves side, and air warmed by heat exchange was taken into the back of the hut through vents H1, H1,... Provided on the roof side of the ridge side, and then attached to the back side of the roof. The configuration is such that the sheets are collected by the header duct 103 and sent to a living room or the like.

[0003]

However, in the solar system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-42265, air collected on the roof surface is concentrated by a header duct provided on the attic and then heated. In order to transport air to the underfloor space, many duct members are required,
There was a drawback that it took time and effort for construction. Further, the light / heat hybrid collector disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 6-51749 has a poor heat exchange efficiency because it relies on natural ventilation, and also requires a header duct in this case.
When mounting on a roof surface, there is a problem that the construction method is complicated due to waterproofing and heat insulation.

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and reduces the indoor cooling and heating load by using solar energy obtained by a solar cell module installed on a roof surface, and further employs a duct or the like to be used. Air that has been heated by solar heat can be conveyed indoors and under the floor, and heat can be exchanged efficiently. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation structure at the back of a solar cell module juxtaposed body and a ventilation structure of a building provided with the structure.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a mounting frame for mounting a solar cell module comprising a vertical rail and a horizontal rail is vertically and horizontally arranged on a roof surface of a building. A plurality of solar cell modules are fixed vertically and horizontally on the mounting base to form a solar cell module juxtaposed body, and a solar cell module is provided between the solar cell module juxtaposed body and the roof surface. A ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposition body provided with a cooling ventilation layer, wherein external air flows into the ventilation layer from an air intake opening, and proceeds through the ventilation layer to It is structured to be sent into the building from a ventilation hole provided at an arbitrary location on the roof surface, and the ventilation layer is configured such that the amount of air passing under each of the solar cell modules is reduced, Any one solar cell module Except under the solar cell module if provided under Yuru, it is characterized in that there is a structure to be substantially equal to each other.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure at the back of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to the first aspect,
On the mounting base, in addition to the solar cell module, a light-absorbing heat collecting panel for extracting heat energy from sunlight or a transparent panel that transmits at least infrared rays and far infrared rays of sunlight are also mounted. It is characterized in that the solar cell module juxtaposed body is configured to be fixed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to the first or second aspect, wherein the solar cell module has a heat energy from sunlight on its back side. Characterized in that a heat collecting panel for taking out the heat is adhered.

[0008] The invention described in claim 4 is based on claim 1,
4. The ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposition body according to 2 or 3, wherein air passes most except under the solar cell module when the ventilation hole is provided under any one of the solar cell modules. Assuming that the amount of air passing under any one of the solar cell modules that is easy to pass is X, and the amount of air passing under any one of the solar cell modules that is least likely to pass is Y, The air volume is Y /
It is characterized in that the structure is such that X> 0.8.

[0009] The invention according to claim 5 is based on claim 1,
5. The ventilation structure behind a solar cell module juxtaposition body according to 2, 3, or 4, wherein an amount of air passing under each of the solar cell modules is such that air passes through the vertical or horizontal rails constituting the mounting base. A passage opening is provided, and the size of the opening is adjusted by adjusting the size of the opening.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure at the back of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to the fifth aspect,
At least one of the openings for air passage is characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the opening can be adjusted.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposition body according to any one of the second to sixth aspects, wherein the heat collecting panel or the transparent panel is provided with the solar panel. It is characterized in that it is attached to the downstream side of the ventilation layer from the battery module.

The invention according to claim 8 is the ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the transparent panel has a skylight for indoor lighting. The feature is that it also serves.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the building is provided from the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module. A ventilation structure of a building for ventilating inside, wherein the building is in communication with the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module and any room or underfloor space through the ventilation hole and any in-wall space. It is characterized by having.

Further, the invention according to claim 10 is the ventilation structure of a building provided with the ventilation structure at the back of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to claim 9, wherein the building has the ventilation hole through the ventilation hole. A ventilation fan device for forcibly ventilating the inside of the ventilation layer is provided.

[0015]

According to the structure of the present invention, for example, during the daytime in winter or the like, the solar cell module juxtaposition constituted by arranging a plurality of solar cell modules on the roof surface of a building absorbs solar heat and adds heat. The air in the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell modules to be heated is collected in the ventilation holes, flows into the building, and is used for heating the building. Therefore, the heating load of the whole building can be reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, since the air in the ventilation layer to be heated is concentrated in the ventilation holes provided at one location on the roof surface, there is no need to provide a header duct or the like on the attic side. Therefore, the number of members and the number of construction steps can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened. In addition, during the nighttime in summer, the solar cell module juxtaposition is cooled by radiant cooling, and the cooled air is supplied into the building, so that the cooling load of the entire building can be reduced and the power consumption can be reduced. Reduction can be achieved. Further, when the solar cell module is provided on the ventilation hole, the amount of air passing through the ventilation layer below each solar cell module except for the solar cell module can be set to be substantially equal. Therefore, each solar cell module can be cooled substantially uniformly, and heat exchange can be performed efficiently.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The description will be specifically made using an embodiment. First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially cut away, showing a ventilation structure behind a solar cell module juxtaposed body (hereinafter, referred to as a solar cell array) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a solar system building provided with a ventilation structure behind the solar cell array, showing a passage for ventilation, and FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing the solar system building in an exploded manner. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a part of the solar system building in an exploded and partially cutaway manner, and FIG.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 1, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. 1, and FIG. Called a ventilation layer)
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of a blower applied to the solar system building. In the ventilation structure behind the solar cell array in this example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, a solar cell array 2 configured by laying a plurality of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. It is embodied in the solar system building 1.
As shown in the figure, the solar system building 1 is a two-story detached unit building, and the building units 11, 12, ..., which constitute each living room part such as a living room, a dining room, a bedroom, etc. of the building.
And a roof unit 13 constituting a roof portion of the building. These units are produced in advance in a factory, transported to a construction site, and constructed and assembled in order to increase the industrial production rate of the building.

Here, an array back ventilation layer A is provided on the back of the solar cell array 2, and the array back ventilation layer A and the hut back 16 of the solar system building 1 are connected to one roof provided on the roof surface, which will be described later. It is communicated through the fan inlet. Further, on the back of the hut 16, there is provided a blower 3 for forcibly introducing the air that has exchanged heat with the solar cell array 2 from the array back ventilation layer A into the building. First, the building units 11, 11,... Are installed on the foundation B and connected to each other to form a lower floor portion of the building including the living rooms 11a, 11a,. Are stacked and connected to each other to form a living room 12.
a, 12a,... and the like, and the roof unit 13 is installed and connected to the upper part of the upper floor part. Where, for example,
The living room 11a has two U-shaped building units 11,
11 are joined and formed on the side having no wall. Further, inter-unit gaps 14 such as between the building units used in the assembly are left, and the building units 11, 11,.
An underfloor space 15 is formed between the base and the base B.

As shown in FIG. 5, each building unit 11 (12) is provided along three side edges of a floor panel 111 (121) along wall panels 112 (122), 112 (122),
... are erected on the wall, and square wooden pillars 113 (123), 113 (12
3), ... are arranged. Floor panel 111 (121)
Are joists (short joists) 111a (121a), 111a
(121a),... Perpendicular to (a) and (b), the end joists (long joists) 111b (121b), 111
b (121b) is nailed to form a square frame,
An unillustrated floor surface material such as a structural plywood or a particle board is attached to the upper surface of the floor framework to form a floor surface. Each wall panel 112 (122) has a vertical frame 112
a (122a), 112a (122a),... at the upper and lower ends of the upper and lower frames 112b (122b) and 112c (122c), respectively.
Are respectively nailed to form a wall frame, and wall materials 112d (122d) and 112d (122) such as gypsum board and hard wood chip cement plate are provided on both inner and outer surfaces of the wall frame.
d) is attached to form a bearing wall. These wall materials 112d (122d), 112d (122d),.
The exterior surface of each has interior and exterior finishes.

Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper frame 112b (122b) of each wall panel 112 (122) facing another building unit and the upper floor building unit 12 are used as partition walls. In the lower frame 122c,
Adjacent vertical frames 112a (122a), 112a (122
a, notches K1, K1,..., K2, K2,. Then, each wall panel 112 (1
22) Inner wall framework and inner and outer wall materials 112d
In the space partitioned by (122d) and 112d (122d), a predetermined area is used as the in-wall ventilation space C, and the other area is loaded with a heat insulating material such as glass wool as needed. Further, the in-wall ventilation space C of the building unit 11 on the lower floor communicates with the underfloor space 15 by omitting the attachment of the wall material inside the wall panel 112 at the lower part. The air supply ports Hb, Hb for supplying the air sent through the in-wall ventilation space C to the interior of the wall panel of the building units 11, 12, ..., on the side where the in-wall ventilation space C is provided. , ... are provided. Each of the air supply ports Hb is provided with an electric open / close damper that can be freely opened and closed.

Each of the wall panels 112 on the side facing the outdoor
(122) Inner wall frame and inner and outer wall materials 11
The space partitioned by 2d (122d) and 112d (122d) is entirely filled with a heat insulating material without being used as an in-wall ventilation space in order to enhance the heat insulating effect. In addition, after covering the vicinity of the upper end surface of the upper frame 112b of the upper frame 112b of the lower floor building unit 11 where each ventilation notch K1 is provided with an airtight material such as butyl rubber, the upper floor of the lower floor building unit 11 is overlaid. By mounting and joining the building units 12, the air flowing through the in-wall ventilation space C is prevented from leaking from the gap generated at the joint portion of this unit.
In addition, the roof unit 13 is placed on the building unit 12 on the upper floor.
The same procedure is performed when the pieces are placed and joined. The wooden pillar 113 (123) is connected to the wall panel 112 (12).
2), 112 (122), the outermost vertical frame 112a (12).
2a) and a bolt. The floor panel 11
1 (121), each joist 111a (121)
For example, JAS size type 206 material is used for a) and 111b (121b). The wall panel 112 (1
For the vertical frame 112a (122a), the upper frame 112b (122b), and the lower frame 112c (122c) which are the constituent materials of 22), for example, 204 materials and 206 materials are used. Also,
For the wooden pillar 113 (123), for example, 404 material is suitably used.

An underfloor heat storage material 15a such as crushed stone is laid in the underfloor space 15, and the underfloor heat storage material 15a stores heat together with the concrete forming the inner wall, and the underfloor space 15 functions as a heat storage tank. In addition, the base B is provided with an underfloor vent hole Ha provided with an electric open / close damper that can be freely opened and closed.

The roof unit 13 is a gable roof unit, and ridge side roof units 13a, 13c,
And a plurality of eaves-side roof units 13b, 13d,... Are connected to each other.
The solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... Are installed on the roof units 3a, 13a and the eaves side roof units 13b, 13b. Each ridge side roof unit 13a, 13c is 1
Roof panels 131, a pair of wife trusses 132, 132 supporting both ends of the roof panel 131, and small wife wall panels 133, 133 attached to each wife truss 132
And purlins 134, connecting beams 135, and roof beams 136, 13
6 and 6. Here, roof beam 1 on the ridge side
Notch K1 for ventilation provided in the upper frame of the wall panel on the upper floor of 36
Is provided with a notch K3 for ventilation. In addition, each eaves roof unit 13b, 13d is 1
It is roughly composed of one roof panel, a pair of wife trusses supporting both ends of the roof panel, a small wife wall panel attached to each wife truss, a connecting beam, and a roof beam. .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the roof panel 131 is provided on a roof interior material 137 having a predetermined rigidity with a heat insulating material 138 made of high heat insulating styrene or the like interposed therebetween, such as a structural plywood or a particle board. Field board (roof base material) 1
39, a waterproof sheet 140 such as asphalt roofing is laid on the upper surface thereof, and a non-combustible covering material 141 such as a polyvinyl chloride steel plate (polyvinyl chloride metal laminate) is adhered on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet. ing. On the upper surface of the non-combustible coating material 141, that is, immediately below the solar cell array 2, a heat collecting plate 142 coated with a selective absorption film of carbon or the like having a characteristic of selectively absorbing light in the wavelength region of sunlight. It is pasted. This selective absorption film has high solar heat absorption efficiency (for example, absorption rate α =
0.91 to 0.94) and a material having a low emissivity (for example, emissivity ε = 0.09 to 0.12). In addition,
A large number of V-shaped grooves are provided in the surface of the heat collecting plate 142 in parallel with the direction of inclination of the roof so that solar heat can be efficiently absorbed.

On the other hand, a roof finishing material such as a slate is provided on the roof surface of each of the northern ridge side roof units 13c and 13d on which the solar cell module 2a is not mounted. Also, in the vicinity of the ridge of the roof panel of the ridge side roof unit 13a on the south side, among the installed solar cell modules 2a, 2a, ..., just below the most ridge side solar cell module 2a in the center row, Fan air inlet H for communication between array back ventilation layer A and hut back 16
c is penetrated. Further, of the two southern building-side roof units 13a, 13a, an exhaust port Hd for discharging the air of the array back ventilation layer A to the outside is located above the east side small wall of the eastern building-side roof unit 13a. Is provided. Note that a fire damper is attached to the fan air supply port Hc. In addition, a ridge cover 13e and an eave cover 13f are attached to the ridge portion and the eave tip portion, respectively, in order to secure good rain performance.

The solar cell array 2 of this example has ridge side roof units 13a, 13a and eaves side roof units 13b,
On the roof surface of 13b, the vertical rails 41, 4 as mounting frames
1, 42, 42 and the horizontal rails 43, 44, 45,... Are attached in parallel to the inclination direction of the roof surface, and the edge of the solar cell module 2a in the row closest to the eaves is located on the eaves end. The lower part is opened to form an outside air intake He, He,. Each of the solar cell modules 2a constituting the solar cell array 2 is assembled on site, after the assembly and connection of each building unit and roof unit are completed, the ridge side roof unit 13a,
The vertical rails 41, 41, 42, 42 and the horizontal rails 43, 44,
The array back ventilation layer A is formed below the solar cell array 2 by, for example, using 45,... As shown in FIG. 6, each solar cell module 2a constituting the solar cell array 2 includes a large number of single-crystal silicon solar cells (pn junction elements) 21 and
After being wired in series and parallel to each other, these single-crystal silicon solar cells 2 are designed to withstand long-term outdoor exposure.
The transparent support substrate 2 made of white plate reinforced glass or the like having excellent light transmittance and impact strength is provided through a filler 22 such as EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) having excellent moisture resistance.
3 and 23, packaging (sealing) in a layer structure to form a panel-shaped module main body, and further, forming a peripheral edge of the formed module main body with an aluminum frame 2
It is surrounded by 4.

The frame 24 is composed of a pair of vertical frames and horizontal frames. Each of the inner surfaces is provided with a U-shaped groove for fitting and holding the module body. These vertical frame and horizontal frame are joined to each other after being fitted to the peripheral edge of the module body. In each of the vertical frame and the horizontal frame, a fixing piece L for engaging and fixing the solar cell module 2a to the upper surface of the corresponding mounting member 4 is extended outward. Several screw holes are formed in each fixing piece L. The joining screws N, N,...
143 which is inserted through the screw hole of
To fix the respective solar cell modules 2a firmly.

The vertical rails 41, 41, 42, 42 and the horizontal rails 43, 44, 45,...
a, ... is a mounting base for mounting and fixing to the roof surface,
As shown in the figure, on the upper surface of each timber (wood),
A non-combustible coating material such as a vinyl chloride steel sheet is attached,
They are fixed to each other by a fixing tool (not shown) such as a male screw. The vertical rails 41, 41, 42, 42 are respectively disposed at positions directly above the tree 143 along the wife direction.
41 is the adjacent two rows of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,
Are mounted, and the vertical bars 42, 42 respectively mount the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Also,
Vent notches M1 and M1 having openings of a predetermined cross-sectional area are provided in the ridge-side portions of the vertical bars 41 and 41, respectively. The horizontal rail 43 is disposed closest to the ridge along a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the roof surface, and mounts the ridge-side edge of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. To prevent rainwater from entering the building. In addition, horizontal rail 44, 4
4,... Indicate solar cell modules 2a, 2a,
.. Among the two solar cell modules 2a, 2a adjacent to each other in the flow direction of the roof surface, and the ventilation notches M2, M having openings with a predetermined cross-sectional area.
2, ... Also, the horizontal rails 45, 45,... Are the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,.
Of the two solar cell modules 2a, 2a adjacent to each other in the flow direction of the roof surface, and the ventilation cutouts M3, M having openings with a predetermined cross-sectional area.
3, ...

Here, the notches M1, M2, M3,.
As shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional areas of the openings of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... In the respective rows are indicated by arrows F1, F2, and F3, respectively. The flow rate of the air flowing through the rear array back ventilation layer A is set in advance so as to be substantially equal to each other (excluding the solar cell module 2a closest to the ridge side among 2a, 2a,...). That is, of the amount of air passing through the back of each solar cell module 2a (however, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. The ratio Y / X of the air passage amount Y at the location where air is the least difficult to the air passage amount X at the location where the passage is the easiest is preferably about 0.
It is made to be larger than 8. For example, if the wind speed is 0.
In the case of 25 m / sec, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the opening of each ventilation notch M2 and each ventilation notch M3 is set to 1: 2. These ventilation notches M1, M2, M3 ...
Are calculated and determined on the basis of the shape, dimensions, air volume, and the like of the horizontal rails 44, 45,.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 9,
Further, below the fan air inlet Hc, each outside air inlet He is provided.
A blower 3 is provided for forcibly sucking in the outside air flowing in from the rear through the array back ventilation layer A and the fan air supply port Hc, and discharging the air into the cabin back 16 or outside. The blower 3 is attached to the lower part of the roof panel in accordance with the position of the fan air inlet Hc, and has a fan device 31 that blows air by driving a motor, and an outdoor discharge unit (hereinafter referred to as an outdoor) that directly discharges air to the outside. An electric switching damper 34 for selectively switching the open / close state of a shed introduction part (hereinafter, referred to as a shed ventilation outlet) 33 for guiding air to the side of the shed 16 (referred to as a discharge port). The switching damper 34 is switched, and the air sucked by the fan device 31 is blown out to the outdoor discharge port 32 side or the back side of the cabin blower port 33 side. The duct 33 communicates with the ventilation opening C, C,... In the wall of the building unit 12 on the upper floor.
The operation of the fan device 31 and the switching of the switching damper 34 are remotely controlled by a switch (not shown) provided in a predetermined living room 11a on the lower floor.
These blowers 3 are attached in advance at the factory when the south ridge side roof unit 13a is manufactured.

Next, the operation of this example will be described. (A) During the winter season For example, when the living room is cold during the winter season, first, the switching damper 34 is set by a changeover switch (not shown), and as shown in FIG. The outdoor discharge port 32 leading to the hut 16 is fully closed, and the air outlet 33 behind the hut leading to the ventilation space C in each wall of the hut 16 is fully opened. The opening / closing dampers for the underfloor ventilation port Ha and the air supply port Hb in each room are fully opened.
Next, the operation switch is pressed to start the fan device 31. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the air in the array back ventilation layer A warmed by heat exchange with each solar cell module 2a heated by the solar radiation is sucked into the fan device 31 via the fan air supply port Hc. The hut back air vent 33
From the hut back 16. At this time, the inside of the array back ventilation layer A on the back of each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Air having a substantially equal flow rate is circulated, collected at the fan air supply port Hc, and drawn into the fan device 31. The warm air is supplied to the ventilation notches K3 provided in the roof beams 136 of the roof unit 3 and the upper frame 122b of the building unit 12 on the upper floor.
Through the ventilation notches K1 provided in the building unit 12 and into the ventilation spaces C in the walls of the building unit 12. Then, while passing through the in-wall ventilation space C, the wall material 1 of the wall panel 122 is
After warming 22d and 122d, part of the wall panels 122
Flows into the room from an air supply port Hb provided at the lower part of the vehicle. Further, the remaining air exits from each ventilation notch K2 of the lower frame 122c, passes through each ventilation notch K1 provided in the upper frame 122b of the lower building unit 11, and passes through each wall of the building unit 11. It enters the ventilation space C. Then, while passing through the in-wall ventilation space C, the wall material 112 of the wall panel 112 is
After warming d and 112d, a part of the air flows into the room through an air supply port Hb provided at a lower portion of the wall panel 112. Also,
Further, the remaining air enters the underfloor space 15 from the lower part of each in-wall ventilation space C. And underfloor heat storage material 15 such as crushed stones
The concrete and the crushed stones are heated by exchanging heat with a and the concrete on the inner wall functioning as a heat storage material, and are discharged outside through the underfloor ventilation hole Ha. On the other hand, the fan device 31
The outside air enters the array back ventilation layer A, which has become a negative pressure by the operation, through the outside air intake He, He,.

As a result, the living room 12a,
The warm air flows directly into 11a,... And the room is warmed, and the heating load is reduced. In addition, by heating the wall materials 122d, 112d inside the wall panels 122, 112, the living rooms 11, 1 through the wall materials 122d, 112d are heated.
Dissipation of heat from inside 2 is reduced, and the heating load on each of the living rooms 11 and 12 is reduced. Also, the above-mentioned concrete and the underfloor heat storage material 15a allow the upper chambers 11, 1 to be heated.
The heat dissipation from 1, 1, ... to the ground is reduced, and the heating load in the room is reduced. Here, since the concrete and the under-floor heat storage material 15a have a relatively large heat capacity, they keep the heat even at night and contribute to a comfortable thermal environment all day. Furthermore, the inside of the array back ventilation layer A below each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Each of the solar cell modules 2a
Are cooled substantially uniformly and uniformly, and heat exchange is performed efficiently.

In this way, during operation of the fan device 31, outdoor → outside air intake He, He,... → array back ventilation layer A → fan air inlet Hc → fan device 31 → hut back air outlet 33 →
The back of the hut 16 → notches for ventilation K3, K3,... → notches for ventilation K1, K1,.
Airflow paths C, C,... → air supply ports Hb, Hb of building units 12, 12,... → flow of living rooms 12a, 12a,. The air flowing along contributes to heating of the living rooms 12a, 12a,. Also, from the outside to the outside air intake He, He, ...
→ Array back ventilation layer A → Fan supply port Hc → Fan device 3
1 → Vehicle back vent 33 → Vehicle back 16 → Notch K3 for ventilation
K3,... → Ventilation notches K1, K1,... → ventilation space C, C,... → wall panel 122 of upper-floor building unit on upper-floor building unit
.. → ventilation notches K1, K1,... → ventilation notches K1, K1,... → ventilation in-wall ventilation units C, C,.
1, 11,... Air supply ports Hb, Hb,.
11a,... Or outdoors → outside air intake He, He,... → array back ventilation layer A → fan air supply port Hc → fan device 31 →
Ventilation outlet 33 behind the shed → 16 behind the shed → Notch K3, K for ventilation
3,... → Ventilation notches K1, K1,... → Ventilation spaces C, C,... → Ventilation of wall panels 122 of upper-floor building units. Notches K2, K2,... → ventilation notches K1, K1,... → ventilation spaces C, C,.
15 → the underfloor vent Ha → the air flowing along the air flow path with the outdoor flow as the forward direction
a, 11a, ... contributes to heating.

(B) Summer Night For example, when the living room is hot during the summer night, first, a changeover damper 34 is set by a changeover switch (not shown), and as shown in FIG. Is completely closed, and the air outlet 33 behind the hut on the side communicating with the ventilation space C in each wall of the hut 16 is fully opened. The opening / closing dampers of the underfloor ventilation port Ha and the air supply port Hb of each living room are fully opened. Next, the operation switch is pressed to start the fan device 31. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the air in the array back ventilation layer A cooled by heat exchange with the solar cell array 2 cooled by the radiation cooling is sucked into the fan device 31 via the fan air supply port Hc. Then, it is guided into the back of the hut 16 from the back of the hut ventilation opening 33. Also in this case, in the array back ventilation layer A under each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Is flowed at a substantially equal flow rate, is collected at the fan air supply port Hc, and is sucked into the fan device 31. Then, the cold air is supplied to each ventilation notch K3 provided in the roof beam 136 of the roof unit 3 and the upper frame 122 of the building unit 12 on the upper floor.
The air enters the ventilation space C in each wall of the building unit 12 through each ventilation notch K1 provided in b. After the wall materials 122d and 122d of the wall panel 122 are cooled while passing through the in-wall ventilation space C, part of the wall panel 1 is cooled.
The air flows into the room through an air supply port Hb provided at a lower portion of the air conditioner 22. Further, the remaining air exits from each ventilation notch K2 of the lower frame 122c, and flows into the upper frame 122b of the building unit 11 on the lower floor.
Through the ventilation notches K1 provided in the building unit 11 and into the ventilation spaces C in the walls of the building unit 11. Then, while passing through the in-wall ventilation space C, the wall material 1 of the wall panel 112 is
After cooling 12d and 112d, part of the wall panel 11
2 flows into the room from an air supply port Hb provided at a lower portion of the air conditioner 2.
Further, the remaining air enters the underfloor space 15 from the lower part of each in-wall ventilation space C. Then, heat exchange is performed with the underfloor heat storage material 15a such as crushed stone and the concrete of the inner wall functioning as a heat storage material, and the concrete and the crushed stone are cooled,
It is discharged outside through the underfloor vent Ha. On the other hand, the outside air enters the array back ventilation layer A, which has become a negative pressure by the operation of the fan device 31, through the outside air intake ports He, He,.

As a result, the living room 12a,
Cool air flows directly into 11a,... To cool the room, and the cooling load is reduced. Moreover, each living room 11, 1 through the wall members 122d, 112d is cooled by cooling the wall members 122d, 112d inside the wall panels 122, 112.
The flow of heat into the interior 2 is reduced, and the cooling load on each of the living rooms 11 and 12 is reduced. Moreover, the above-mentioned concrete and the underfloor heat storage material 15a allow the upper chambers 11,11,
... alleviates the flow of heat into the room and reduces the indoor cooling load.
Here, since the concrete and the under-floor heat storage material 15a have a relatively large heat capacity, they are kept cool even at night, and contribute to a comfortable thermal environment all day. Furthermore, each solar cell module 2a,
2a,... (However, the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,
(Except for the solar cell module 2a closest to the ridge side of 2a,...), A substantially uniform flow of air flows through the lower array back ventilation layer A. , And the heat is exchanged efficiently.

Thus, during operation of the fan device 31, the outside air → the outside air intake He, He,... → the ventilation layer A behind the array → the fan air supply port Hc → the fan device 31 → the air outlet 33 behind the hut →
The back of the hut 16 → notches for ventilation K3, K3,... → notches for ventilation K1, K1,... Of the wall panel 122 on the upper floor → ventilation spaces C, C,. The air flowing along the air circulation path having the forward direction of the flow of the air supply ports Hb, Hb,... → the living rooms 12a, 12a,... Contributes to the cooling of the living rooms 12a, 12a,. .. → Outdoor air inlet He, He,... → Array back ventilation layer A → Fan air supply port Hc → Fan unit 31 → Hut back air outlet 33 → Hut back 16 → Vent notches K3, K3,. Wall panels 12
.. → ventilation notches K1, K1,... → internal ventilation space C, C,.
K2,... → Ventilation notches K1, K in lower wall panel 112
1,... → Ventilation spaces C, C,... In the lower floor of the building → Air supply ports Hb, Hb,.
a, 11a,... or outdoors → outside air intake He, He,.
→ Array back ventilation layer A → Fan supply port Hc → Fan device 3
1 → Vehicle back vent 33 → Vehicle back 16 → Notch K3 for ventilation
K3,... → ventilation cutouts K1, K in upper wall panel 122
1,... → ventilation notches K2, K2,... Of the upper floor wall panel 122 → ventilation notches K1, K1,. Ventilation spaces C, C,... In the floor walls → underfloor space (heat storage tank) 15 → underfloor vent H
a → along the air circulation path with the outdoor flow as the forward direction,
The flowing air mainly contributes to cooling of the living rooms 11a, 11a,.

(C) During the daytime in summer For example, when each solar cell module 2a is also heated by solar radiation during the midsummer day, first, the changeover switch (not shown) is used to set the changeover damper 34, and FIG. As shown in b), the outdoor discharge port 32 communicating with the exhaust port Hd is fully opened, and the rear air outlet 33 on the side communicating with the ventilation space C in each wall of the cabin 16 is fully closed. The opening / closing damper for the underfloor ventilation port Ha is fully opened, and the opening / closing damper for the air supply port Hb in each living room is fully closed. Next, the operation switch is pressed to start the fan device 31. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the air in the array back ventilation layer A heated by heat exchange with the solar cell array 2 heated by the solar radiation is discharged from the fan blowing port Hc.
The air is sucked into the fan device 31 through the
After that, the air is discharged outside through the exhaust port Hd. Here, the array back ventilation layer A below each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,.
Air having a substantially equal flow rate flows through the inside, is collected at the fan air supply port Hc, and is sucked into the fan device 31. As a result,
Due to the operation of the fan device 31, the inside of the array back ventilation layer A becomes a negative pressure, and relatively cool outside air flows in from outside through the outside air intake ports He, He,.

Thus, during operation of the fan device 31, outdoor → outside air intake He, He,... → array back ventilation layer A → fan air inlet Hc → fan device 31 → outdoor outlet 32 → outlet Hd → outdoor. Is formed, and relatively cool air is always supplied to the back of the solar cell array 2. As a result, the solar cell array 2 is cooled by being deprived of heat by the air in the array back ventilation layer A, while the air heated by the solar cell array 2 is discharged to the outside by the fan device 31 and the solar cell array 2 is cooled. This prevents the power generation efficiency from being lowered. Further, in the array back ventilation layer A on the back side of each column of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. , The air flows at a substantially equal flow rate, whereby the respective solar cell modules 2a are cooled substantially uniformly and evenly, and heat exchange is efficiently performed.

According to the above configuration, for example, during the daytime in winter, the solar cell array 2 configured by disposing a plurality of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. The air in the array back ventilation layer A on the back of the solar cell array 2 that is absorbed and heated is forcibly flowed into the hut back 16 by the operation of the blower 3, and at this time, the ventilation space C in each wall is formed. ., The warm air flows directly from the air supply port Hb into the living rooms 12a, 11a,... To warm the room and reduce the heating load. In addition, when warm air passes through the ventilation space C in each wall, the wall material 112d (122d) inside the wall panel 112 (122) is heated, so that each living room 11 through the wall material 112d (122d) is heated.
a, 12a, the dissipation of heat from inside is reduced, and each living room 11
a, 12a, the heating load is reduced. Furthermore, the warm air is also sent to the underfloor space 15, which warms the underfloor space 15 and reduces the heat dissipation of each living room 11a toward the ground, so that the heating load of the entire building can be reduced. . Therefore, power consumption can be reduced.

Here, the air heated by the array back ventilation layer A under each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... In each column is supplied to one fan air supply port Hc ventilation hole provided on the roof surface. Since all are collected, there is no need to provide a header duct or the like on the attic side. Therefore, the number of members and the number of construction steps can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened. Also, the in-wall ventilation spaces C, C,... Formed inside the wall panels 112, 122,.
a, 12a and special members such as ducts for feeding to the underfloor space 15 can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the number of members and the number of construction steps can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

The cross-sectional area of the openings of the ventilation notches M1, M2, M3,...
a, ... (however, the solar cell modules 2a, 2
a,... except for the solar cell module 2a closest to the ridge side) so that air with a substantially equal flow rate flows through the lower array back ventilation layer A, that is, at a location where air is most easily passed. Since the ratio Y / X of the air passage amount Y at the point where air hardly passes through the air passage amount X is set to be larger than approximately 0.8, each solar cell module 2a is substantially Cooling is performed evenly and heat is exchanged efficiently. In addition, the vertical rail 4 having cutouts M1, M2, M3,...
, 41 and the horizontal rails 44, 45,... Also function as mounting bases for mounting and fixing the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. No solar cell module is required, and each solar cell module can be cooled at low cost and easily in a substantially uniform manner.

Further, during the nighttime in summer, the solar cell array 2 is cooled by radiant cooling, so that the cooled air follows a path equivalent to the above-mentioned path, and
, 12a,... and the underfloor space 15, and the cooling load is reduced by directly cooling the respective living rooms 11a, 12a. Further, by cooling the underfloor space 15, the heat of the respective living rooms 11a from the ground direction is reduced. To mitigate the inflow,
The heating load of the whole building can be reduced. In this case as well, power consumption can be reduced.
In addition, air heated by the heat generated from the solar cell array 2 can be used for heating during the daytime in winter, or air cooled by radiant cooling can be used for cooling at night in summertime. At the same time, during the day, solar cell array 2
Thus, power can be generated by solar energy. In addition, when the solar cell array 2 is heated to a predetermined temperature or higher during the daytime in summer or the like, the air blower 3 is operated to cool the solar cell array 2 and avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a rise in temperature.

In the solar system building 1, the opening and closing of the outdoor discharge port 32 for directly discharging the air in the rear ventilation layer A of the array to the outside or the air outlet 33 for introducing the air into the back of the hut 16. Since an electric switching damper 34 for selectively switching the state is provided, the switching damper 34 is switched so that the fan device 3
1 can be forcibly discharged to the outside from the exhaust port Hd via the outdoor discharge port 32. Therefore, when the solar cell array 2 is heated and required to be cooled during the daytime in summer or the like, the fan device 31 is operated to continuously take in outside air from the eaves side into the array back ventilation layer A, and Since the array 2 is cooled and the heat exchanged air can be discharged from the exhaust port Hd, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the power generation efficiency of each solar cell array 2 due to a rise in temperature. Also,
By ventilating the in-wall ventilation space C, further introducing air to the underfloor space 15, and exhausting the air from the underfloor ventilation hole Ha to the outside, the in-wall ventilation space C and the underfloor space 15 can be ventilated. Therefore, for example, it is possible to prevent the mold from being generated on the wall in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment during the rainy season, thereby preventing the wall material from deteriorating. Similarly, moisture under the floor can be discharged.

Further, a heat collecting plate 142 coated with a selective absorption film for selectively absorbing light in the wavelength region of sunlight is attached immediately below the solar cell array 2. The sunlight passing through the roof is efficiently absorbed by the selective absorption film provided on the roof surface, and the air in the rear ventilation layer A of the array transports more heat, so that the living rooms 11a and 12a are further increased. Can contribute to internal heating. The underfloor heat storage material 1 is provided inside the underfloor space 15.
Since 5a is laid, a larger amount of heat can be stored in the underfloor space 15, and the thermal environment in the living room can be more efficiently improved. Further, since the switching damper 34 of the blower 3 is configured to be electrically controllable by operating a switching switch provided in the living room, when the operation of the switching damper 34 is necessary,
In addition, it is possible to easily perform remote control while staying in the living room.

Second Embodiment FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind a solar cell array according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein a passage for ventilation is provided. FIG. FIG. 10 shows that the ventilation structure on the back of the solar cell array according to the second embodiment is significantly different from the first embodiment.
As shown in the figure, the ventilation panels C, C,... Are also provided in the wall panels facing the outside on the south side of the building units 11, 12,..., The outside air intake He, He,. , And a ceiling under the eaves is provided, and ventilation holes Hi, Hi,... Are provided on the roof surface for taking in air that has passed from the underside of the eaves through the in-wall ventilation spaces C, C,. In other respects, the configuration is substantially the same as that of the components of the first embodiment. Therefore, the components corresponding to the components of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

Next, the operation of this example will be described. For example, when the temperature of the underfloor space is lower than the outdoor temperature during the winter day, first, a changeover switch (not shown) switches the changeover damper 3.
4, the outdoor discharge port 32 communicating with the exhaust port Hd is fully closed as shown in FIG. 9 (a), and the back air outlet on the side communicating with the ventilation space C in each wall inside the cabin back 16. 33 is fully opened. The opening / closing dampers of the underfloor ventilation port Ha and the air supply port Hb of each room are fully closed. Next, press the operation switch,
The fan device 31 is started. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, each solar cell module 2 heated by the solar radiation
The air in the array back ventilation layer A warmed by the heat exchange with a is sucked into the fan device 31 via the fan air supply port Hc, and is introduced into the cabin back 16 through the cabin back air outlet 33. At this time, the inside of the array back ventilation layer A under each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... (However, except for the solar cell module 2a on the ridge side among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Air having a substantially equal flow rate is circulated, collected at the fan air supply port Hc, and drawn into the fan device 31.

Then, this air passes through each ventilation notch K3 provided on the roof beam 136 of the roof unit 3 and each ventilation notch K1 provided on the upper frame 122b of the building unit 12 on the upper floor. The air enters the ventilation space C in each wall on the inner side of the unit 12. Further, the air is supplied to the lower frame 122c.
From each ventilation notch K2 of the lower building unit 11
Through the ventilation notches K1 provided in the upper frame 122b, through the in-wall ventilation spaces C of the building unit 11, and enter the underfloor space 15. Then, after being cooled in the underfloor space 15, it passes through the in-wall ventilation space C of the wall panel on the south side of the building units 11 and 12 facing the outdoor, and from each ventilation hole Hi again the array back ventilation layer A. Flows into. Thus, the air flows along the closed circulation route, and the underfloor space 15
Is supplied into the array back ventilation layer A, and the solar cell modules 2a are cooled.

Thus, during the operation of the fan device 31, the array back ventilation layer A → the fan air supply port Hc → the fan device 31 →
Ventilation space inside the hut 33 → Ventilation spaces C, C,... Inside the walls of the building units on the upper floor → Ventilation spaces C, C,. .. →→ Ventilation spaces C, C,... → outside walls C, C,.
i,... → The air flows along a closed air flow path whose forward direction is the flow of the array back ventilation layer A.

According to the above configuration, in addition to the above-described effect of greatly reducing the number of ducts and the like, the relatively cool underfloor space 15 can be used.
Can be used for cooling the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,..., So that the cooling can be performed more efficiently.

Third Embodiment FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind a solar cell array according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein a passage for ventilation is provided. Perspective view,
FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing the solar system building in an exploded manner, and FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a flow path of air flowing in an array back ventilation layer of a ventilation structure behind the solar cell array. It is. The ventilation structure behind the solar cell array of the third embodiment is significantly different from that of the first embodiment described above. As shown in FIGS. In place of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... In the row closest to the ridge side (downstream side) of the battery array 2, a solar cell array 6 configured by disposing transparent panels 6b, 6b,. And a solar system building in which a fan air inlet Hj for connecting the array back ventilation layer A and the hut back 16 to the roof surface on the ridge side adjacent to the area where the solar cell array 6 is installed is provided. 5 is realized. Otherwise,
Since the components are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the components corresponding to the components of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.

Here, an array back ventilation layer A is provided on the back of the solar cell array 6, and further, the ridge side of the array back ventilation layer A communicates with the array back ventilation layer A, and the upper side is a ridge cover 1.
3e is provided with a ventilation layer on the back of the ridge cover, which is covered with 3e. One fan air supply for connecting the ventilation layer on the back of the ridge cover and the back of the hut 16 to the roof surface just below the center of the ventilation layer on the ridge cover back. The mouth Hj is penetrated. The solar cell array 6 of this example has three solar cell modules 2 per row.
are arranged in three rows, and three rows of transparent panels 6b, 6b,... are arranged on the ridge side of these three rows of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. . These solar cell modules 2a, 2a,.
As shown in FIG. 12, b, 6b,... are ridge side roof units 13a, 13a and eaves side roof units 13b, 13b.
On the roof surface of b, the vertical rails 71, 71,
Are mounted in parallel with the inclination direction of the roof surface by using 72, 72 and horizontal rails 74, 75,.
Below, an array back ventilation layer A is formed. Further, the upper side of the ridge cover back ventilation layer is covered with the ridge cover 13e,
Also, the transparent panel 6 is formed by partitioning both wife sides by vertical bars 72 and 72 and the ridge side by horizontal bars 73.
By omitting the horizontal rail 75 for placing and fixing the side edge portions on the ridge side of b, 6b,..., it communicates with the array back ventilation layer A. Each transparent panel 6b is made of a white tempered glass having a thickness of about 3.2 mm, transmits infrared rays, far infrared rays, and the like, and allows air under the transparent panel 6b to receive thermal energy.

The vertical rails 71, 71, 72, 72 and the horizontal rails 73, 74, 75,...
, transparent panel 6b, 6b, ridge cover 13e
Is a mounting base for mounting and fixing the
1, 71, 72, 72 are respectively disposed at positions directly above the tree 143 along the wife direction, and the vertical bars 71, 71 are composed of two adjacent rows of solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. 6b, 6b are placed, and the vertical rails 72, 72 are respectively provided with the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,.
And the transparent panel 6b, and the ridge cover 13e.
Is placed and fixed at a predetermined site. The crosspiece 73 is disposed closest to the ridge along a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the roof surface, and mounts and fixes the ridge cover 13e at a predetermined portion, and also prevents intrusion of rainwater or the like from the ridge side. Also, the horizontal rails 74, 74,...
a, 2a,... and the transparent panel 6b, the edges of the two solar cell modules 2a, 2a or the transparent panel 6b adjacent to each other in the flow direction of the roof surface are placed,
It has ventilation notches M4 and M4 having openings of a predetermined cross-sectional area. Also, the horizontal rails 75, 75,... Are two solar cell modules 2a, 2a adjacent to each other in the flow direction of the roof surface among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Or transparent panels 6b, 6b
, And has ventilation notches M5, M5,... Having openings with a predetermined cross-sectional area.

Here, as shown in FIG. 13, the cross-sectional areas of the openings of the ventilation notches M4, M5,... Are indicated by arrows P1, P2 and P3, respectively, and 2a, 2a,... And transparent panels 6b, 6
b,... are set in advance so that the flow rates of the air flowing through the back are substantially equal. Also in this example, for example, when the wind speed is 0.25 m / sec, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the opening of each ventilation notch M4 and each ventilation notch M5 is set to 1: 2. The cross-sectional areas, positions, and the like of the openings of the ventilation notches M4, M5 are calculated and determined based on the shapes, dimensions, air volumes, and the like of the horizontal rails 74, 75,.

Next, the operation of this example will be described. For example, when the temperature of the underfloor space is lower than the outdoor temperature during the winter day, first, a changeover switch (not shown) switches the changeover damper 3.
4 is set, the outdoor exhaust port 32 communicating with the exhaust port Hd is fully closed, and the rear air outlet 33 on the side communicating with the ventilation space C in each wall inside the hut 16 is fully opened. The opening / closing dampers for the underfloor ventilation port Ha and the air supply port Hb in each room are fully opened. Next, the operation switch is depressed to start the fan device 31 (see FIG. 9A). Then, as shown in FIG.
In the array back ventilation layer A, the air behind the solar cell modules 2a warmed by the heat exchange with each of the solar cell modules 2a heated by the solar radiation crawls on the roof surface, and the transparent panels 6b, 6b,. It can be warmed further. Then, the air in the array back ventilation layer A is guided to the ridge cover back ventilation layer, is sucked into the fan device 31 via the fan air supply port Hc, and is passed through the hut back ventilation port 33 to the hut back 16.
Introduced within. At this time, the solar cell modules 2a, 2
, and the transparent panels 6b, 6b,..., the air flows at a substantially equal flow rate through the back, is collected at the fan air supply port Hc, and is sucked into the fan device 31.

According to the above configuration, substantially the same effects as described in the first embodiment can be obtained. In addition, for example, during the daytime in winter, the air behind the solar cell module 2a, which is heated by heat exchange with each solar cell module 2a heated by the solar radiation, is further efficiently transmitted through the transparent panels 6b, 6b,. By introducing this air indoors, the heating load of the entire building can be further reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like that do not depart from the gist of the present invention. Is also included in the present invention. For example, this building is not limited to a wooden wall type structure, but may be a steel framed structure. In addition, the shape of the roof is not limited to the gable roof, and may be a ridge roof. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the building unit has a wall-winning configuration, but may have a floor-winning configuration. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the in-wall ventilation spaces C, C,... Are provided on the partition wall, but may be provided on a boundary wall of an apartment house or the like, for example. Further, in the above-described embodiment, as shown by arrows F1, F2, and F3 in FIG. 8, ventilation is performed for each of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,. Are provided on the vertical and horizontal rails with vents M6, M6,... Each having an opening with a predetermined cross-sectional area to cool each solar cell module 2a in order along one ventilation path indicated by arrow S. It is good also as composition. In this case, for example, among the solar cell modules 2a, 2a,... In the row closest to the ridge, the fan inlet Hk may be provided on the roof surface below the solar cell module 2a on the easternmost side.

For example, when a solar cell array is provided on the roof surface of a building roof, as shown in FIG. 15, the number of solar cell modules 2a may be small on the ridge side and large on the eaves side. good. Also in this case, the ventilation notch M having an opening with a predetermined cross-sectional area in the vertical rail or the horizontal rail.
., And by appropriately setting the cross-sectional area of the opening of each ventilation notch M7 (M8), along the ventilation paths as indicated by arrows T1, T2, and T3 in FIG. And the flow rate of the air flowing therethrough can be made substantially uniform. Further, as shown in the figure, a fan air supply port Hm may be provided on a roof surface below an adjacent portion of the solar cell modules 2a, 2a adjacent to each other. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the fan air supply port may be circular or rectangular, and may have a configuration in which a plurality of small air supply ports are gathered at one location.

In the above-described embodiment, the vertical and horizontal rails are
Although provided with a ventilation notch having an opening of a preset cross-sectional area, for example, by attaching an opening and closing part to the ventilation notch,
It is good also as a structure which can change the flow volume which can pass through these ventilation notches. Further, in the above-described embodiment, each outside air intake He is provided at the end of the solar cell array 2 on the eaves end side. However, for example, the outside air intake is provided below the eaves of the roof so that outside air is introduced from below. Is also good. Further, a fan device may be added to the outside air intake He.
Further, the number of the blowers 3 is not limited to one, and a configuration having two or more blowers may be provided.

In the above-described embodiment, the upper frame 112b (122b) and the lower frame 112c (122c) of the wall panel 112 (122) are attached to the adjacent vertical frame 112a (12c).
2a), 112a (122a) are provided with ventilation cutouts K1, K1,..., K2, K2,... At least at one location in each of the upper frame and the lower frame for one wall panel. A ventilation notch may be provided, and at least one connection notch or connection through-hole may be provided in each vertical frame. Of the members constituting the roof panel 131, the non-combustible covering material 141 may be omitted. When the selective absorption film of the heat collecting plate 142 has waterproofness,
The waterproof sheet 140 may be omitted. Also, the heat insulating material 13
8 may be, for example, urethane foam or the like instead of high heat insulating styrene.

In the above embodiment, the underfloor space 15 between the lower building units 11, 11,... And the foundation B is used as a heat storage tank.
Also, the space between the building units 12, 12, ... on the upper floor may be used as a heat storage tank. Alternatively, a temperature sensor may be arranged outdoors, behind the solar cell array, indoors, under the floor, or the like, and automatically controlled in conjunction with operation of the fan device, switching of the switching damper, and opening and closing of the opening / closing damper. In the above-described embodiment, each of the solar cell modules 2a is mounted on the site after assembling the unit building. However, in a factory, a part or all of the solar cell modules 2a are integrally mounted on the roof panel. Is also good. Further, each solar cell module 2a installed on the roof surface may be a photovoltaic-heat collecting hybrid panel in which heat collecting panels are combined. Furthermore, the solar cell incorporated in each solar cell module 2a is not limited to a single crystal silicon solar cell, but may be a polycrystalline silicon solar cell or an amorphous silicon solar cell. Alternatively, a compound semiconductor solar cell or an organic semiconductor solar cell may be used.

In the second embodiment, the underfloor space 1
In order to use the cool air in the inside 5 for cooling the solar cell array 2, the ventilation panels C, C,.
Is provided to guide the air sucked from the eaves side into the array back ventilation layer A. However, the rotation direction of the fan device 31 is configured to be reversible, and through the internal wall ventilation spaces C, C,. The cool air in the underfloor space 15 may be introduced into the array back ventilation layer A from the ridge side. In addition, the third
In the embodiment, the transparent panels 6b, 6b,... Are arranged in the row closest to the ridge side of the solar cell array 6, but as shown in FIG. 6c may be provided so that the solar cell array 8 is configured and attached to the roof surface of the building 9. On this occasion,
As shown in FIG. 17, for example, when the solar cell array is mounted on the roof surface of the building 9 having the skylight, the transparent panel 6 c is arranged in accordance with the existing skylight and the skylight 91.
The sunlight shown by the arrow Q may be transmitted through the transparent panel 6c and inserted into the building 9. Further, a configuration may be adopted in which a heat collecting panel is provided instead of the transparent panel, or these may be mixed. In addition, each vertical rail 41, 42 (71, 72) and each horizontal rail 43, 44,
45 (73, 74, 75) does not have to have a configuration in which a vinyl chloride steel plate is bonded to the upper surface of wood, and may be, for example, aluminum alone or an engineering plastic.

[0061]

As described above, according to the structure of the present invention, for example, a plurality of solar cell modules are arranged side by side on a roof surface of a building during the daytime in winter or the like. The air in the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module, whose body is heated by absorbing the solar heat, is collected in the ventilation holes, flows into the building, and is used for heating the building. Therefore, the heating load of the whole building can be reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, since the air in the ventilation layer to be heated is concentrated in the ventilation holes provided at one location on the roof surface, there is no need to provide a header duct or the like on the attic side. Therefore, the number of members and the number of construction steps can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened. In the summer night, the solar cell module juxtaposition is cooled by radiation cooling,
Since the cooled air is supplied into the building, the cooling load of the whole building can be reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, when the solar cell module is provided on the ventilation hole, the amount of air passing through the ventilation layer on the back of each solar cell module except for the solar cell module can be set to be substantially equal. So
Each solar cell module can be cooled almost equally,
Heat exchange can be performed efficiently.

According to the configuration of the second aspect, for example, during the daytime in winter, the air behind the solar cell modules heated by heat exchange with each solar cell module heated by solar radiation is collected. Since the air can be heated more efficiently behind the heat panel or the transparent panel, by introducing this air into the building, the heating load of the whole building can be further reduced and the power consumption can be reduced. According to the third aspect of the present invention, heat energy can be extracted from sunlight by the heat collecting panel bonded to the back surface of the solar cell module, so that the air in the ventilation layer can be more efficiently heated. Can be. Further, according to the configuration of claim 4, any one of the solar cells through which air passes most easily, except under the solar cell module when the ventilation hole is provided under any one of the solar cell modules. The ratio Y / X of the passing amount Y of the air passing under any one of the solar cell modules where air is the least difficult to the passing amount X of the air passing under the module is 0.
Since it is set to be larger than 8, each of the solar cell modules can be cooled substantially uniformly without unevenness.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the size of each of the air passage openings of the vertical bar or the horizontal bar constituting the mounting base is set to a predetermined size, and the inside of the ventilation layer is set. Since the amount of air passing through the solar cell modules can be made substantially uniform, it is possible to cool each solar cell module at low cost and easily substantially uniformly. Further, according to the configuration of the sixth aspect, the opening for air passage of at least one of the mounting bases can be adjusted in cross-sectional area of the opening. can do.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the air taken in from the air intake opening is heated by performing heat exchange with each solar cell module while traveling in the ventilation layer, and thereafter heated. Since the air is heated more efficiently under the heat collecting panel or the transparent panel disposed on the downstream side and is introduced into the building through the ventilation holes, the heated air is reliably supplied into the building and In addition, the heating load of the entire building can be further reduced. Further, according to the configuration of claim 8, since the transparent panel also serves as a skylight for indoor lighting, the function of the existing skylight is maintained by, for example, installing the solar cell module juxtaposition on the roof surface. In addition, the heating load can be reduced.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, for example, during a daytime in winter or the like, the solar battery module juxtaposed on the roof surface of the building absorbs solar heat and is heated. The air in the ventilation layer behind the juxtaposed module flows into the building and is sent to each room or underfloor space of the building via the space in the wall of the building, directly heating each room or warming the underfloor space. In addition, since heat dissipation in the direction of the ground in each room is reduced, the heating load of the entire building can be reduced. At this time, if the space in the wall which the building has in advance is used as a part of the air circulation route, special members such as ducts for sending the heated air to the above-mentioned each room or the underfloor space are renewed. No need to do. Therefore, the number of members and the number of construction steps can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened. According to the configuration of claim 10, a fan for blowing air is provided in the building, and the air in the heated ventilation layer can be quickly introduced into the building. The operation can be performed smoothly, and the heated air can be efficiently supplied into the building to help reduce the heating load.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a ventilation structure on the back of a solar cell array according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind the solar cell array, and is a perspective view showing a passage for ventilation.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the solar system building, and is a perspective view showing a passage for ventilation.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the solar system building in an exploded manner.

Fig. 5 Disassembles a part of the solar system building, and
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view partially broken away.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a flow path of air flowing in the array back ventilation layer of the ventilation structure on the back of the solar cell array.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the blower applied to the solar system building.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind a solar cell array according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view illustrating a passage for ventilation.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind a solar cell array according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a passage for ventilation.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing the solar system building in an exploded manner.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a flow path of air flowing in an array back ventilation layer of a ventilation structure on the back of the solar cell array.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a flow path of air flowing in an array back ventilation layer of a ventilation structure behind a solar cell array which is a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a flow path of air flowing in an array back ventilation layer of a ventilation structure on the back of a solar cell array, which is another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a configuration of a solar cell array according to a modified example of the third embodiment of the present invention, which is related to a ventilation structure behind the solar cell array.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a solar system building having a ventilation structure behind the solar cell array.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,5,9 Solar system building 11,12 Building unit 11a, 12a Living room (room) 13 Roof unit 15 Underfloor space 2,6,8 Solar cell array (parallel to solar cell module) 2a Solar cell module 6b, 6c Transparent panel 3 Blower (blower fan) 41, 42, 71, 72 Vertical rail 43, 44, 45, 73, 74, 75 Horizontal rail A Array back ventilation layer (vent layer) C Wall ventilation space (inside wall) Space) Hc, Hj, Hk, Hm Fan air inlet (blower hole) He Outside air inlet (opening for air intake) K1, K2 Notch for ventilation M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8
Notch for ventilation (opening for air passage)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H01L 31/042 H01L 31/04 R (72) Inventor Shigeru Sugita 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Sharp Corporation (72) Inventor Satoshi Tanaka 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan (72) Inventor Jun Junda 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka, Japan (72) Invention Person Tetsu Fujii 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Sharp Corporation

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A mounting frame for mounting a solar cell module comprising a vertical bar and a horizontal bar is vertically and horizontally fixed on a roof surface of a building, and a plurality of solar cell modules are vertically and horizontally mounted and fixed on the mounting frame. To form a juxtaposed body of solar cell modules, and a ventilation structure for the back of the juxtaposed solar cell module, wherein a ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module is provided between the juxtaposed body of solar cell modules and the roof surface. Wherein outside air flows into the ventilation layer from an air intake opening, travels through the ventilation layer, and is sent into the building from a ventilation hole provided at an arbitrary position on the roof surface. And the ventilation layer has a passage amount of air passing under each of the solar cell modules, below the solar cell module when the blow hole is provided under any one of the solar cell modules. Except Solar cell module parallel 設体 back vent structure characterized in that it is constructed to be substantially equal. 2. A light-absorbing heat-collecting panel for extracting thermal energy from sunlight, or at least infrared rays and far-infrared rays of sunlight, on the mounting base in addition to the solar cell module. 2. The ventilation structure according to claim 1, wherein a transparent panel to be mounted is also mounted and fixed to constitute the solar cell module juxtaposed body. 3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein a heat collecting panel for extracting heat energy from sunlight is bonded to a back surface of the solar cell module. Ventilation structure on the back of the body. 4. Except under the solar cell module when the ventilation hole is provided under any one of the solar cell modules, the air passing under any one of the solar cell modules through which air can pass most easily. Assuming that the amount of air passing is X and the amount of air passing under any one of the solar cell modules where air is most difficult to pass is Y, the amount of air is:
4. The ventilation structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein Y / X> 0.8. 5. The amount of air passing under each of the solar cell modules is adjusted by adjusting the size of the openings by providing an air passage opening in the vertical bar or the horizontal bar constituting the mounting base. The ventilation structure according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the ventilation structure is adjusted. 6. The ventilation structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the air passage openings has an adjustable sectional area. 7. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the heat collecting panel or the transparent panel is mounted on a downstream side of the ventilation layer from the solar cell module. Ventilation structure behind the juxtaposed module. 8. The ventilation structure according to claim 2, wherein the transparent panel also serves as a skylight for indoor lighting. 9. A ventilation structure for a building, comprising a ventilation structure on the back side of the solar cell module juxtaposed body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein ventilation is provided from the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module into the building. Wherein the building is in communication with the ventilation layer for cooling the solar cell module and any room or underfloor space through the ventilation holes and any in-wall space. The ventilation structure of a building that has a ventilation structure behind the battery module juxtaposition body. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein a fan device for blowing air for forcibly ventilating the inside of the ventilation layer through the air holes is provided in the building. The ventilation structure of the building with the ventilation structure behind the body.