JPH0926211A - Solar heat-collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable increasing the heat-collecting efficiency and by unitizing the device simplify the work done high up on the roof and make the installation work simple to execute. SOLUTION: The subject relates to a solar heat-collecting device having a heat-collecting plate 27 under a light-transmitting plate 26 and an air-passage layer 29 between the heat-collecting plate 27 and a heat-insulating material 25. In this device all or part of the heat-collecting plate 27 constitutes a solar battery 39; the heat-collecting plate 27 is made up of inclined plates 27a each inclined with respect to the direction in which air flows and end plates 27b each being an end part of the inclined plate 27a bent upward or downward and has a shape in which these inclined plates and end plates are continuously repeated like steps with rise and falls. Therefore, electricity can be generated simultaneously with the collection of heat. Since this device does not require any special space for the solar battery and its installation is completed simultaneously with the execution, the expenses for the work of installing a solar battery can be saved and the solar battery can be protected from ultraviolet rays and air contaminants.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar heat collector used in a solar heat utilization system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It has long been practiced to open a large opening on the south side of a house to receive a large amount of winter solar radiation and to open a part of it in summer for ventilation. Taking this one step further, a sunroom is created outside the living room, and this is used as a greenhouse to take warm air from here into the living room. The applicant has previously proposed and applied for a solar system house that promotes this reasonably and can effectively use air collected by sunlight without being limited to the direction. Japanese Patent Application No. 61-311485 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-165633) and Japanese Patent Application No. 62-234666 (Japanese Patent Application No. 64-75858) are such.

Referring to FIG. 16, an air flow passage 2 having a roof gradient is formed directly below a metal roof plate 1 such as a color iron plate as a solar heat collecting portion. An opening is provided as an outside air intake 3 at the eaves or the like (there may be the back of a hut), and the other end is communicated with a ridge duct 4 as a heat collection box made of heat insulating material.

FIG. 17 illustrates the solar heat collecting section in more detail. The lower surface of an air flow path 2 having a roof slope formed immediately below a metal roofing sheet 1 such as a color iron plate is provided with a heat insulating layer covered with glass wool or the like. 22 and a part of the roof was covered with glass 23. The glass 23 prevents the wind from hindering the metal roof panel 1 from being heated by solar heat by cooling when the external wind is strong.

A backflow prevention damper 6, a fan 7 and a flow path switching damper 8 are provided therein.
One of the outflow sides is provided with a handling box 5 which is opened to the outside by an exhaust duct 9 in the attic space, which is an attic space, and the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper of the handling box 5 communicates with the ridge duct 4. One of the outflow sides of the road switching damper 8 is connected to the upper end of the falling duct 10. The lower end of the falling duct 10 is an air circulation space between the heat storage soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12 as a heat storage / radiation part.
13 and a floor outlet 14 from the air circulation space 13 to the room.
Was provided.

As described above, the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper 6 of the handling box 5 is connected to the ridge duct 4, and the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper 6 is connected to the circulation duct 19 that opens to the room through a ceiling or the like. The backflow prevention damper 6 is configured as a flow path switching damper for switching the flow path between the ridge duct 4 side and the circulation duct 19 side.
If the room provided with the suction port 20 for opening the circulation duct 19 is on the second floor, the room on the first floor where the floor panel 12 provided with the floor outlet 14 to the room has a blow-through structure and air Is desired to flow freely.

In the handling box 5, a hot water removing coil 15 is provided between the backflow prevention damper 6 and the fan 7,
The hot water coil 15 is connected to a hot water storage tank 17 by a circulation pipe 16, and a hot water supply boiler 18 for additional heating is provided in the hot water storage tank 17, and a hot water supply pipe 21 connected to a bath, a washroom, and a kitchen is provided.
Connect.

[0008] In this manner, the roof plate 1, which is a metal plate heated by sunlight, warms the outside air entering the air flow path 2,
This warmed air rises along the roof slope. Then, the heated air is collected in the ridge duct 4 and then enters the handling box 5 by the fan 7, flows down from the handling box 5 into the falling duct 10, and circulates air between the heat storage soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12. Enter space 13. In this air circulation space 13, the heated air directly warms the floor below the floor via the floor panel 12, and the heat storage soil concrete 11
In this case, three types of heating action are performed: storing heat in the room and blowing the warm air directly from the floor outlet 14 into the room.

On the other hand, the water fed from the hot water storage tank 17 through the circulation pipe 16 is heated by the hot water collecting coil 15,
Hot water is stored in a hot water storage tank 17, whereupon it is reheated as necessary by a hot water supply boiler 18 for additional heating and supplied to various places from a hot water supply pipe.

[0010] By the way, in a high temperature season such as summer when heating is not required, it is necessary to discharge all the heated air heated by the roof panel 1 to the outside air and discard it. In this case, if the falling duct 10 which is one of the outflow sides is closed by the flow path switching damper 8 and the exhaust duct 9 which is the other one of the outflow sides is opened, the heated air is discharged from the handling box 5 through the exhaust duct. Discarded outside through 9. Since the heating air passes through the handling box 5 to heat the hot water removing coil 15, it is ensured that hot water can be obtained by using solar heat even at high temperatures such as in summer.

[0011]

In general, in order to collect solar heat more largely, it is necessary to increase the heat collecting area, receive the direct solar radiation of the sun at a right angle, and to generate more heat from the heat collecting plate. You need to be able to exchange it.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the roof panel 1 is used as a heat collecting plate. However, increasing the heat collecting area is limited by the building area, which increases the cost. The problem of receiving light at a right angle is that the heat collection surface greatly depends on design constraints and the roof gradient coming from the aesthetics, and in regions where the solar altitude is low in winter, the heat collection efficiency is greatly reduced. Was.

The solar system house shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 is an energy saving system in which heat is collected by sunlight, but consumes electricity for driving the fan 7 and controlling the opening and closing of the damper. If this electricity is provided by photovoltaic power generation using solar cells, an energy-saving system using solar energy more effectively can be obtained.

However, if a solar cell is installed on a roof which is most susceptible to sunlight, the solar cell will block the sunlight that heats the shingle 1 and impede the heat-collecting action of the corner. Would.

On the other hand, if solar cells are installed on the ground or the like, it is difficult to secure a space, and costs for installation of a gantry and the like are added. Furthermore, since the solar cell is directly installed outdoors, it needs to be protected from ultraviolet rays and air pollutants, and must be covered with a glass or a light-transmitting resin layer, which is a factor of cost increase.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the above-mentioned conventional example. First, to provide a solar heat collecting apparatus capable of improving the heat collecting efficiency by receiving sunlight as perpendicularly as possible. It is in. Secondly, it is to provide a solar heat collector which can protect the solar cell from ultraviolet rays and atmospheric pollutants without requiring a special installation location of the solar cell.

Thirdly, in addition to these purposes, there is provided a solar heat collector which does not hinder the heating of the roof plate by sunlight and can save the cost for the installation work of the solar cell. Especially.

A fourth object is to provide a solar heat collecting apparatus which simplifies roof construction which is a work at a high place and which can be simply constructed by installing a unit.

[0019]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly arranges a heat collecting plate under a light transmitting plate, and provides a ventilation layer between the heat collecting plate and the heat insulating material. In the solar heat collecting apparatus, the heat collecting plate is formed in a step-like unevenness in which a shape of an inclined plate inclined with respect to the air flow direction and an end plate whose end portion is upward or downward is continuously repeated. In addition, the gist is that a part or all of the heat collecting plate is composed of a solar cell.

Thirdly, fins made of metal or the like having the lengthwise direction of the air flow are provided on the surface of the heat collecting plate facing the ventilation layer, and fourthly, the surrounding frame and the transparent plate are placed on the top. Fifth, the flat box case unit is a plate. Fifthly, the flat box case unit is provided with a duct extending in the width direction at one end in the front-rear direction, and the exhaust side of the air flow path is communicated with this duct. Further, the gist is to connect the ducts to each other when a plurality of units are arranged in parallel.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, for example, when the heat collecting plate is installed on the roof, a large portion of the heat collecting plate is inclined and rises with respect to the air flow direction. Therefore, the inclination is steeper than the roof slope. Therefore, since it is more orthogonal to sunlight, a large heat collection can be obtained.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the solar cell is used as the heat collecting plate, the light transmissive plate is already present at the outermost part of the heat collecting portion, so that the coating of the solar cell can be light. Warm air and power generation can be obtained at the same time. Further, according to the present invention described in claim 3, both the actions of claim 1 and claim 2 can be obtained.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by providing fins made of metal or the like on the surface of the heat collecting plate facing the ventilation layer, the heat transfer area is increased and the air in the ventilation layer is disturbed. The heat exchange efficiency can be improved more than that.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, by using a unit, the roof construction at a high place can be simplified and can be installed quickly and easily, so that the construction cost is low and the work safety is high. In addition, the installation location can be freely selected.

According to the present invention as set forth in claim 6, when it is made into a unit, it is most suitable for arranging and combining a plurality of these units, and it is possible to connect the ducts to each other to provide the unity.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5 show one embodiment of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 24 is a unit made of an iron plate having a frame as its perimeter and a bottom plate, and a closed flat box type case whose upper open part is closed by a transparent plate 26 such as glass as a top plate. A heat collection box is formed by surrounding the inner four peripheries and the bottom with a heat insulating material 25 such as glass wool.

One end of the unit 24 in the front-rear direction (front end)
An air inlet 30 is provided in the bottom plate in the vicinity, and an air outlet 32 is also formed in the side near the one end (rear end) in the front-rear direction. A duct 34 extending in the width direction is provided at the outlet, and the outlet 32 is communicated with the duct 34. The left and right ends of this duct 34 project slightly beyond the width of the unit 24, and a joining flange 34a is formed at the end, and the inner surface is covered with a heat insulating material 25 to form a heat collecting box. Shall be.

Inside the unit 24, a heat collecting plate is provided below the translucent plate 26.
27, but this heat collecting plate 27
Stepped unevenness is formed by continuously repeating a shape including an ascending inclined plate 27a and an end plate 27b whose end is bent so as to descend. It should be noted that the end plate 27b may be combined with a member different from the inclined plate 27a without bending.

The shape of the heat collecting plate 27 can be made more orthogonal to sunlight as the bending distance, that is, the distance between the end plates 27b is narrowed. This bend does not necessarily have to be straight, but can be saw-toothed or corrugated in consideration of airflow. In short, it suffices to mold so that the angle becomes larger with respect to the roof surface gradient.

In the upper and lower voids partitioned by disposing the heat collecting plate 27 in this manner, the upper space is used as the staying air layer 28 and the lower air layer is used as the ventilation layer 29. In the illustrated example, the heat collecting plate in the unit 24 is only the heat collecting plate 27 formed in this step-like unevenness, but as another embodiment, a flat heat collecting plate and the heat collecting plate 27 are combined, A part of the entire heat collecting plate may be constituted by a heat collecting plate 27 formed with step-like irregularities.

First, the parts will be described. FIG. 15 shows a flat bar 35 arranged in the front-rear direction of the unit 24 on the heat insulating material 25 at the bottom, and FIG. 14 shows an angle-shaped support which stands on the flat bar 35. It is a hardware 36. Fig. 13 shows a resistance plate consisting of bent bars with a vertical lower part and an inclined upper part.
At 37, this cuts and raises a part of the lower part horizontally to serve as a stop plate on the flat bar 35. FIG. 15 shows a fin 38 made of an aluminum angle and having a horizontal plate at the upper end. The fins 38 may be a metal other than aluminum or a synthetic resin.

The resistance plates 37 are arranged in the width direction of the unit 24 by being stretched so as to be orthogonal to the flat bar 35, and are arranged at appropriate intervals in the front-back direction of the unit 24.

The heat collecting plate 27 is made of a black-painted steel plate as shown in FIG. 11, which is a downward end plate 27b.
Is fixed to the unit 24 by overlapping and fixing the support metal 36, and the inclined plate 27a is bent upward at the end opposite to the end plate 27b at the tip thereof, and this bent portion is attached to the support metal 36. By stacking, a plurality of sheets can be maintained in a stepwise manner.

On the lower surface of the heat collecting plate 27 facing the ventilation layer 29, the fins 38 are attached with the horizontal plate portion as a joining plate so that the air flow direction is the length direction. Heat collecting plate like this
The fin 38 to be attached to the 27 is suitably made of a metal piece such as aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, and it is necessary to prevent the air flow from being alienated in its shape and attachment processing.

A part or all of the heat collecting plate 27 may be configured by the solar cell 39. An electrode or an amorphous silicon thin film is laminated on the surface of a stainless steel thin plate, and a fluorine resin as a resin coating is laminated on the upper surface of an amorphous silicon solar cell via a filler to form a heat collecting plate 27 as a solar cell module. To do so.

As described above, when the solar cell 39 is used for the heat collecting plate 27, the power generation efficiency is lowered when the heat collecting temperature becomes extremely high, so that the use in the downstream portion is prioritized.

In this case, since power is generated at the same time as heat collection,
Amorphous silicon solar cells having relatively low temperature dependence of power generation efficiency are suitable. When the solar cell is partially used in the downstream part, the heat collection efficiency is lower than that of the black steel plate. Therefore, the heat collection amount can be supplemented by using a selective absorption plate having a higher heat collection effect in the upstream part.

In the above embodiments, an example using an amorphous silicon solar cell has been described, but a crystalline solar cell can be used if it can be bent.

Further, in the present embodiment, in the staying air layer 28 and the ventilation layer 29 partitioned by the heat collecting plate 27, the inflowing air is brought into contact with only the lower air layer. The staying air layer 28 can also be a ventilation layer. In this case, the fins 38 can be attached to both sides of the heat collecting plate 27.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the unit 24 of the closed flat box type case is installed on the roof 31 or the like with the surface of the transparent plate 26 appropriately inclined so that the surface of the transparent plate 26 can receive sunlight easily. In the unit 24, the heat collecting plate 27 is formed as a step-like unevenness that continuously repeats a shape composed of an inclined plate 27a and an end plate 27b that is bent so that the end thereof descends. In this way, the angle can be close to a right angle to the solar radiation.

As another embodiment, it can be installed on the wall surface of the wall 33 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, it can be installed on the ground or on the roof as an independent heat collecting unit in combination with the gantry 40. 8 and 9, the heat collecting plate 27 has an inverted shape with respect to the cases of FIGS.

When a plurality of units are arranged in parallel instead of one unit, the ducts 34 are connected to each other through the joining flange 34a as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to form one long duct. .

In the solar system as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the unit 24 is installed on the roof instead of the solar heat collecting portion of the roof, and the duct 34 communicates with the handling box 5 directly or through the ridge duct 4.

When there is sunlight, it is heated by sunlight and heat collecting plate 27
Rises to a high temperature, but the outside air flows from the air inlet 30 to the unit 24 by the suction force of the fan 7 of the handling box 5.
The heat enters the heat collecting plate 27 to become heated air.

At this time, the air flows along the lower surface of the heat collecting plate 27 having the ventilation layer 29 formed in the stepwise unevenness, but on the leeward side of the resistance plate 37, an air pool is generated as a turbulent air flow, The air thus retained is heated by the metal plate for a sufficient period of time.
Is heated more effectively by the direct heat of sunlight. Part of the air flowing through the ventilation layer 29 flows as it is, and the rest gradually flows after being stored in the air reservoir.

That is, the flow velocity of the portion in contact with the heat collecting plate 27 is increased by the resistance plate 37, the static air film on the surface of the metal plate is drawn out, the heat transfer between the metal plate and the air is enhanced, and the glass etc. By forming a staying air layer 28 below the surface of the transparent plate 26, it has the effect of reducing the heat loss toward the outside air.

The solar cell 39 of the heat collecting plate 27 heated by sunlight generates solar power, and the power is used to drive the fan 7 of the handling box 5 and the backflow prevention damper 6 and the flow path switching damper 8. Furthermore, it can be used as a power source for lighting, cooling, and the like.

In particular, when this amorphous silicon solar cell 39 is used as a drive power source for the fan 7, automatic control such as strong drive of the fan 7 is possible when the solar radiation is strong.

It should be noted that it is not always essential to use factory-made works as a whole unit, and the whole assembly may be performed on site. Further, a unit without the duct 34 may be considered.

[0051]

As described above, the solar heat collecting apparatus according to the present invention can increase the heat collecting efficiency as compared with the conventional one, and furthermore, if it is unitized, the roof work, which is a work at height, can be simplified and simplified. The construction is possible.

Further, it is possible to generate heat at the same time as collecting heat, and there is no need to install a special place for installing the solar cell, and the installation of the solar cell is completed at the same time when the apparatus of the present invention is installed. It can be omitted and the solar cell can be protected from ultraviolet rays and air pollutants.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional side view showing one embodiment of a solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional front view of a main part showing one embodiment of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a plurality of combinations of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a plurality of combinations of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional side view showing one embodiment of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing a first installation example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a second installation example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing a third installation example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a fourth installation example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a heat collecting plate as a solar cell.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a heat collecting plate that is not a solar cell.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a flat bar.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a resistance plate.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a support hardware.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a fin.

FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional side view showing a conventional example of a solar system house.

FIG. 17 is a vertical side view of a conventional solar heat collecting section.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Roof board 2 ... Air flow path 3 ... Outside air intake 4 ... Building duct 5 ... Handling box 6 ... Backflow prevention damper 7 ... Fan 8 ... Flow path switching damper 9 ... Exhaust duct 10 ... Falling duct 11 ... Thermal storage clay concrete 12 ... floor panel 13 ... air circulation space 14 ... floor outlet 15 ... hot water coil 16 ... circulation pipe 17 ... hot water storage tank 18 ... hot water boiler 19 ... circulation duct 20 ... suction port 21 ... hot water supply pipe 22 ... heat insulation layer 23 ... Glass 24 Unit 25 Insulation material 26 Translucent plate 27 Heat collecting plate 27 a Inclined plate 27 b End plate 28 Retained air layer 29 Vent layer 30 Air intake 31 Roof 32 Exit 33 34 ... duct 34a ... joining flange 35 ... flat bar 36 ... support hardware 37 ... resistor plate 38 ... fin 39 ... solar cell 40 ... mount

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A solar heat collector in which a heat collecting plate is arranged under a light-transmitting plate and a ventilation layer is provided between the heat collecting plate and a heat insulating material, the heat collecting plate being inclined with respect to the air flow direction. A solar heat collecting apparatus characterized in that a sloped plate and an end plate of which an end portion is directed upward or downward are formed into a step-like unevenness which is continuously repeated. 2. In a solar heat collector in which a heat collecting plate is arranged under a light transmitting plate and a ventilation layer is provided between the heat collecting plate and a heat insulating material, a part or all of the heat collecting plate is a solar cell. A solar heat collector characterized by being configured. 3. A solar heat collector in which a heat collecting plate is arranged under a light-transmitting plate and a ventilation layer is provided between the heat collecting plate and a heat insulating material, wherein part or all of the heat collecting plate is a solar cell. It is characterized in that the heat collecting plate is formed into a step-like unevenness in which a shape of an inclined plate inclined with respect to the air flow direction and an end plate with its end portion facing upward or downward is continuously repeated. Solar heat collector. 4. A fin made of metal or the like having a lengthwise direction in the direction of air flow is provided on the surface of the heat collecting plate facing the ventilation layer.
The solar heat collector according to claim 3. 5. The solar heat collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the unit is a flat box type case having a frame as a periphery and a transparent plate as a top plate. 6. A unit of a flat box type case is provided with a duct extending in the width direction at one end in the front-rear direction, the exhaust side of an air flow path is communicated with this duct, and the ducts are connected when a plurality of units are arranged in parallel. The solar heat collector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is connected.