JPH0984457A - Indoor culture of lyophyllum decastes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a covering material effective for the artificial culture of Lyophyllum decastes. SOLUTION: In conducting an indoor culture of Lyophyllum decastes, a culture vessel is packed with a medium followed by inoculating spawns into the medium, and the resultant mycelia is spread throughout the vessel to manifest, brown color by maturation; at this time, but prior to formation of the primordia of the fruit bodies, the opening of the vessel is covered with a mixture of broadleaf tree sawdust 0.5-5mm in granular size and pumiceous volcanic gravels or weathered product thereof 0.02-0.2mm in granular size, and the culture is continued, thus developing Lyophyllum decastes.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms. More specifically, fungus scraping and hydration are performed after the hyphae of inoculated inoculum have spread in the cultivation container, and the opening of the cultivation container is further opened. A broad-leaved sawdust with a particle size of 0.5 to 5 mm and a pumiceous volcanic gravel with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm or a mixture of weathered weather is used to continue cultivation and to stably collect a large amount of high quality stakes. The present invention relates to a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji that enables the cultivation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatake shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms of the genus Shimeji, whose fruiting body is similar in form to honshimeji, and are so delicious that they are said to be a saprophytic type of honshimeji, and have an aroma and texture. Mushrooms are a type of saprophytic mushroom, and in autumn, they occur in large numbers in forests, gardens, fields, roadsides, and sometimes even under the floors of houses (Rokuya Imaseki, Tsugio Hongo: New Japanese fungi of primary color). Picture book (1), nursery school, 1987).
In general mushroom cultivation, the “bacterial bed artificial cultivation method” that can be mass-produced on an industrial scale has been established, and products such as oyster mushroom, beech shimeji mushroom, and enoki mushroom are cultivated on the market.

On the other hand, there are outdoor cultivation methods and indoor cultivation methods as artificial cultivation methods for Hatake shimeji mushrooms. In the outdoor cultivation methods, the harvest is once or twice a year, and the cultivation period is long, so that the cultivation is indoor cultivation. Are interested in. The indoor cultivation method includes a method of culturing in a cultivation container filled with a culture medium, and a method of transplanting a fungal bed cultivated in a cultivation bag or the like into a bat-shaped container filled with a mineral substance and culturing.

In the method of cultivating in a cultivation container, a support such as bark compost or sawdust is mixed with rice bran and other nutrients or additives, and the mixture is filled into a cultivation container for sterilization. Inoculate the mushrooms of Hatake shimeji mushroom here and cultivate it in a room where the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain level, and after the hyphae have spread in the cultivation container, the bacteria are scratched and hydrated, and then the opening of the cultivation container is covered with a covering material. After that, cultivation is continued to generate fruiting bodies. In this method, covering the opening of the cultivation container with a covering material is a very important method for generating fruit bodies in a short time, stably and in large quantities, and for harvesting (Patent Literature 5). -15404).

In the method of coating the opening of the cultivation container with such a coating material, the timing of coating is extremely important, the mycelium grown in the cultivation container spreads in the container, and the mycelium changes brown. It is necessary to do this before the mycelia are matured and the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15404). As for the material to be further coated, minerals consisting of fine particles
5-15404 publication), but further, "agar residue" obtained by fermenting and decomposing the hot water insoluble filtration by-product obtained during the agar production process (JP-A-5-168343), sugiogakuzu and pumiceous volcanic gravel. Mixture (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-12420),
Alternatively, a mixture of cedar sawdust and aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, and ferric oxide (Japanese Patent Application No. 61-212121), lower bark compost, and upper sawdust. And pumiceous volcanic gravel mixture (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-169882) are more effective.

[0006] In the conventional cultivation method, although these coating materials were improved, there was a problem that these substances adhered to the fruiting bodies and reduced the commercial value. As an improved method, the present inventors continued the cultivation after covering the opening of the cultivation container with a covering material and then leaving it in a room where the temperature and humidity were kept constant for 1 to 7 days (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7- Four
No. 4), a method for subsequently continuing the cultivation by removing the covering material of the surface layer portion in which the mycelium has not invaded (JP-A-7-4).
(Gazette No. 5) is also proposed.

[0007]

In the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji, the outdoor cultivation method can harvest once a year, or twice in some cases, but the cultivation period is long, and it depends on weather conditions. The yield is unstable, which is a major obstacle to the industry. Although the indoor cultivation method allows year-round cultivation, it is necessary to artificially adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, and it is desired to shorten the cultivation period as much as possible in consideration of energy for this purpose. Furthermore, the covering material to be treated in the cultivation process adheres to fruiting bodies at the time of harvesting, the occurrence of fruiting bodies, and the poor synchronization of harvesting, etc., has been a major obstacle to industrialization. The present invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which improves these drawbacks and enables high-quality Hatake shimeji to be stably harvested.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the indoor cultivation method for Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the present inventors have investigated a method capable of stably harvesting a large amount of Hatake shimeji mushrooms with a higher quality than the methods that have been used so far. As a result, hyphae cultivated in a cultivation container such as a cultivation bottle or a bag spread in the container, brown color was further observed in the hyphae, the hyphae matured, and the primordia of fruit bodies were formed. In the previous period, after the fungus scraping and hydration were performed, the opening of the cultivation container was covered with a mixture of hardwood sawdust and pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering to continue cultivation, resulting in high quality. Generate more Hatake shimeji more stably than before,
Furthermore, the present invention has been completed by finding a cultivation method in which the coating material does not adhere to the harvested fruit body pattern, umbrella, stone ridge, and the like.

According to the present invention, a culture medium is filled in a cultivation container, heat-sterilized, and inoculated with a seed bacterium, and then in the indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms to be cultivated indoors, mycelium of the inoculated seed bacterium spreads in the cultivation container, Furthermore, before the hyphae are matured and the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed before the hyphae become more brownish, the fungus is scratched and hydrated, and the opening of the cultivation container is sized. This is an indoor cultivation method for Hatake shimeji mushrooms, which is characterized by covering with a mixture of 0.5-5 mm hardwood sawdust and 0.02-0.2 mm pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering material and continuing the cultivation.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Materials and cultivation methods used in the present invention will be described in detail below. Cultivation Container As the cultivation container used in the present invention, any one can be used as long as it is generally used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Usually, a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 800 to 1,000 ml is preferably used.

Bark compost or sawdust as a substrate for culture medium was mixed with dry beer lees in an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 5 to 50 and rice bran in a range of 35 to 150 to adjust the water content to 50 to 80%. What is used as a culture medium. The most preferable blending ratio is a mixture of dried beer lees and rice bran with bark compost or sawdust at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 15: 50, and then the water content is adjusted to 67%. Furthermore, if necessary, a mixture of organic components such as bran and inorganic components such as calcium, potassium and aluminum can be used as nutrient sources.

Heat sterilization The heat sterilization of the culture medium can be carried out by an autoclave as is generally done. Usually, sterilization may be performed at a temperature of 120 to 130 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours, but in some cases, sterilization of the culture medium may be strengthened by so-called intermittent sterilization, which is sterilization by heating once and then heating again after a certain period of time.

Coating material and coating method The cultivation medium is filled in a cultivation container, and the cultivation is carried out in a room in which the inoculum is inoculated and the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain temperature. Mycelium of the inoculum grows and spreads in the cultivation container. Staining and hydration are performed before the hyphae mature and the fruit body primordia are formed. And, the opening of the container is made of an inorganic or organic substance that can retain moisture, is highly breathable, and has little adhesion to the fruiting bodies that have formed, or is easy to remove when it adheres. Cover with coating material.

As the coating material, a mixture of hardwood sawdust and pumiceous volcanic gravel is used. As the hardwood sawdust, beech, oak, oak, Japanese oak, poplar and other sawdust can be used, but beech sawdust and oak sawdust are particularly preferred. Pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering is mined from a volcanic pumice layer formed by volcanic activity, and is called miras, miso soil, mullet, shirasu or Kanuma soil depending on the area. It is a thing. Of these, the Kanuma soil that forms the Kanuma pumice stone layer from the ejecta from Mt. Akagi is particularly preferable as the covering material (“Soil Story III”, Nos. 196 to 201).
Page, Geotechnical Society, Soil Story Editing Group, Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1979). Specifically, in the opening of the cultivating container, beech or shavings with a grain size of 0.5 to 5 mm and Kanara soil with a grain size of 0.02 to 0.5 mm were used in a dry weight ratio of 1: 1.
Mixing in the range of 3 to 3 and adjusting the water content to 45 to 55% is applied to a thickness of 1 to 3 cm. Most preferred condition is particle size
0.5 to 3 mm beech sawdust or white shavings and Kanuma soil having a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm are mixed at a dry weight ratio of 1: 2 to adjust the water content to 50%, and then coated to a thickness of 2 cm.

Tissue culture and subculture medium In the present invention, any medium can be used as a medium for cultivating the hyphae of Pleurotus cornucopiae, as long as it is a medium in which a basidiomycete generally grows. For example, "Fungus Research Method" (Kiyo Aoshima,
Edited by Keisuke Tsubaki and Koichiro Miura: pp. 393-408, 1983 6
Any of the media described in Kyoritsu Shuppan (published on January 1) can be used, but particularly preferred examples are media having the compositions shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

Preparation of inoculum [0018] Artificially cultivated Hatake shimeji or wild Hatake shimeji are collected and a part of the tissue is cut off, and tissue culture is performed using, for example, the agar medium shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Aseptic mycelium obtained by repeating subculture of the obtained mycelium was mixed with 100 parts by weight of bark compost (absolutely dry) and dried beer lees 5 to 50
The mixture is mixed at a ratio of parts by weight (absolutely dry), inoculated into a medium whose water content is adjusted to 50 to 80%, and cultured at 20 to 25 ° C for about 30 days to prepare an inoculum. If necessary, rice bran may be added in an amount of 35 to 150 parts by weight (absolutely dry).

Cultivation method A culture medium prepared by mixing bark compost or sawdust, dried beer lees and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 5 to 50:35 to 150 is used to make a polypropylene culture bottle of 800 to 1,000 ml or about 1 liter. Filled in a cultivation bag of 2
It is sterilized for about 3 hours, cooled, and then aseptically inoculated with the inoculum prepared above. After that, when cultivating in a cultivation bottle, it is cultivated for 30 to 90 days in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C and a humidity of 60 to 80%, the hyphae of the inoculum grow and spread in the cultivation container, and further to the hyphae. 1 to 5 hours with the addition of water to the upper end of the mouth of the cultivation bottle, as well as scraping the fungus before the hyphae mature and the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed as the brown color changes. put. Then, the excess water is discarded, and the above-mentioned coating materials, beech trees or beech trees, and Kanuma soil are mixed in an absolute dry weight ratio of 1: 2, and then the water content is adjusted to 50% and coating is performed to a thickness of 2 cm. After culturing this for 1 to 10 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C and humidity of 90 to 100% (RH), remove the covering material of the surface layer where mycelium has not invaded, ℃, humidity 90-95%
(RH), if the cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to 50 to 300 lux, the fruit bodies can be harvested 20 to 35 days after coating.

[0020]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto.

Example 1 Sugiogakuzuku (support) was mixed with dry beer meal and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 15: 50, and a culture medium having a water content adjusted to 67% was cultivated with 850 ml of polypropylene. 620g in bottle
Filled. Then, air was supplied to the whole culture medium in the bottle, and in order to improve the growth of mycelium, a hole having a diameter of 10 mm was made in the culture medium from the mouth of the bottle to the vicinity of the bottom. The bottle was sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C for 3 hours. After the temperature of the culture medium was cooled to 25 ° C. or lower, 15 g of the inoculum of Pleurotus cornucopiae was inoculated in a clean bench and cultured for 60 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C. and humidity of 70% (RH). Then, the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum spreads in the cultivation container, and the mycelia matured after the mycelium became brown and the mycelium matured. went. Further, 40 ml of water was added to replenish the water, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours, and then excess water was removed with the opening facing down. Next, beechwood with a particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm and Kanuma soil with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm were mixed in the opening at an absolute dry weight ratio of 1: 2, and then a coating material with a water content adjusted to 50% was formed with a thickness of 2 cm. Coated. After culturing for 7 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C and humidity of 95% (RH), remove the covering material of the surface layer where hyphae have not invaded, and
Cultivation was continued in a room controlled at ℃, 95% humidity and 200 lux. As a result, in 45 days after inoculation of the inoculum, hyphae spread to the whole bottle, and 113 days after harvest, 113 g of fruiting bodies were free from coating materials and had a good umbrella diameter.

Example 2 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the support of the culture medium was bark compost (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., trade name: Sumirin Yuki) instead of Sugiogakuzu, mycelium was obtained 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum. Spread throughout the bottle and 125 g of fruiting bodies were harvested on day 95.

Example 3 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 except that the covering material was replaced with beech sawdust instead of beech sawdust, the results were cultivated in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. As a result, in the case where Sugiogakudus was used as the support, the mycelium was spread over the entire culture medium 45 days after inoculation of the seeds. , And 115 g of fruiting bodies were harvested on the 100th day. In addition, when bark compost was used as the support, hyphae spread to the entire bottle 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum, and on the 95th day 12
8 g of fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji were harvested.

Example 4 Bark compost or Japanese cedar bark as a support was mixed with dry beer meal and rice bran in the same proportions as in Example 1, and the culture medium adjusted to have a water content of 67% was put in a 1 L cultivation bag. 800g
It was filled and sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
After the temperature of the culture medium has dropped to below 25 ℃, inoculate 20g of inoculum in a clean bench, room temperature 23 ℃, humidity 70% (RH)
The cells were cultured in a room adjusted to. Then, when the hyphae spread to the entire bag, the hyphae became brownish, the hyphae matured, and the upper part of the cultivation bag was cut open at the time when the primordia formation of fruit bodies was not yet observed. A 0.5 to 3 mm beech sawdust and a Kanuma soil with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm are absolutely dry weight ratio 1:
After mixing to 2, a coating with a water content of 50% was coated to a thickness of 2 cm. As a result, when bark compost was used as the support, hyphae spread throughout the culture medium 40 days after inoculation with the inoculum, and 175 g of fruiting bodies were harvested on day 95. In addition, in the case of Sugi sawdust, hyphae spread to the entire culture medium on the 45th day, and 158 g of the fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom was harvested on the 100th day.

Example 5 As a result of being cultivated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the covering material was konara sawdust instead of beech sawdust, 181 g was obtained on the 95th day when the support was bark compost, and when the support was sugi sawdust.
On the 100th day, 162 g of fruiting bodies were harvested.

Comparative Example 1 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the covering material was changed to Sugiogakud instead of beech shrimp, 45 seeds were inoculated.
The hyphae spread all over the bottle by day, and 102 g of the fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom was harvested on the 100th day, but the synchronization was not good and the product value without an umbrella was poor.

Comparative Example 2 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the covering material was changed to Sugiogakud instead of beech shrimp, 40 seeds were inoculated.
The mycelium spread all over the bottle by day, and 110 g of the fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom was harvested on the 95th day, but the commercial value was inferior as above.

Comparative Example 3 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the covering material was changed to Sugiogakuz instead of beech shrimp, when the support was bark compost, the mycelium spread to the entire bottle 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum. On the 95th day, 170 g of the fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom was harvested, and if the support was made of Japanese cedar, the seed inoculum
After 45 days, the hyphae spread all over the bottle, and 150 g of the fruit body of Pleurotus cornucopiae were harvested on the 100th day, but the commercial value was inferior as above.

[0029]

Industrial Applicability As described above, in the method for artificially growing Hatake shimeji mushrooms using indoor cultivation bottles or cultivation bags, hyphae are predominantly spread in the cultivation container, and the hyphae show a change in brown color. When the mycelium matures and the primordia of the fruiting body are formed, the opening has a particle size of 0.
By covering with a mixture of 5 to 5 mm hardwood sawdust and 0.02 to 0.2 mm particle size pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering material, there is no coating material on the fruiting body and the diameter of the umbrella has good synchronization. It has become possible to stably and in large quantities harvest fruit bodies with a high commercial value, which are all available.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A culture medium is filled in a cultivation container, which is sterilized by heating, inoculated with a seed bacterium, and then in a room cultivation of Hatake shimeji cultivated indoors, the mycelium of the inoculated seed bacterium spreads in the cultivation container, and A brown color change is observed in the hyphae, and the hyphae are aged, and before the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed, after the fungus scraping and hydration are performed, the grain size is 0.5 at the opening of the cultivation container. Hardwood sawdust of ~ 5mm and particle size 0.
A method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, characterized by covering with a mixture of 02-0.2 mm pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering and continuing cultivation. 2. The method for indoor cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering is Kanuma soil.