JPH0874A - Cultivation of lyophyllum decastes in room - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently culture Lyophyllum decastes in a room and stably generate fruit body having high commercial value in a short time by filling a culture base in a culture vessel, thermally sterilizing the base, inoculating with seed mycella and treating under specific condition. CONSTITUTION:Lyophyllum decastes is cultured in a room by filling a culture base in a culture vessel, thermally sterilizing the base, inoculating with seed mycelia, raking the mycelia after proliferating the mycelia of the inoculated seed in the culture vessel and before forming the primordium of the fruit body, covering the opening of the culture vessel with a covering material composed of a mixture of cedar sawdust having particle diameter of 0.5-2mm and pumiceous volcanic sand having particle diameter of 0.02-0.2mm such as Kanuma soil and continuing the cultivation of the mushroom.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, and more particularly to a method for indoor cultivating Hatake shimeji of high quality in a stable and short period of time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatake shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms of the genus Shimeji, whose fruiting body is similar in form to honshimeji, and are so delicious that they are said to be a saprophytic type of honshimeji and have a good aroma and texture. This mushroom is a kind of saprophytic mushroom, and it occurs in the forests, gardens, fields, roadsides, and sometimes under the floors of houses, etc. in autumn (Rokuya Imaseki, Tsugio Hongo: A novel Japanese fungus catalog for primary colors). (I), nursery company, 1987).

In general mushroom cultivation, a "fungal bed artificial cultivation method" capable of mass-producing on an industrial scale.
Has been established and products cultivated by this method are on the market. On the other hand, there are outdoor cultivation methods and indoor cultivation methods as the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushrooms. However, in the outdoor cultivation method, the harvest is once or twice a year, and since the cultivation period is long, interest in indoor cultivation is high. Gathered together. The inventors of the present invention used a mixture of bark compost and rice bran as a culture medium in an indoor cultivation method, and consisted of fine particles before the hyphae spread in the cultivation container and the primordia of fruiting bodies were formed. A method of cultivating by covering the opening of a cultivation container with a mineral substance (JP-A-3-244)
No. 320) or a method of culturing by burying a fully-ripened bacterial bed in a vat-shaped container filled with a mineral substance composed of fine particles (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-356133). Further, as a material for covering the opening when the hypha spreads in the cultivation container, "agar residue" obtained by fermentation decomposition of the hot water-insoluble filtration by-product obtained during the agar production process (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-168).
343) and porous inorganic substances (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-313).
No. 627), and plant fibers having a controlled water content (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-296170) have been proposed.

Further, the inventors of the present invention, after covering the opening of the cultivation container with a covering material, leave it in a room where temperature and humidity are kept constant for 1 to 7 days, and then continue cultivation (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-142010 specification), and thereafter, a method of removing the coating material of the surface layer portion where the hyphae have not invaded and continuing cultivation (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-142011 specification) and the like. However, these materials are not necessarily industrially effective because they adhere to the fruit body's handle, umbrella, and stone ridges to reduce the commercial value.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the outdoor cultivation method can harvest once a year, or twice in some cases, but the cultivation period is long, and
The yield is unstable depending on the weather, etc., and these are major obstacles to the industry. Although the indoor cultivation method allows year-round cultivation, it is necessary to artificially control the indoor temperature and humidity, and it is desired to shorten the cultivation period as much as possible in consideration of energy for this purpose. Further, in the conventional indoor cultivation method, the material that covers the opening of the cultivation container at the time of fruit body occurrence adheres to the mushroom pattern, umbrella, stone stake, etc. and reduces the commercial value. It was an obstacle. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which improves these drawbacks and enables high-quality Hatake shimeji to be stably and quickly harvested.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention investigated a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which enables stable and short-term harvest of Hatake shimeji of even higher quality than the methods used up to now. As a result, mycelium cultured in a cultivation container such as a cultivation bottle or a bag spreads in the container,
And after scratching the bacteria before the primordium of the fruiting body is formed, by coating the opening with a mixture of Sugiogakuzu and pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering, and continuing cultivation, high quality The present invention has been completed by finding a cultivation method in which Hatake shimeji mushrooms are stably generated in a shorter period of time than ever before, and a covering material does not adhere to the harvested fruit body pattern, umbrella, stone stub, etc.

That is, the present invention relates to an indoor cultivation method for Haetake shimeji mushrooms in which a culture medium is filled in a cultivation container, which is sterilized by heating, inoculated with an inoculum, and then cultured in a room where the temperature and humidity are constant. After the hyphae of the inoculated inoculum have spread in the cultivation container and before the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed, the fungi are scratched, and then Sugio shavings with a particle size of 0.5 to 2 mm and a particle size of 0.02 to 0. The method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji daisies is characterized by covering an opening of a cultivation container with a covering material made of a mixture of 2 mm of pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathered material and continuing cultivation.

The materials and cultivation methods used in the present invention will be described in detail below. Cultivation Container Any cultivating container used in the present invention can be used as long as it is a culturing container generally used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Usually, it is preferable to use a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 800 to 1,000 ml.

Culture base bark compost, sawdust, agar residue or an equal amount mixture of bark compost and agar residue and rice bran with an absolute dry weight ratio of 10
Mixing in the range of 0:35 to 150 and water content of 50 to 60
What was adjusted to% is used as a culture medium. Further, if necessary, a mixture of organic components such as bran and inorganic components such as calcium and potassium can be used as nutrient sources.

Heat sterilization The heat sterilization of the culture medium can be carried out by an autoclave as is generally done. Usually 120-130
The sterilization may be performed at a temperature of ° C for 2-3 hours, but in some cases, the sterilization of the culture medium may be strengthened by so-called intermittent sterilization, which is heat sterilization once and then heat sterilization again after a certain period of time.

The covering material cultivating vessel is filled with a culture medium, inoculated with the inoculum and cultivated in a room where the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain temperature, and the hyphae of the inoculum grow and spread into the cultivating vessel. Spores are scratched when water drops are seen in the voids and the hyphae are fully ripe. After that, the opening of the container is made of an inorganic or organic substance that can retain moisture, has excellent air permeability, and has little adhesion to the fruiting bodies that have formed, or that can easily be removed when it adheres. Cover the container opening with a coating material. As the coating material, a mixture of Sugiogakuzu and pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering is used. Here, pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering is mined from a volcanic pumice layer formed by erupting volcanic activity, and is called miw sand, miso soil, mullet, shirasu or Kanuma soil depending on the region. Is. Of these, Kanuma soil, which forms the Kanuma pumice stone layer with ejecta from Mt. Akagi, is particularly preferable as the covering material.
III ", pp. 196-201, Geotechnical Society, Soil Story Editing Group, Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1979
Year).

The Sugio scraps used as the coating material are 0.
5 to 5 mm is sieved and Kanuma soil is 5 to 10 mm
0.002-0.5 after crushing
Only those with a diameter of 10 mm are sieved, and the absolute dry weight ratio of both is 10
The mixture is mixed in the range of 0:50 to 600 and the water content is adjusted to 45 to 50% before use. The most preferable condition is 0.5-2 mm
A mixture of Sugiogakuzoku and 0.02-0.2 mm Kanuma soil with an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 480-600 with a water content of 50.
Use the one adjusted to%.

Tissue culture and subculture medium In the present invention, any medium can be used as a medium for cultivating the hyphae of Pleurotus cornucopiae, as long as it is a medium in which basidiomycetes generally grow. For example, "fungal research method" (No. 393-
Although any of the media described in page 408, Kiyoo Aoshima, Keisuke Tsubaki, Koichiro Miura, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1983) can be used, a particularly preferred example is a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

Preparation of inoculum [0014] Artificially cultivated Hatake shimeji or wild Hatake shimeji are collected and a part of the tissue is cut out, for example, tissue culture is performed using the agar medium shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Aseptic mycelium obtained by repeating subculture of the obtained mycelium was mixed with bark compost, sawdust or agar residue and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 20-150, and water content was 50-60%.
The inoculum is prepared by inoculating the medium prepared as described above and culturing at 20 to 25 ° C. for about 30 days.

[0015]

[Table 1]

[0016]

[Table 2]

Cultivation method Burk's compost, sawdust or agar residue and rice bran are mixed at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 35-150, and the culture medium is filled in a polypropylene culture bottle of 800-1000 ml or a culture bag of about 1 l volume. 2 at 120-130 ℃
It is sterilized for about 3 hours, cooled, and then aseptically inoculated with the inoculum prepared above. Then, when cultivating in a cultivation bottle, it is cultivated for 30 to 90 days in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80%, and fungi is scratched at a time before the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed. At the same time, water is added to the upper end of the mouth portion of the cultivation bottle and left for 1 to 5 hours. Then, excess water is discarded, and the opening is coated with a mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Kanuma soil as a coating material to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. After culturing this for 1 to 10 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and humidity of 90 to 100%, room temperature 10 to 10
If cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to a temperature of 20 ° C, humidity of 90 to 95%, and illuminance of 50 to 300 lux, 20 to
It will be possible to harvest fruiting bodies on the 35th.

In the case of a cultivating bag, the seed bag is inoculated and then cultivated for 30 to 60 days in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80% to spread hyphae in the bag and fruit bodies. Before the primordium is formed, the upper portion of the bag is opened, and then the opening is coated with a mixture of Sugiogakusu and Kanuma soil to a thickness of about 1 to 2 cm. This at room temperature 20-2
1 in a room adjusted to 5 ° C and 90 to 100% humidity
After culturing for 7 days, the covering material of the surface layer portion in which hyphae have not invaded is removed, and the room temperature is 10 to 20 ° C and the humidity is 90 to 95.
%, If the cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to have an illuminance of 50 to 300 lux, fruit bodies can be harvested 20 to 35 days after coating.

[0019]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1] An agar residue (21 g absolute dry weight / 100 ml) and bark compost (13 g absolute dry weight / 100 ml) were mixed in an equal volume ratio to rice bran (3: 1 by volume). The weight ratio is 100: 60) and the water content is 58
620 g of the culture medium adjusted to 100% was filled in a polypropylene culture bottle having a capacity of 850 ml. Then, in order to replenish the inside of the bottle with air and to improve the growth of mycelium, the diameter of the culture medium was increased to 10 mm from the mouth of the bottle to near the bottom.
A hole having a size of mm was punched. The bottle was sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. The temperature of the culture medium is 25 ℃
After cooling to the temperature below, inoculate 15g of inoculum in a clean bench and prepare 60 at room temperature 23 ℃ and humidity 70%.
When the hyphae of the inoculum inoculated after incubating for a day spread in the cultivation container and the formation of the primordia of the fruiting bodies was not yet observed, the fungus was scratched. Further, 40 ml of water was added to replenish the water and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours, and then the excess water was removed with the opening facing down. Next, add 0.5-2 mm of Sugiogaku and 0.02
After mixing Kanuma soil of about 0.2 mm with an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 600, the water content is adjusted to 50% and the opening is coated with a thickness of 2 cm. Room temperature 23 ℃, humidity 95
%, After culturing for 7 days in a room adjusted to the condition, after removing the coating material of the surface layer where mycelium has not invaded,
Cultivation was continued in a room where the room temperature was 17 ° C., the humidity was 95%, and the illuminance was 200 lux. As a result, on the 30th day after coating with a mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Kanuma soil, 120g of handle per one cultivation bottle, a high quality fruiting body with no coating material such as umbrellas and stone tips was collected. Was done.

[0020]

[Example 2] As a result of cultivation in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the agar residue (manufactured by Ina Food Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as the support of the culture medium, mycelia were infested 60 days after inoculation of the inoculum, and further, Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil Thirty days after coating with the mixture, high-quality fruiting bodies having 100 g per one cultivation bottle without a deposit such as a coating material on a handle, an umbrella, and a stone foot portion were collected.

[0021]

[Example 3] As the support of the culture medium used in Example 2, bark compost was used in place of the agar residue, and in the other cases, Example 1 was used.
Cultivation was performed in the same manner as. As a result, 100 g per cultivation bottle 30 days after coating with a mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Kanuma soil.
High quality fruiting bodies were collected with no deposits on the handle, umbrella, stone head etc.

[0022]

[Example 4] Agar residue and bark compost were mixed in equal volume ratio (absolute dry weight ratio 62:38), and rice bran was mixed at an absolute dry weight ratio 100: 60 to obtain a water content. The culture medium adjusted to 58% was filled in a 1-liter cultivation bag in an amount of 800 g and sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. After the temperature of the culture medium has dropped to 25 ° C or lower, 15 g of inoculum is inoculated in a clean bench at room temperature of 23 ° C and humidity of 70
After culturing for 60 days in a room adjusted to 100%, the primordia of fruit bodies have not yet been formed, but when the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum has spread sufficiently in the bag, the upper part of the bag is cut open to 0.5 ~ Two
After mixing 100 mm of Sugio shavings with 0.02-0.2 mm of Kanuma soil at 100: 600, the opening was coated with a coating material having a water content adjusted to 50% to a thickness of 2 cm. This is done in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C and humidity of 95%.
After culturing for a day, after removing the covering material of the surface layer where hyphae have not invaded, room temperature 17 ° C, humidity 95
%, The cultivation was continued in a room where the illuminance was adjusted to 200 lux. As a result, on the 30th day after covering with a mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Kanuma soil, 150 g of a high quality fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom having no attachment of coating materials such as a handle, an umbrella and a stone foot was collected.

[0023]

[Embodiment 5] Sugiogakuzuku and rice bran are absolutely dry weight ratio 10
Using 100 parts by weight of the mixture at a ratio of 0: 150, 10 parts of agar residue by absolute dry weight ratio of 10 parts and 5 parts of crab shell by absolute dry weight ratio as a culture medium, the bottle cultivation was carried out. Example 1 Further, in the case of bag cultivation, cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 4. As a result, 1 per bottle for cultivation
00 g, and 150 g per bag, high-quality fruiting bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom were collected without a sticking material such as a handle, an umbrella, and a stone foot portion.

[0024]

Comparative Example 1 In each of Examples 1 to 5, when the covering material was not used, the growth stopped in the state of the primordia of the fruiting bodies, and the harvest was not reached.

[Comparative Example 2] In each of Examples 1 to 5, when Hyuga soil was used as the coating material instead of the mixture of Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil, the yield was similar to that of Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil. The product value was inferior because small pieces of Hyuga soil adhered to the protruding parts.

[Comparative Example 3] When the agar residue was used as the coating material, the yield was similar to that of the mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Kanuma soil,
The agar residue adhered to mushroom patterns, umbrellas, stone heads, etc., and the product value was inferior.

[Comparative Example 4] When only Sugiogakudoku was used as the coating material, mold was generated on the surface of the coating material and normal fruiting bodies were not generated.

[Comparative Example 5] When only Kanuma soil was used as the covering material,
In the case where the particle size was 0.5 mm or less, the air permeability was poor and no fruiting body was observed. Further, when the length was 1 mm or more, normal fruiting bodies were generated, but small pieces of Kanuma soil entered the stock organization, resulting in poor commercial value.

[0025]

As described above, in the method of artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms, which is carried out indoors using the cultivation bottle or the cultivation bag, the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum spreads in the cultivation container, and the primordia of the fruiting body were formed. 0.5 before
~ 2mm size of Sugiogaku and 0.02-0.2m
1: 1 by volume of Kanuma soil of m size (absolute dry weight ratio of 1
00: 600) and then covering the opening of the cultivation container with a mixture having a water content adjusted to 50%,
It has become possible to stably generate fruiting bodies with high commercial value in a short period of time.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, which comprises filling a culture medium in a cultivation container, heat-sterilizing the culture medium, and then inoculating the inoculum, and then cultivating it indoors, the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum spreads in the cultivation container, And after scraping the bacteria before the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed, the sugio shavings with a particle size of 0.5 to 2 mm and the pumiceous volcanic gravel with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm or weathering products thereof are used. An indoor cultivation method for Haetake shimeji mushrooms, characterized by covering the opening of a cultivating container with a covering material comprising a mixture of the above and continuing cultivation. 2. The method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the pumiceous volcanic gravel or its weathering is Kanuma soil.