JPH0919219A - Indoor cultivation of lyophyllum decastes sing. - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for covering effective in artificial cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. SOLUTION: A culture medium is filled in a cultivation container in the indoor cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. An opening of the cultivation container is covered with a bark compost in two layers of the lower part and a mixture of a sawdust with a pumiceous volcanic gravel in the upper part thereof at the time when hyphae of inoculated spawns spread in the cultivation container and a change of a brown color is recognized in the hyphae which are aged and before the formation of primordia of fruit bodies. The cultivation is continued to develop the Lyophyllum decastes Sing. Thereby, fruit bodies having a high merchandise value without any sticking of a covering material thereto can stably be harvested in a large amount.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms. More specifically, fungal hygiene and hydration are performed after hyphae of inoculated inoculum have spread in a cultivation container.
In addition, the lower part of the opening of the cultivation container is bark compost, and the upper part is covered with a mixture of sawdust and pumiceous gravel gravel so that cultivation can be continued and a high-quality Hatake shimeji can be stably harvested in large quantities. It relates to the indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatake shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms of the genus Shimeji, whose fruiting body is similar in form to honshimeji, and are so delicious that they are said to be a saprophytic type of honshimeji, and have an aroma and texture. Mushrooms are a type of saprophytic mushroom, and in autumn, they occur in large numbers in forests, gardens, fields, roadsides, and sometimes even under the floors of houses (Rokuya Imaseki, Tsugio Hongo: New Japanese fungi of primary color). Picture book (1), nursery school, 1987).
In general mushroom cultivation, the “bacterial bed artificial cultivation method” that can be mass-produced on an industrial scale has been established, and products such as oyster mushroom, beech shimeji mushroom, and enoki mushroom are cultivated on the market.

On the other hand, there are outdoor cultivation methods and indoor cultivation methods as artificial cultivation methods for Hatake shimeji mushrooms. In the outdoor cultivation methods, the harvest is once or twice a year, and the cultivation period is long, so that the cultivation is indoor cultivation. Are interested in. The indoor cultivation method includes a method of culturing in a cultivation container filled with a culture medium, and a method of transplanting a fungal bed cultivated in a cultivation bag or the like into a bat-shaped container filled with a mineral substance and culturing.

In the method of cultivating in a cultivation container, a support such as bark compost or sawdust is mixed with rice bran and other nutrients or additives, and the mixture is filled into a cultivation container for sterilization. Inoculate the mushrooms of Hatake shimeji mushroom here and cultivate it in a room where the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain temperature, and after the hyphae have spread in the cultivation container, fungus scratching and hydration are performed, and then the opening of the cultivation container is covered with a covering material. After that, cultivation is continued to generate fruiting bodies. In this method, covering the opening of the cultivation container with a covering material is a very important method for generating fruit bodies in a short time, stably and in large quantities, and for harvesting (Patent Literature 5). -15404).

In the method of coating the opening of the cultivation container with such a coating material, the timing of coating is extremely important, the mycelium grown in the cultivation container spreads in the container, and the mycelium changes brown. It is necessary to do this before the mycelia are matured and the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15404). As for the material to be further coated, minerals consisting of fine particles
5-15404 publication), but further, "agar residue" obtained by fermenting and decomposing the hot water insoluble filtration by-product obtained during the agar production process (JP-A-5-168343), sugiogakuzu and pumiceous volcanic gravel. Mixture (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-12420),
Alternatively, a mixture of cedar sawdust and aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, and ferric oxide (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-12421) is more effective.

[0006] In the conventional cultivation method, although these coating materials were improved, there was a problem that these substances adhered to the fruiting bodies and reduced the commercial value. As an improved method, the present inventors continued the cultivation after covering the opening of the cultivation container with a covering material and then leaving it in a room where the temperature and humidity were kept constant for 1 to 7 days (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7- Four
No. 4), a method for subsequently continuing the cultivation by removing the covering material of the surface layer portion in which the mycelium has not invaded (JP-A-7-4).
(Gazette No. 5) is also proposed.

[0007]

In the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji, the outdoor cultivation method can harvest once a year, or twice in some cases, but the cultivation period is long, and it depends on weather conditions. The yield is unstable, which is a major obstacle to the industry. Although the indoor cultivation method allows year-round cultivation, it is necessary to artificially adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, and it is desired to shorten the cultivation period as much as possible in consideration of energy for this purpose. Furthermore, the covering material to be treated in the cultivation process adheres to fruiting bodies at the time of harvesting, the occurrence of fruiting bodies, and the poor synchronization of harvesting, etc., has been a major obstacle to industrialization. The present invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which improves these drawbacks and enables high-quality Hatake shimeji to be stably harvested.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the indoor cultivation method for Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the present inventors have investigated a method capable of stably harvesting a large amount of Hatake shimeji mushrooms with a higher quality than the methods that have been used so far. As a result, hyphae cultivated in a cultivation container such as a cultivation bottle or a bag spread in the container, brown color was further observed in the hyphae, the hyphae matured, and the primordia of fruit bodies were formed. In the previous period, after sterilizing and hydrating, the lower part of the cultivation container was covered with bark compost, and the upper part was coated with a mixture of sawdust and pumiceous volcanic gravel in two layers to continue cultivation. ,
The present invention has been completed by finding a cultivation method in which more high-quality Hatake shimeji mushrooms are generated more stably than in the past and the coating material does not adhere to the harvested fruit body pattern, umbrella, stone stub, etc.

According to the present invention, a culture medium is filled in a cultivation container, which is sterilized by heating, inoculated with a seed bacterium, and then in the indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which is cultivated indoors, the mycelium of the inoculated seed bacterium spreads in the cultivation container, Furthermore, after the hyphae have become brownish and the hyphae have matured, and before the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed, after the fungus scratches and hydration,
A method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom is characterized in that the lower part of the cultivation container is covered with bark compost and the upper part is covered with a mixture of sawdust and pumice gravels and gravel to continue cultivation.

The materials and cultivation method used in the present invention will be described in detail below. Cultivation Container As the cultivation container used in the present invention, any one can be used as long as it is generally used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Usually, a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 800 to 1,000 ml is preferably used.

A mixture of bark compost or sawdust as a support for culture medium and dry beer lees in an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: to 50 and rice bran in a range of 35 to 150, and a water content adjusted to 50 to 80%. Is used as the culture medium. The most preferable blending ratio is a mixture of dried beer lees and rice bran with bark compost or sawdust at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 15: 50, and then the water content is adjusted to 67%. Furthermore, if necessary, a mixture of organic components such as bran and inorganic components such as calcium, potassium and aluminum can be used as nutrient sources.

Heat sterilization The heat sterilization of the culture medium can be carried out by an autoclave as is generally done. Usually, sterilization may be performed at a temperature of 120 to 130 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours, but in some cases, sterilization of the culture medium may be strengthened by so-called intermittent sterilization, which is sterilization by heating once and then heating again after a certain period of time.

Coating material and coating method The cultivation medium is filled in a cultivation container, and the cultivation is carried out in a room in which the inoculum is inoculated and the temperature and humidity are adjusted to a certain temperature. Mycelium of the inoculum grows and spreads in the cultivation container. At the time before the hyphae matured and the primordia of the fruiting bodies were formed, the fungus scratched and hydrated. And
A coating material made of an inorganic or organic substance that can retain water in the opening of the container, has excellent breathability, and has little adhesion to the fruiting bodies that have formed, or is easy to remove when it adheres. Cover with.

As the coating material, bark compost and a mixture of cedar shavings or beech shavings and pumiceous volcanic gravel are used. Pumiceous volcanic gravels are mined from volcanic pumice layers formed by volcanic activity, and are called miras, miso soil, mullet, shirasu or Kanuma soil depending on the area. Of these, the Kanuma soil that forms the Kanuma Pumice Stone layer from the ejecta from Akagi is particularly preferable as the coating material (“Soil story III,
Pages 196-201, Geotechnical Society, Soil Story Editing Group, Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1979). Specifically, in the opening of the cultivation container, 0.5 to 2 cm of bark compost with a particle size of 1 to 10 mm adjusted to a water content of 50 to 60%.
Of sugiogaku or beechwood with a grain size of 0.5-5 mm and 0.002-0.5 mm of Kanuma soil at the absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 500, and a water content of 45-50.
What is adjusted to% is coated with a thickness of 1 to 3 cm. The most preferred condition is to adjust bark compost with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm to a water content of 60% and then cover it with a thickness of 0.5 cm, and then use cedar or beech trees with a particle size of 0.5 to 2 mm and Kanuma soil with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.2 mm. 50% water content by mixing at a dry weight ratio of 100: 500
After adjusting to 2, coat to a thickness of 2 cm.

Tissue culture and subculture medium In the present invention, any medium can be used as a medium for cultivating the hyphae of Pleurotus cornucopiae, as long as it is a medium in which a basidiomycete generally grows. For example, "Fungus Research Method" (Kiyo Aoshima,
Edited by Keisuke Tsubaki and Koichiro Miura: pp. 393-408, 1983 6
Any of the media described in Kyoritsu Shuppan (published on January 1) can be used, but particularly preferred examples are media having the compositions shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

Preparation of inoculum [0018] Artificially cultivated Hatake shimeji or wild Hatake shimeji are collected and a part of the tissue is cut off, and tissue culture is performed using, for example, the agar medium shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Aseptic mycelium obtained by repeating subculture of the obtained mycelium was mixed with 100 parts by weight of bark compost (absolutely dry) and dried beer lees 5 to 50
The mixture is mixed at a ratio of parts by weight (absolutely dry), inoculated into a medium whose water content is adjusted to 50 to 80%, and cultured at 20 to 25 ° C for about 30 days to prepare an inoculum. If necessary, rice bran may be added in an amount of 35 to 150 parts by weight (absolutely dry).

Cultivation method A culture medium prepared by mixing bark compost or sawdust with dried beer lees and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 5 to 50:35 to 150 is used to prepare a polypropylene culture bottle of 800 to 1,000 ml or a volume of about 1 L. After sterilizing at 120 to 130 ° C. for about 2 to 3 hours and cooling this, the inoculum prepared above is inoculated aseptically. After that, when growing in a cultivation bottle,
Room temperature 20 to 25 ℃ and humidity 60 to 80% in the room adjusted to 30 ~
After culturing for 90 days, the hyphae of the inoculum grow and spread in the cultivation container, and the hyphae show a brown color change before the hyphae mature and the primordia of the fruiting bodies are formed. The bacteria are scratched, water is added to the upper end of the mouth of the cultivation bottle, and the mixture is left for 1 to 5 hours. Then, the excess water is discarded, and the above-mentioned coating material bark compost (water content 60%) is coated on the opening to a thickness of 0.5 cm. Furthermore, a mixture prepared by adding 500 parts by weight of Kanuma soil (absolutely dry) to 100 parts by weight of Sugiogakuzuku or beech sawdust (absolutely dry) is adjusted to a water content of 50% and coated to a thickness of 2 cm. Room temperature 20-25 ℃,
After culturing in a room controlled to a humidity of 90 to 100% (RH) for 1 to 10 days, remove the coating material on the surface layer where mycelium has not invaded, room temperature 10 to 20 ° C, humidity 90 to 95% ( RH), illuminance 50-30
If you continue cultivation in a room adjusted to 0 looks conditions,
Fruit bodies can be harvested 20 to 35 days after coating.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Sugiogakuzuku (support) was mixed with dry beer meal and rice bran at an absolute dry weight ratio of 100: 15: 50, and a culture medium having a water content adjusted to 67% was cultivated with 850 ml of polypropylene. 620g in bottle
Filled. Then, air was supplied to the whole culture medium in the bottle, and in order to improve the growth of mycelium, a hole having a diameter of 10 mm was made in the culture medium from the mouth of the bottle to the vicinity of the bottom. The bottle was sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C for 3 hours. After the temperature of the culture medium was cooled to 25 ° C. or lower, 15 g of the inoculum of Pleurotus cornucopiae was inoculated in a clean bench and cultured for 60 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C. and humidity of 70% (RH). Then, the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum spreads in the cultivation container, and further, the brown color of the mycelium became visible and the mycelium matured, and the fungal scratches were removed at the time when the primordia formation of fruiting bodies was not yet observed. went. Further, 40 ml of water was added to replenish the water, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours, after which the opening was removed to remove excess water. Next, the opening was covered with bark compost (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., trade name: Sumirin Yuki) with a water content adjusted to 60% to a thickness of 0.5 cm so that the mycelium surface could not be seen. Kanuma soil with an absolute dry weight ratio of 10
After mixing at 0: 500, the water content was adjusted to 50% and a coating of 2 cm was applied. After continuously culturing this for 7 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C and humidity of 95% (RH), remove the covering material of the surface layer where mycelium has not invaded,
Cultivation was continued in a room controlled at ℃, 95% humidity and 200 lux. As a result, 45 days after inoculation of the inoculum, hyphae spread over the entire bottle, and at 100 days, 122 g of fruit bodies with no coating material attached to fruit bodies were harvested.

Example 2 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the support of the culture medium was bark compost (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., trade name: Sumirin Yuki) instead of Sugiogakuzu, mycelium was obtained 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum. Spread throughout the bottle, and on day 95, 143 g of fruiting bodies were harvested.

Example 3 As a result of culturing in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 except that the coating material was changed to beech tree instead of beech tree, as a result, when the tree plant was used, hyphae were formed on the entire culture medium 45 days after inoculation of the seeds. It spread and on day 100, 130 g of fruiting bodies were harvested. When bark compost was used as the support, hyphae spread throughout the bottle 40 days after seed inoculation, and 157 g
Fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom were harvested.

EXAMPLE 4 Dry beer lees and rice bran were mixed in the same ratio as in Example 1 to the Sugiogakuzuku or bark compost as a support, and the culture medium adjusted to have a water content of 67% was put in a 1 L cultivation bag. 800g
It was filled and sterilized by autoclaving at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
After the temperature of the culture medium had dropped to 25 ° C. or lower, 20 g of inoculum was inoculated in a clean bench and cultured in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C. and humidity of 70%. And mycelium spread all over the bag,
Furthermore, when the hyphae show a brown color change and the hyphae mature and the primordia formation of fruiting bodies is not yet observed, the upper part of the cultivation bag is cut open and bark compost (water content 60%).
Was coated on the surface of mycelium to a thickness of 0.5 cm, and on top of that was mixed Sugiogakudoku and Kanuma soil at a dry weight ratio of 100: 500, and the water content was adjusted to 50% with a thickness of 2 cm. Coated. As a result, when bark compost was used as the support, hyphae spread throughout the culture medium 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum, and 206 g of fruit bodies were harvested on the 95th day. In addition, in the case of Sugiogakusu, hyphae spread throughout the culture medium on the 45th day, and on the 100th day, 195 g of the fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom was harvested.

Example 5 As a result of being cultivated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the covering material was changed to beech wood instead of beech wood, the result was 245 g on the 95th day when the support was bark compost and 100 when the wood was sawdust.
On the day 220g fruit bodies were harvested.

Comparative Example 1 A culture medium using Sugiogakuzuku or bark compost as a support was used.
It was filled in an 850 ml cultivation bottle and the cultivation method was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and bark compost or a mixture of cedar sawdust or beech sawdust and Kanuma soil was used alone as a coating material. When the support is sugi sawdust and the covering material is bark compost, the mycelium spread throughout the bottle 45 days after seed inoculation, and 176 g of fruit bodies were harvested on day 100, but the black bark compost was an umbrella, The product value was inferior because it adhered to the stalks and stone tips. Also, in the case of a mixture of Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil
102g on day 100, or 1 for beech wood and Kanuma soil
On day 00, 113g of fruiting bodies were harvested. On the other hand, when using bark compost as the support, hyphae spread throughout the bottle 40 days after inoculation of the inoculum, and when covered with bark compost, 145 g of support was harvested on the 95th day. Similarly, the commercial value is inferior. In the case of the mixture of Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil, 110 g of the fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom were harvested on the 95th day and on the 95th day of the mixture of the beech sawdust and Kanuma soil.

Comparative Example 2 The same cultivation method as in Example 4 was applied to a 1 L cultivation bag with the same culture medium and covering method as in Comparative Example 1. When Sugi sawdust was used as the support, hyphae spread to the entire cultivation bag on the 45th day, and 178 g of fruit bodies were harvested on the 100th day when the bark compost was covered. However, the coating material adhered to the surface of the fruiting body, resulting in a poor commercial value. In addition, in the case of a mixture of Sugiogakuzuku and Beechgrass and Kanuma soil, in the case of a mixture of Sugiogakuzu 100 days after inoculation,
150 g, and 158 g of beech trees were harvested. On the other hand, when the support was bark compost, hyphae spread throughout the bag on day 40, and on day 95 when bark compost was applied.
208 g of fruiting bodies were harvested. However, the coating material adhered to the surface of the fruiting body, resulting in a poor commercial value. 170g of the mixture of Sugiogakuzu and Kanuma soil and 175g of Beuna sawdust and Kanuma soil were harvested on the 95th day.

Industrial Applicability As described above, in the method for artificially growing Hatake shimeji mushrooms using indoor cultivation bottles or cultivation bags, hyphae are predominantly spread in the cultivation container, and the hyphae show a change in brown color. By ripening the hyphae before the formation of primordia of fruiting bodies, the opening is covered with two layers of bark compost at the bottom and the upper part with a mixture of sawdust and pumice gravels. , It has become possible to stably and in large quantities harvest fruit bodies with high commercial value, which have no adherence of coating materials to the fruit bodies.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation medium is filled in a cultivation container, which is sterilized by heating, inoculated with a seed bacterium, and then in the indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which is cultivated indoors, the mycelium of the inoculated seed bacterium spreads in the cultivation container, and Before the hyphae matured and the primordia of the fruiting bodies formed before the hyphae began to show a brown color change, the fungus was scratched and hydrated, and the lower part of the cultivation container was barked. A method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, characterized by covering the upper part of a compost with a mixture of sawdust and pumiceous volcanic gravel and continuing the cultivation.