JP3085332B2 - Indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake mushrooms. More specifically, the present invention relates to an indoor cultivation method capable of stably harvesting high-quality Hatake shimeji mushrooms in a short period of time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatakeshimeji is a mushroom of the genus Shimeji, and its morphology is similar to that of Honshimeji mushroom. It is so delicious that it is said to be a saprophytic type of Honshimeji mushroom, and is an edible mushroom with good aroma and texture. Hon mushrooms are a kind of saprophytic mushrooms, and occur in large numbers in the forest, gardens, fields, roadsides, etc., and sometimes under the floors of houses, etc. in autumn (Rokuya Imagoseki, Tsuguo Hongo: Japanese New Fungi Illustrated Book) (I), Kindergarten, 1987).

[0003] The artificial cultivation method of the present mushroom is an "outdoor cultivation method" in which a fungus bed is buried outdoors and generated under natural conditions, and an "indoor cultivation method" in which the mushroom is generated in a bag or bottle in a room where the temperature and humidity are controlled. There is. In the `` outdoor cultivation method '', a culture medium in which rice bran or calcium as a nutrient is added to a sawdust or bark compost as a support is packed in a cultivation bag, and the mycelium is cultured for a certain period of time in a room where the temperature and humidity are adjusted. This is a method of preparing a fungal bed, embedding it in a broad-leaved forest or in a well-ventilated place in the shade, and waiting for natural occurrence after 6 to 12 months (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-135174, Report of Fukushima Forestry Experimental Station; 1
9, 94-95, 1986). This cultivation method is a method of growing mycelium under outdoor natural conditions, so the occurrence time may be the rainy season depending on the case, but most are limited to autumn, and this should be artificially controlled. Is impossible. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the period from the implantation of the bacterial bed to the occurrence of fruiting bodies is long.

[0004] On the other hand, in the "indoor cultivation method", a culture medium obtained by adding rice bran, chicken manure, mulch, ash, etc. to sawdust or bark compost is packed in a cultivation bag or a polypropylene cultivation bottle, and a separately cultured inoculum is inoculated. It is cultivated in a room where the room temperature, humidity and the like are controlled under certain conditions. In the case of "bag cultivation" using a cultivation bag in the indoor cultivation method, cut the upper part of the bag when the mycelium has completely spread in the bag and the formation of the primordium of the fruiting body can be seen, and the opening A method has been devised to cover the seeds with vermiculite by about 1 cm to generate fruiting bodies (Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Exp. Stn., 17:
95-96, 1984). However, this method has a drawback that it takes 7 to 8 months from inoculation of the inoculum to harvesting.

In the case of a method using a cultivation bottle,
A method has also been devised in which after the mycelium is cultured for a certain period of time, the fungus is scraped, further irrigated with cold water, left to stand all day and night, and then the excess water is discarded, and cultivation is continued again to generate fruiting bodies (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-169913). According to this method, harvesting is possible in 50 to 60 days after inoculation of the inoculum, but the reproducibility is uncertain and its utility value in industry is extremely low.

[0006]

In the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji, the outdoor cultivation method can be harvested once a year, and sometimes twice a year, but the cultivation period is long, and it depends on the weather and the like. The yield is unstable, and these are major obstacles for industry. The indoor cultivation method can be cultivated all year round, but it is necessary to artificially adjust the temperature and humidity in the room, and it is desired to shorten the cultivation period as much as possible in consideration of energy for this. Furthermore, the occurrence is uncertain in the conventional indoor cultivation method,
This was a major obstacle in promoting the industrialization of indoor cultivation.

It is an object of the present invention to improve these drawbacks and to propose a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which enables stable and short-term harvest of high-quality Hatake shimeji.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have previously used a mixture of bark compost and rice bran as a culture medium for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms. Cultivation by covering the opening of the cultivation container with a mineral consisting of (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-244320) or culturing by embedding a ripe bacterial bed in a vat-shaped container filled with mineral containing fine particles. A method (Japanese Patent Application No. 3-8000) was proposed. Furthermore, a method (Japanese Patent Application No. 3-343815) was developed in which the agar residue obtained by fermenting and decomposing the hot water-insoluble filtration by-product obtained during the agar production process was coated on the opening of the cultivation vessel.

[0009] The present inventors have studied a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms, which is capable of stably harvesting Hatake-shimeji mushrooms of higher quality than conventional methods. When the mycelium cultivated in a cultivation container such as a bag spreads sufficiently in the container and becomes ripe,
By covering the opening with a plant fiber material whose water content was adjusted to 50 to 80%, it was found that high-quality Hatakeshimeji can be generated more stably and in a shorter time than before. Completed the invention.

That is, the method for indoor cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms according to the present invention comprises filling a culture medium into a cultivation container, sterilizing the heat-treated medium, inoculating a seed fungus, and then cultivating indoors. The method is characterized in that the cultivation is continued by covering the opening of the cultivation container with a material made of plant fiber whose water content is adjusted to 50 to 80% when the mycelium of the inoculated seed fungus spreads in the cultivation container. is there.

Hereinafter, the materials and cultivation methods used in the present invention will be described in detail. Cultivation container The cultivation container used in the present invention may be any cultivation container generally used for artificial mushroom cultivation. Usually, it is preferable to use a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 800 to 1000 ml. Culture medium A bark compost, sawdust or agar residue and rice bran are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 1 to 5: 1, and a mixture obtained by adjusting the water content to 50 to 65% is used as a culture medium. Furthermore, if necessary, as a nutrient source, bran, organic components such as corn cob,
What mixed inorganic components, such as calcium and potassium, can be used. Heat sterilization The heat sterilization of the culture medium can be performed by an autoclave as generally performed. Normally, sterilization may be performed at a temperature of 120 to 130 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours.
The sterilization of the culture medium may be strengthened by so-called intermittent sterilization, in which heat sterilization is performed once, then a predetermined time is elapsed, and heat sterilization is performed again. Coating material As the material that covers the opening of the container when the hypha grows and spreads sufficiently in the cultivation container, it is made of plant fiber that can retain moisture, has excellent air permeability, and has poor nutrition. The material is valid. Examples of such materials include the following. Sphagnum: Sphagnum is a plant belonging to algae that grows on wetlands and humus soils in various places.
P912, Hokurikukan, 1965), also called peat moss (Encyclopedia, 355 pages, June 28, 1985, Heibonsha). In the present invention, it is preferable to use what is called sphagnum moss for horticulture, which is obtained by collecting natural and artificially cultivated ones and drying them. After sufficiently absorbing water, supersaturated water is removed, and the water content is 55 to 80%. Use as Cellulose-based foam: A cellulose sponge (trade name: MicroCube, manufactured by Biomaterials Co., Ltd.) obtained by chemically treating a high-purity pulp obtained from wood, adding a crystal to form pores, and heating and coagulating the resultant. : Fiberm, manufactured by Sakai Engineering Co., Ltd.). After absorbing this enough, remove the supersaturated water,
Used with a water content of 60-80%. Cellulose pulp: Pulp produced by chemically or mechanically treating wood is used. After allowing this to absorb enough water, supersaturated water is removed and the water content is 60-80%.
Use as Corn cob: Corn corn is dried and ground to a particle size of 0.4 to 3 mm (trade name: corn cob mill, sales agency: Hokuto Sangyo). After sufficiently absorbing water, supersaturated water is removed and the water content is reduced. Use as 70-80%. Medium for Tissue Culture and Subculture As the medium used for cultivating Hatake mushroom mycelium in the present invention, any medium can be used as long as it is generally a medium in which basidiomycetes grow. For example, the "fungi research method"
Any of the media described in Keisuke Tsubaki and Koichiro Miura, pp. 393-408, published on June 1, 1983, Kyoritsu Shuppan can be used, and particularly preferred examples are shown in Table 1 or Table 2. It is a medium of composition.

[0012]

[Table 1]

[0013]

[Table 2]

Preparation of inoculum Artificially cultivated Hatakeshimeji or wild Hatakeshimeji is collected, a part of the tissue is cut out, and tissue culture is performed using, for example, an agar medium shown in Table 1 or Table 2. Aseptic hypha obtained by repeating subculture of the obtained hypha was mixed with bark compost or sawdust or agar residue and rice bran at a volume ratio of 3 to 7: 1, and the water content was adjusted to 50 to 60%. The medium is inoculated and cultured at 20 to 25 ° C. for about 30 days to produce a seed. Cultivation method Bark compost, sawdust or agar residue and rice bran are mixed in a volume ratio of 3 to 5: 1, and the culture medium is filled into a polypropylene 800-1000 ml cultivation bottle or a cultivation bag having a volume of about 1 L. After sterilization at 130 ° C. for about 2 to 3 hours, and after cooling, the inoculum is inoculated aseptically with the previously prepared inoculum.

After that, when cultivating in the cultivation bottle,
After cultivating for 30 to 90 days in a room adjusted to 20 to 25 ° C and a humidity of 60 to 80%, the bacteria are scratched, and water is added to the upper end of the mouth portion of the cultivation bottle and left for 1 to 5 hours. Next, the excess water is discarded, and the opening is covered with a material made of plant fiber, which has been sufficiently absorbed and adjusted to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. If the cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to the conditions of room temperature of 10 to 20 ° C, humidity of 90 to 95%, and illuminance of 50 to 300 lux, 20
The fruiting body can be harvested on the 35th.

In the case of cultivation in a cultivation bag, after inoculating the inoculum, the cells are cultured in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80% for 30 to 60 days. After the hypha has spread in the bag in this manner, the upper portion of the bag is opened, and then the opening is covered with a water-prepared material made of plant fiber to a thickness of about 1 to 2 cm. If cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to room temperature of 10 to 20 ° C., humidity of 90 to 95%, and illuminance of 50 to 300 lux, fruiting bodies can be harvested 20 to 35 days after covering.

[0017]

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. Example 1 A mixture of equal amounts (volume) of agar residue and bark compost was mixed with rice bran at a volume ratio of 3: 1 to reduce the water content.
The culture medium adjusted to 58% was filled into a 850 ml polypropylene cultivation bottle with 620 g. Then, in order to supply air to the entire inside of the bottle and improve the growth of mycelia, a hole having a diameter of 10 mm was made in the culture medium until the bottle reached from the mouth to the bottom, and then the bottle was removed. The solution was autoclaved at 120 ° C. for 3 hours and sterilized. After sterilization, medium temperature is 25 ℃
Allow to cool to below, inoculate 15 g of inoculum in a clean bench, and adjust the room temperature to 23 ° C and humidity 70%.
Cultured for 60 days. As a result, the mycelium spread sufficiently in the cultivation bottle, and further, water droplets became visible in the voids of the culture medium in the container, and the mycelium was ripe.

At this time, the bacteria are scratched, and hydration is further performed.
After adding 40 ml of water and leaving it for 2 hours, put the opening down.
To remove excess water. Next, horticultural fruits with a moisture content of 65%
The opening is 2 cm thick with sponge (hereinafter called sphagnum)
And adjusted to room temperature 17 ° C, humidity 95%, illuminance 200 lux
Cultivation was continued in the knotted room. As a result, sphagnum
On the 30th day after overturning, 120 g of grouper per cultivation bottle
A fruit body of Keshimeji was collected.Example 2 Same as Example 1 except that the support of the culture medium was agar residue
As a result, the bacteria spread 60 days after inoculation.
And 30 days after covering with sphagnum moss, one cultivation bottle was hit.
100 g of fruiting bodies were collected.Example 3 Same as Example 1 except that the support for the culture medium was bark compost.
As a result of cultivation in the same way, one
100 g of fruiting bodies were collected per cultivation bottle. Example 4 Agar residue and bark compost mixed in equal volume (by volume)
Then, further mix rice bran at a ratio of 3: 1 by volume,
800 g of a culture medium adjusted to a water content of 58% in a 1-liter cultivation bag
Filled and autoclaved at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to sterilize.
After the temperature of the culture medium has dropped to 25 ° C or less,
Inoculate 15 g of inoculum in a bench, room temperature 23 ° C, humidity 70%
And cultured for 60 days in the prepared room. Then cut the top of the bag
Open it up and make the opening 2cm thick with sphagnum moss with a moisture content of 65%
, Room temperature 17 ℃, humidity 95%, illuminance 200 lux
Cultivation was continued in a room adjusted to. As a result, sphagnum
On the 30th day after covering with the seedling, 150 g of the fruit body of Hatake Shimeji
Was collected.

When agar residue and bark compost were used alone as a support for the culture medium, the agar residue and the bark compost were also used after coating with sphagnum.
On the day, 110 g of fruit bodies were collected from the agar residue and 120 g from the bark compost. Example 5 Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that a cellulosic foam having a water content of 70% (trade name: MicroCube, manufactured by Biomaterials) was used as the coating material.
As a result, the development period after the coating and the yield of fruiting bodies were the same as in Examples 1 to 4. Example 6 Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that a cellulose pulp having a water content of 70% (hardwood bleached kraft pulp: LBKP) was used as a coating material. As a result, the development period after the coating and the yield of fruiting bodies were the same as in Examples 1 to 4. Example 7 Except for using corn cob with a moisture content of 80% (trade name: corn cob mill, sales agency: Hokuto Sangyo) as a coating material,
Cultivation was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4. As a result, the development period after the coating and the yield of fruiting bodies were the same as in Examples 1 to 4. Comparative Example 1 In each of Examples 1 to 7, when the coating material was not used, the growth stopped in the primordium, and the harvest did not occur. Comparative Example 2 In each of Examples 1 to 7, in the case of using black and white instead of vegetable fiber as the coating material, the yield was the same as that of vegetable fiber, The black me was attached to the part and the commercial value was inferior. Comparative Example 3 In each of Examples 1 to 7, when the agar residue was used as the coating material, the yield was the same as that of the plant fiber, but the agar residue adhered to the stoned portion compared to the plant fiber. And the commercial value was inferior.

[0020]

As described above, in the artificial cultivation method of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms using a cultivation bottle or a cultivation bag indoors, according to the present invention, when the hyphae spread in the cultivation container, the water content is reduced to 50 to 80. By covering the opening of the cultivation container with the plant fiber prepared to a high percentage, it became possible to generate a large amount of fruiting bodies having high commercial value.

[0021]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Ota 24-9 Nojonocho, Kameyama-shi, Mie Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Kameyama Laboratory, Forestry and Tree Breeding Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Kumi Morikawa, Nome- reward in Kameyama-shi, Mie 24-9 Nomachi Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Forest Tree Breeding Laboratory Kameyama Laboratory (56) References JP-A-3-244320 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/04

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cultivation container is filled with a culture medium, which is heat-sterilized, inoculated with a seed fungus, and then, in an indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji, which is cultivated indoors, a hypha of the inoculated seed fungus spreads in the cultivation container. 50-80% moisture content when
A method for indoor cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms, characterized by covering the opening of a cultivation container with a material made of plant fiber prepared in advance and continuing cultivation.