CN108812061A - A kind of hickory chick culture medium, preparation method and applications - Google Patents
A kind of hickory chick culture medium, preparation method and applications Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812061A CN108812061A CN201810804831.2A CN201810804831A CN108812061A CN 108812061 A CN108812061 A CN 108812061A CN 201810804831 A CN201810804831 A CN 201810804831A CN 108812061 A CN108812061 A CN 108812061A
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- hickory chick
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hickory chick culture mediums, preparation method and applications.For hickory chick culture medium of the present invention based on parts by volume, the hickory chick culture medium includes following components：23~43 parts of sawdust, 25~45 parts of bluish dogbane osseous granules, 18~20 parts of wheat, 10~12 parts of fertile soil, 1~2 part of lime, 1~2 part of gypsum and 0.05~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water content of the hickory chick culture medium are 60%~70%.Culture medium of the present invention has save the cost, shortens incubation time, improves the effect of hickory chick nutritive value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungi field of planting, in particular to a kind of hickory chick culture medium, preparation method and its answer
With.
Background technique
Hickory chick, Morehella esculenta, foremost delicious food bacterium in sac fungus, cap part is contained different
7 kinds of leucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine amino acid needed by human.Hickory chick
" it is mild-natured, sweet in flavor, have the function of that beneficial stomach, digestion help food, phlegm-eliminiating and qi-regulating, kidney tonifying, establishing-Yang, cerebrum tonifying, refresh oneself, to it is weakness of the spleen and the stomach,
Indigestion, abundant expectoration shortness of breath, dizzy insomnia have good therapeutic effect.With the rapid development of economy, society is to hickory chick
Demand is doubled and redoubled, and hickory chick plantation has vast potential for future development.
Currently, hickory chick cultivation is a novel industry, although the cultivated area of hickory chick is constantly expanding, big
All there is weak link in the technical research of hickory chick Commercial Growers and production practices of scale, do not form a kind of kind of maturation
Implant model.In addition, the price of facility required for hickory chick field production and strain is much higher than common agricultural, there are continuous croppings
Problem on obstacle, there are greater risks for hickory chick cultivation.How production cost is reduced, avoided risk, alleviating continuous cropping obstacle is production
Middle urgent problem.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hickory chick culture medium, and the culture medium has save the cost, shortens
Incubation time improves the effect of hickory chick nutritive value.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of prior culture media, and the method is easy to operate, property
Valence is than high, suitable large-scale production.
The third object of the present invention is to provide application of the prior culture media in culture hickory chick, and application used can reduce
The toxigenic capacity of hickory chick and time, and improve the yield of hickory chick.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
A kind of hickory chick culture medium, based on parts by volume, the hickory chick culture medium includes following components：Sawdust 23~43
Part, 25~45 parts of bluish dogbane osseous granules, 18~20 parts of wheat, 10~12 parts of fertile soil, 1~2 part of lime, 1~2 part of gypsum and phosphoric acid
0.05~0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen, the water content of the hickory chick culture medium is 60%~70%.
Current existing hickory chick culture medium is the solid medium based on sawdust, on the one hand, with sawdust resource
In short supply, the cost of culture medium rises steadily, and on the other hand, cultivates hickory chick using solid spawn, needs to make original seed, cultivation
Kind, the production cycle is longer, and the nutritive value of hickory chick is difficult to be obviously improved.
In view of this, the present invention provides aforementioned hickory chick culture medium, the hickory chick culture medium is replaced with bluish dogbane osseous granules
Part sawdust.Firstly, bluish dogbane is annual fibre crops, bluish dogbane cultivation period is short, and biomass is big, replaces part wood with bluish dogbane bone
Bits, can alleviate cultivate wood raw material it is in short supply, effective protection ecological environment.Secondly, the crude fibre and crude protein content of bluish dogbane bone are high
(content of cellulose 30%-47%, crude protein content is 10% or so), with quality is loose, water imbibition is extremely strong, not hardened, saturating
The preferable physical characteristic of gas, the present invention use it with sawdust, wheat, fertile soil, lime, gypsum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate collocation,
Its water content is adjusted to 60%~70%, gained culture medium can be inoculated with liquid spawn, save original seed making link, and bacterium
The silk speed of growth is fast, can substantially reduce cultivation period, and the total protein of the hickory chick obtained by culture medium culture of the present invention,
The content of total amino acid and glutamic acid significantly increases, and the content of fat and carbohydrate declines, and improves sheep on the whole
The quality of tripe bacterium.
In some specific embodiments, based on parts by volume, the hickory chick culture medium includes following components：Sawdust
27.5 parts, 40 parts of bluish dogbane osseous granules, 20 parts of wheat, 10 parts of fertile soil, 1 part of lime, 1.5 parts of gypsum and 0.1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
The water content of the hickory chick culture medium is 65%.
In some specific embodiments, the partial sizes of the bluish dogbane osseous granules is 2~5mm, for example, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or
5mm。
In some specific embodiments, the bluish dogbane osseous granules banked up before preparing culture medium fermentation and/or
It prewets in advance.
In some specific embodiments, the sawdust is banked up fermentation before preparing culture medium and/or is shifted to an earlier date pre-
It is wet.
The invention further relates to the preparation methods of aforementioned hickory chick culture medium, the described method comprises the following steps：By each component
It mixes in proportion, adds water and stirs, adjust the water content of the culture medium to 60%~70%.
In some specific embodiments, the bluish dogbane osseous granules first carry out banking up fermentation (preferably, institute before mixing
The time for stating fermentation is 4~7 days) and/or prewet in advance.
In some specific embodiments, the sawdust (preferably broad-leaf forest sawdust) first carries out banking up hair before mixing
It ferment and/or prewets in advance.
In some specific embodiments, the wheat is dipped to the slight white heart with limewash before mixing or without white
The heart.
In some specific embodiments, the method also includes carrying out sterilization treatment to the culture medium, it is preferable that
The sterilization treatment includes：In 121 DEG C of 1.5~2h of sterilizing, after sterilizing, it is cooled to room temperature.
The invention further relates to application of the prior culture media in culture hickory chick.
In some specific embodiments, the application specifically includes following steps：Use prior culture media culture sheep
The cultivar of tripe bacterium, gained cultivar is sowed to field, after cultivating a period of time, is supplemented prior culture media as exogenous nutrition
To field, after cultivating a period of time, the exogenous nutrition is removed, carries out management of producing mushroom until harvesting.
In some specific embodiments, the culture of the cultivar is specifically included：By 10~15mL bacterium solution/0.7kg
Hickory chick liquid spawn is seeded in the culture medium by the inoculum concentration of culture medium, and culture is protected from light at 20~23 DEG C to mycelium
The culture medium is covered with to get the cultivar.
In some specific embodiments, the supplement of the sowing and exogenous nutrition is specifically included：By the cultivar
The fungus block of 1.0~1.5cm size is made, sows that (preferably, the field is to field by 125~150kg/ mus of application rate
Flood land woods), 3~5cm of earthing, then overlay film or lid grass are pressed after culture 14~20 days using the culture medium as exogenous nutrition
750~900kg/ mus of amount is supplemented to field, continues to remove external source battalion after culture covers with the exogenous nutrition to mycelia
It supports.
In some specific embodiments, the management of producing mushroom includes：(1) it when temperature is 4 DEG C~8 DEG C, adjusts empty
Gas relative humidity is to 85%~95%, soil moisture content to 20%~30%, and carries out including the irradiation of scattering light and thermal stimulation
(preferably, the thermal stimulation includes for mushroom processing of urging inside：Closing on daytime mushroom shed heats, and temperature is made to rise to 10-12 DEG C,
It is aeration-cooling that night raises mushroom shed)；(2) child care is carried out to the former base of generation, prevents injury of the low temperature to former base；(3) with son
The formation and development of entity, by air humidity control 80%~90%, soil moisture content control is 20%~25%, temperature control
System keeps divulging information at 12~20 DEG C；(4) after the sporophore growth of hickory chick is mature (preferably, fructification no longer increases,
Cap ridge and pit rib are wide clearly demarcated, and meat is thick and solid, and has strong hickory chick fragrance), that is, it is harvested.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) bluish dogbane is annual crop, is easy cultivation, and biomass is high；Bluish dogbane bone is renewable resource, and source is rich
Richness, it is low in cost.Cultivation matrix of the present invention is lower compared with conventional substrate formulation cost.
(2) the bluish dogbane bone after fermenting is with quality is loose, water imbibition is extremely strong, not hardened, the preferable physical characteristic of gas permeability.
Cooperation uses liquid spawn, and mycelium germination speed is fast, and germination point is more, and the entire production of hybrid seeds period relatively uses solid spawn to cultivate mould
Formula shortens close to 50%.
(3) flood land cultivation under woods hickory chick is utilized, in the case where keeping yield, steel canopy investment can be saved per acre
3000 yuan or more, and hickory chick continuous cropping obstacle is effectively relieved.
(4) Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore obtained using culture medium of the present invention and cultural method is best in quality, and high egg is presented
White, compared to control the characteristics of low fat, homoamino acid, protein content is high by 21.4%, and fat content ratio compares 2.4 times low, carbon
For hydrate content than compareing low 38.9%, amino acid content is high by 47.6%, it is necessary to which amino acid content is improved than control
26.6%, content of glutamic acid is high by 65.2%, and quality has the promotion of highly significant.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products obtained can be bought by city.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of cultural method of hickory chick, the method specifically includes following steps：
(1) field arranges
Site preparation is carried out according to the arrangement mode of planting tree.Weeds are cleaned out, quick lime or plant ash are applied, are adjusted
Miscellaneous bacteria pest in pH value and killing soil, is turned over large-scale rotary cultivator or agricultural Cultivator, finally, compartment of having ditched, so as to
Draining and pedestrian.Building for sunshade is carried out as support using trees itself on the field handled well later.
(2) prepared by cultivar
1) feedstock processing
The bluish dogbane bone of collection is dried, the particle that partial size is 3mm is ground into.The bluish dogbane osseous granules prepared are banked up into fermentation
5d afterwards.Weed tree sawdust uses the hardwood sawdust after banking up fermentation.Sawdust is prewetted in advance together with bluish dogbane osseous granules using preceding, wheat
It needs to be impregnated with limewash in advance before grain use, until the slight white heart or being advisable without the white heart.
2) prepared by cultivation matrix
The formula of culture medium is as follows, and the culture medium is composed of the following components：27.5 parts of sawdust, bluish dogbane osseous granules 40
Part, 20 parts of wheat, 10 parts of fertile soil, 1 part of lime, 1.5 parts of gypsum and 0.1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the hickory chick culture medium
Water content is 65%.
Preparation method is as follows：Each component is mixed in proportion, add water and stir and adjusts containing for the culture medium
Culture substrate is fitted into polypropylene bacterium bag by water using automatic packer, and useful load is 700g/ bags, and charge laggard horizontal high voltage
Sterilizing, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1.5h after sterilizing, are placed in clean cooling chamber, are cooled to room temperature.
4) inoculated and cultured
Liquid spawn is inoculated in bacterium bag in aseptic inoculation room, inoculum concentration is 15mL/ bags.After the completion of inoculation, it is placed in
Cultural hypha room is protected from light culture, and room temperature is 22 DEG C, and 20d or so can cover with bacterium bag, use as cultivar.
(3) sowing and feed supplement
When autumn air temperature drops to 20 DEG C or less, sowed in river shoal forest land.Strain is crumbed to diameter 1.5cm size
Strain block is broadcasted sowing by 125kg/ mus of strain amount on the compartment face put in order, after planting earthing 3-5cm.Later carry out overlay film or
Person covers grass operation, plays the role of heat and moisture preserving.After planting 15d or so, carries out exogenous nutrition bag feed supplement processing, and useful load is
500g/ bags.The feeding bag as substrate formula of external source is consistent with cultivar, after the designated port of sterilized exogenous nutrition bag side, according to per acre
The be averaged standard of 1700 exogenous nutrition bags of ground is uniformly buckled and is placed on the face of compartment.Feed supplement one month or so, mycelia covered with external source battalion
Bag is supported, removes exogenous nutrition bag later.
(4) management of producing mushroom
After temperature gos up to 4-8 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 85%-95%, soil moisture content to 20%-30%
Between, and it is scattered light irradiation and thermal stimulation, closing on daytime mushroom shed heats, and so that temperature is risen to 10-12 DEG C, night raises
Mushroom shed is aeration-cooling, increases the temperature difference and carries out that mushroom is urged to handle.After former base occurs, the child care work of former base is carried out, prevents and treats low temperature to original
The injury of base.With the formation and development of fructification, keep between air humidity 80%-90%, soil moisture content to 20%-
25%, temperature is kept for 12-20 DEG C, and is divulged information in right amount.When the fructification of hickory chick no longer increases, cap ridge and pit rib exterior feature divide
Bright, meat is thick and solid, when having strong hickory chick fragrance, can be harvested.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides the method using solid spawn mode plantation hickory chick, and the method is inoculated with former with test tube species
Kind, original seed inoculation cultivating bag production cultivar is included the following steps using field production technology：
Field arranges and builds with sunshade
The soil is porous, Li Shui for selection, the flat field of topography, cleared up the agricultural waste material of weeds in field and a upper season, and applied
It spreads quick lime or plant ash and kills miscellaneous bacteria pest, compartment of having ditched, to drain and pedestrian.Referring to vegetables on the field handled well
Greenhouse carries out building sunshade, and with diameter 2.5cm light steel tube, sunshade intermediate altitude is 2.5m, both sides height 1.5m, width
8m, length 70m.Shading treatment is carried out using the sunshade net of shading rate 15%.
Strain preparation
Strain preparation flow and conventional edible fungi seemingly, make parent species, original seed and cultivar.Parent species use PDA culture medium.
Original seed is as cultivar formula used：67.5 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of wheat, 10 parts of fertile soil, 1 part of lime, 1.5 parts of gypsum and phosphorus
0.1 part of acid dihydride potassium, the water content of the hickory chick culture medium is 65%.The processing of the raw materials such as sawdust, pack and sterilization process
It is consistent with embodiment 1.Transfer after parent species 6d long is good original seed, original seed grow 25d long it is good after, switching cultivar.Cultivar needs 24d
It is used after left and right length is good.
Subsequent sowing, feed supplement and management of producing mushroom process are same as Example 1.
Experimental example 1
The present embodiment is that embodiment 1 and comparison is respectively adopted for trying strain with six younger sister hickory chicks with 5 mu of planting scale
1 the method for example plants six younger sister hickory chicks, contains to each substance in the preparation cost of the two, growth cycle and six younger sister hickory chicks
Amount is compared, and specific testing result is as shown in the table.
According to result shown in table 1 it is found that production of hybrid seeds period, embodiment 1 are considerably shorter than comparative example 1 (28d, 47.5%).Per acre
Facility input cost, embodiment 1 save 3200 yuan than comparative example 1.Biological yield embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 do not have significance difference
Not.The Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore quality that embodiment 1 is cultivated is substantially better than comparative example 1, and high protein, low fat, amino acid content is presented
High feature.Protein content improves 21.4% than comparative example 1 in fresh goods, and fat content ratio comparative example 1 is 2.4 times low, carbon water
Compounds content lower than comparative example 1 38.9%, total amino acid content improves 47.6% than comparative example 1, it is necessary to which amino acid contains
Amount improves 26.6% than comparative example 1, and content of glutamic acid improves 65.2% than comparative example 1.It can be seen from the above that the present invention makes use of red
Boon cultivates the promotion that hickory chick quality has highly significant.
Table 1
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, but those skilled in the art should understand that：Its
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features
It is equivalently replaced；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention skill that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hickory chick culture medium, which is characterized in that based on parts by volume, the hickory chick culture medium includes following components：Wood
Consider 23~43 parts, 25~45 parts of bluish dogbane osseous granules, 18~20 parts of wheat, 10~12 parts of fertile soil, 1~2 part of lime, gypsum 1~2 to be worth doing
Part and 0.05~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water content of the hickory chick culture medium is 60%~70%.
2. hickory chick culture medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the partial size of the bluish dogbane osseous granules be 2~
5mm。
3. the preparation method of the described in any item hickory chick culture mediums of claim 1~2, which is characterized in that the method includes
Following steps：Each component is mixed in proportion, is added water and stirred, adjusts the water content of the culture medium to 60%~70%.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the bluish dogbane osseous granules are first banked up before mixing
It ferments (preferably, the time of the fermentation is 4~7 days) and/or prewets in advance；The sawdust (preferably broad-leaf forest sawdust) exists
It first carries out banking up fermentation before mixing and/or prewet in advance；The wheat is dipped to the slight white heart or nothing with limewash before mixing
Bai Xin.
5. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 3~4, which is characterized in that the method also includes to the training
It supports base and carries out sterilization treatment, it is preferable that the sterilization treatment includes：In 121 DEG C of 1.5~2h of sterilizing, after sterilizing, it is cooled to
Room temperature.
6. application of any one of claim 1~2 culture medium in culture hickory chick.
7. application according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the application specifically includes following steps：It is wanted using right
The cultivar of any one of 1~2 culture medium culture hickory chick is sought, gained cultivar is sowed to field, after cultivating a period of time,
It is supplemented to field using any one of claim 1~2 culture medium as exogenous nutrition, after cultivating a period of time, is removed described
Exogenous nutrition carries out management of producing mushroom until harvesting.
8. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the culture of the cultivar specifically includes：By 10~15mL
Hickory chick liquid spawn is seeded in the culture medium by bacterium solution/0.7kg culture medium inoculum concentration, and training is protected from light at 20~23 DEG C
It supports to mycelium and covers with the culture medium to get the cultivar.
9. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the supplement of the sowing and exogenous nutrition specifically includes：When
After temperature is down to 20 DEG C or less, the cultivar is made to the fungus block of 1.0~1.5cm size, by 125~150kg/ mus of sowing
Amount sowing is cultivated 14~20 days to field (preferably, the field is flood land woods), 3~5cm of earthing, then overlay film or lid grass
Afterwards, it is supplemented to field by 750~900kg/ mus of amount using the culture medium as exogenous nutrition, continues culture to mycelia and covers with institute
After stating exogenous nutrition, the exogenous nutrition is removed.
10. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the management of producing mushroom includes：(1) when temperature is 4 DEG C~8
DEG C when, adjust relative air humidity to 85%~95%, soil moisture content to 20%~30%, and carry out including that scattering light irradiates
(preferably, the thermal stimulation includes with the mushroom processing of urging including thermal stimulation：Closing on daytime mushroom shed heats, and increase temperature
To 10-12 DEG C, it is aeration-cooling that night raises mushroom shed)；(2) child care is carried out to the former base of generation, prevents injury of the low temperature to former base；
(3) in the formation and growth course of fructification, by air humidity control 80%~90%, soil moisture content is controlled 20%
~25%, temperature is controlled at 12~20 DEG C, and keeps divulging information；(4) (preferably, sub after the sporophore growth of hickory chick is mature
Entity no longer increases, and cap ridge and pit rib are wide clearly demarcated, and meat is thick and solid, and has strong hickory chick fragrance), that is, it is adopted
It receives.
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| CN111165264A (en) * | 2019-12-01 | 2020-05-19 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | Morchella strain bag cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20181116 |