JPH09500161A - 不均一系触媒を使用する環状エーテルの重合、及び解重合 - Google Patents
不均一系触媒を使用する環状エーテルの重合、及び解重合Info
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- JPH09500161A JPH09500161A JP7504610A JP50461095A JPH09500161A JP H09500161 A JPH09500161 A JP H09500161A JP 7504610 A JP7504610 A JP 7504610A JP 50461095 A JP50461095 A JP 50461095A JP H09500161 A JPH09500161 A JP H09500161A
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/08—Saturated oxiranes
- C08G65/10—Saturated oxiranes characterised by the catalysts used
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- C07D307/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/40—Polyesters derived from ester-forming derivatives of polycarboxylic acids or of polyhydroxy compounds, other than from esters thereof
- C08G63/42—Cyclic ethers; Cyclic carbonates; Cyclic sulfites; Cyclic orthoesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/52—Polycarboxylic acids or polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G63/56—Polyesters derived from ester-forming derivatives of polycarboxylic acids or of polyhydroxy compounds other than from esters thereof
- C08G63/58—Cyclic ethers; Cyclic carbonates; Cyclic sulfites ; Cyclic orthoesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/6856—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
- C08G65/20—Tetrahydrofuran
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/266—Metallic elements not covered by group C08G65/2648 - C08G65/2645, or compounds thereof
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/337—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing other elements
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 一種以上のオキシラン、オキセタン、テトラヒドロフラン、オキセパン、 1,3−ジオキソラン又は1,3,5−トリオキサンを、ストロンチウム、バリ ウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、希土類金属、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフ ニウム、クロム、モリブデン、タンタル、レニウム、鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウ ム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金、銀、金、亜鉛、カドミウム、水 銀、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、ツリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛 、ヒ素、アンチモン及びビスマスから成る群から選ばれた金属カチオンを含むゼ オライト、並びにカルボン酸無水物、ハロゲン化アシル及びその水中pKaが約 6未満であるカルボン酸から成る群から選ばれた促進剤と接触させることを含ん で成る、環状エーテルの重合方法。 2. 前記環状エーテルが一種以上のテトラヒドロフラン、オキセパン、1,3 −ジオキソラン又は1,3,5−トリオキサンである、請求の範囲第1項に記載 の方法。 3. 前記環状エーテルが式: [式中、 nは2又は4であり、そして 各々のR1、R2、R3及びR4は、独立に、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を 含むヒドロカルビルである] から成る、請求の範囲第2項に記載の方法。 4. R1、R2、R3及びR4のすべてが水素である、請求の範囲第3項に記載の 方法。 5. 式中nが2であり、そして式中R1、R2の一つ、R3及びR4の両方が水素 であり、そして残りのR2が1〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルである、請求の 範囲第3項に記載の方法。 6. 前記金属カチオンが、ストロンチウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、希 土類金属、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル 、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、レニウム、鉄、ルテニウム、パラジウム 、銅、金、亜鉛、スズ又はビスマスである、請求の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 7. 前記金属カチオンが、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、ジスプロシウム、 エルビウム、ネオジム、ランタン、ミッシュメタル、スカンジウム又はジルコニ ウムである、請求の範囲第6項に記載の方法。 8. 前記促進剤が、その水中pKaが約6以下であるカルボン酸である、請求 の範囲第1項に記載の方法。 9. 前記カルボン酸が、ギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、アクリル酸、メタク リル酸、シアノ酢酸、ニトロプロピオン酸、及びニトロ安息香酸から成る群から 選ばれる、請求の範囲第8項に記載の方法。 10. 一種以上のオキシラン、オキセタン、テトラヒドロフラン、オキセパン 、1,3−ジオキソラン又は1,3,5−トリオキサンを、その表面に結合した 金属ペルフルオロアルキルスルホネートを含む不均一系触媒[ここで前記金属は 、ストロンチウム、バリウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、希土類金属、チタ ン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、クロ ム、モリブデン、タンタル、レニウム、鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム 、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金、銀、金、亜鉛、カドミウム、水銀、アルミニ ウム、ガリウム、インジウム、ツリウム、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛、ヒ素、アン チモン及びビスマスから成る群から選ばれる]、並びにカルボン酸無水物、ハロ ゲン化アシル及びその水中pKaが約6未満であるカルボン酸から成る群から選 ばれた促進剤と接触させることを含んで成る、環状エーテルの重合方法。 11. 前記環状エーテルが一種以上のテトラヒドロフラン、オキセパン、1, 3−ジオキソラン又は1,3,5−トリオキサンである、請求の範囲第10項に 記載の方法。 12. 前記環状エーテルが式: [式中、 nは2又は4であり、そして 各々のR1、R2、R3及びR4は、独立に、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素原子を 含むヒドロカルビルである] から成る、請求の範囲第11項に記載の方法。 13. R1、R2、R3及びR4のすべてが水素である、請求の範囲第12項に記 載の方法。 14. 式中nが2であり、そして式中R1、R2の一つ、R3及びR4の両方が水 素であり、そして残りのR2が1〜4個の炭素原子を含むアル キルである、請求の範囲第12項に記載の方法。 15. 前記金属カチオンが、ストロンチウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、 希土類金属、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタ ル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、レニウム、鉄、ルテニウム、パラジウ ム、銅、金、亜鉛、スズ又はビスマスである、請求の範囲第10項に記載の方法 。 16. 前記金属カチオンが、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、ジスプロシウム 、エルビウム、ネオジム、ランタン、ミッシュメタル、スカンジウム又はジルコ ニウムである、請求の範囲第15項に記載の方法。 17. 前記促進剤が、その水中pKaが約6以下であるカルボン酸である、請 求の範囲第10項に記載の方法。 18. 前記不均一系触媒支持体がアルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミン酸塩、 炭素又はジルコニアである、請求の範囲第10項に記載の方法。 19. 式 −[CHR1CR2R3CR2R3CHR4O]− [式中、各々のR1、R2、R3及びR4は、独立に、水素、又は1〜20個の炭素 原子を含むヒドロカルビルである] の一以上の繰り返し単位から本質的に成るポリマーを、その表面に結合した金属 ペルフルオロアルキルスルホネートを含む不均一系触媒[ここで前記金属は、ス トロンチウム、バリウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、希土類金属、チタン、 ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、クロム、モリブデン、タンタル、レニウム、鉄、ル テニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金、銀、金、亜 鉛、カドミウム、水銀、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、ツリウム、ゲル マニウム、スズ、 鉛、ヒ素、アンチモン及びビスマスから成る群から選ばれる]と約100℃〜約 250℃の温度で接触させることを含んで成る、ポリエーテルからテトラヒドロ フランへの解重合方法。 20. R1、R2の一つ、R3及びR4の両方が水素であり、そして残りのR2が 1〜4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルである、請求の範囲第19項に記載の方法。 21. 前記金属カチオンが、ストロンチウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、 希土類金属、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタ ル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、レニウム、鉄、ルテニウム、パラジウ ム、銅、金、亜鉛、スズ又はビスマスである、請求の範囲第19項に記載の方法 。 22. R1、R2、R3及びR4のすべてが水素である、請求の範囲第19項に記 載の方法。 23. 前記不均一系触媒支持体がアルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミン酸塩、 炭素又はジルコニアである、請求の範囲第19項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US9311993A | 1993-07-16 | 1993-07-16 | |
US08/093,119 | 1993-07-16 | ||
PCT/US1994/007590 WO1995002625A2 (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1994-07-14 | Polymerization/depolymerization catalyst for polyethers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH09500161A true JPH09500161A (ja) | 1997-01-07 |
Family
ID=22237282
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP7504610A Ceased JPH09500161A (ja) | 1993-07-16 | 1994-07-14 | 不均一系触媒を使用する環状エーテルの重合、及び解重合 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (3) | EP0708794B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH09500161A (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100323176B1 (ja) |
DE (3) | DE69424316T2 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2139088T3 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG52641A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995002625A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2008063391A (ja) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエーテルの製造方法 |
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DE19702787A1 (de) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-07-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
DE19817676A1 (de) * | 1998-04-21 | 1999-10-28 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur aufarbeitungsfreien Herstellung langkettiger Polyetherpolyole |
WO2002070186A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Procede de liaison par frottement/brassage, materiau plat pour formage plastique et corps de type manchon a extremite fermee |
FR2925515A1 (fr) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-26 | Bluestar Silicones France Soc | Composition organopolysiloxanique vulcanisable a temperature ambiante en elastomere et nouveaux catalyseurs de polycondensation d'organopolysiloxanes. |
US8809491B2 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2014-08-19 | INVISTA North America S.à r.l. | Depolymerization of oligomeric cyclic ethers |
ES2772299T3 (es) * | 2014-11-20 | 2020-07-07 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Politetrametileno éter glicol, método para su producción, elastómero de poliéster y poliuretano |
US9815808B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-11-14 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Recovery of monomer from polyurethane materials by depolymerization |
Family Cites Families (12)
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GB1211973A (en) * | 1968-04-18 | 1970-11-11 | Mobil Oil Corp | Polymerization with zeolitic catalysts |
US3842019A (en) * | 1969-04-04 | 1974-10-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Use of sulfonic acid salts in cationic polymerization |
JPS5232677B2 (ja) * | 1972-12-29 | 1977-08-23 | ||
US4202964A (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1980-05-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for reducing oligomeric cyclic ether content of a polymerizate |
JPS60109584A (ja) * | 1983-11-17 | 1985-06-15 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ポリオキシテトラメチレングリコ−ルの解重合方法 |
DE3606479A1 (de) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-03 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyoxibutylenpolyoxialkylenglykolen mit enger molekulargewichtsverteilung und vermindertem gehalt an oligomeren cyclischen ethern |
JPH0713140B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-02 | 1995-02-15 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | ポリオキシアルキレングリコ−ルおよび、または環式ポリアルキレンエ−テルの解重合方法 |
IT1226550B (it) * | 1988-07-29 | 1991-01-24 | Enichem Anic Spa | Processo di oligomerizzazione selettiva di olefine e nuovo catalizzatore per tale processo. |
US5102849A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-04-07 | Shell Oil Company | Supported rare earth and phosphorus catalyst |
JPH0616805A (ja) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-25 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | ポリオキシテトラメチレングリコ−ルジエステルの製造方法 |
EP0665859B1 (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 2002-01-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymerization of cyclic ethers using selected metal compound catalysts |
EP0686167B1 (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1998-07-08 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Copolymerization of tetrahydrofurans and cyclic anhydrides |
-
1994
- 1994-07-14 WO PCT/US1994/007590 patent/WO1995002625A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-07-14 DE DE69424316T patent/DE69424316T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-14 EP EP94923920A patent/EP0708794B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-14 EP EP98204328A patent/EP0903365B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-14 KR KR1019960700181A patent/KR100323176B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-14 SG SG1996007260A patent/SG52641A1/en unknown
- 1994-07-14 JP JP7504610A patent/JPH09500161A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-14 KR KR1020017010610A patent/KR100325965B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-14 ES ES94923920T patent/ES2139088T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-14 DE DE69420845T patent/DE69420845T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-14 DE DE69432086T patent/DE69432086T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-14 EP EP96202116A patent/EP0750000B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-14 ES ES96202116T patent/ES2147343T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008063391A (ja) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエーテルの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69424316T2 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
DE69420845T2 (de) | 2000-04-20 |
EP0750000A3 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
KR960703965A (ko) | 1996-08-31 |
EP0708794B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
EP0708794A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
KR100325965B1 (ko) | 2002-03-07 |
SG52641A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
EP0750000A2 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
WO1995002625A3 (en) | 1995-05-26 |
ES2147343T3 (es) | 2000-09-01 |
KR100323176B1 (ko) | 2002-06-26 |
ES2139088T3 (es) | 2000-02-01 |
EP0903365B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
EP0750000B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
EP0903365A3 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
DE69420845D1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
EP0903365A2 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
DE69432086T2 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
DE69424316D1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
DE69432086D1 (de) | 2003-03-06 |
WO1995002625A2 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
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