JPH0942715A - Ice thermal storage apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the ice packing ratio by generating ice having high density by quick freezing in a short time by utilizing cheap midnight service of electricity. SOLUTION: A porous vertical tube 5 having many refrigerant exhaust holes 5a is installed vertically in an ice thermal storage tank 1 containing water therein, and cooling medium 2 insoluble in water cooled via a refrigerator 4 is injected from the holes 5a of the tube 5 to be brought into direct contact with water 6 contained in the tank 1 to generate ice.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ice heat storage device that uses latent heat of melting ice as a cold heat source for cooling a building in summer, for example. The present invention relates to an ice heat storage device capable of producing high-ice ice in a short time and achieving a high ice filling rate (high IPF).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in a relatively large-scale air conditioning system in, for example, an industrial plant or a building, a heat storage air conditioning system using nighttime electric power, which is inexpensive, is often introduced.

This contributes to the stable supply of electric power by reducing the electric power demand at the peak of the daytime air-conditioning load and increasing the electric power demand at the time of the night off-peak hours, and the economical operation of the electric power equipment. It is something to try.

Further, the economical operation of the electric power equipment can meet the social demand for suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide gas and protecting the environment. Further, in this type of heat storage air-conditioning system, there is a demand for an ice heat storage device which is excellent in safety and economy, targeting cooling loads in summer.

On the other hand, there are roughly two methods for producing ice in such an ice heat storage device. That is, there are an indirect heat exchange system (static system) and a direct heat exchange system (dynamic system).

First, the indirect heat exchange system has a heat transfer tube for ice making in an ice heat storage tank, and a low temperature cooling medium (hereinafter simply referred to as a refrigerant) is circulated inside or outside the heat transfer tube. In this way, ice is generated outside or inside the heat transfer tube.

In this indirect heat exchange system, when ice is generated in the heat transfer tube by using an antifreeze liquid such as ethylene glycol or Freon as a refrigerant, the ice itself increases as the thickness of the ice increases. Because of the low thermal conductivity of, the heat transfer from the refrigerant to the ice is reduced. Therefore, since the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered, there is a problem that the efficiency of the refrigerator for cooling the refrigerant is reduced.

Therefore, in order to avoid such a problem, if a large number of heat transfer tubes are arranged in the ice heat storage tank to suppress the thickness of ice and improve the efficiency of the refrigerator, the increase in the heat transfer tubes is increased. Only the filling rate of ice will decrease.

In addition, when the ice is thawed, non-uniformity occurs in the way that the ice that has landed is thawed, and some portions cannot be thawed. Then, when icing on the heat transfer tube again, icing starts from the remaining icing part, so the thicker part becomes thicker and finally the ice and ice come into contact with each other, causing the heat transfer tube to bend or be damaged. There is a risk of accidents such as

On the other hand, in the direct heat exchange system, a water-insoluble refrigerant is jetted into water as a heat transfer refrigerant, and the refrigerant and water are brought into direct contact with each other to cool the water in the descending process of the refrigerant in water. The ice-making method of icing all or part of it, or the supercooling method of cooling water to -3 degrees Celsius and hitting it with an impact plate or the like through an ice-making cylinder to generate ice is a sherbet-like ice. It is easy to thaw, but has a lower ice filling factor (IPF) than the dense ice of the indirect heat exchange system described above.

By the way, in this type of heat storage air conditioning system, since the cooling load in the summer is targeted, there is a case where the cold heat stored during about two hours at the peak of the daytime air conditioning load must be released all at once. However, a technology for storing ice at a high density that can be quickly thawed at a low cost during the night becomes an issue.

However, in the above-described static ice making method of the indirect heat exchange method having a high density, not only it takes time to generate ice, but also the space in the ice making tank is narrowed, which reduces the filling rate of ice. Leads to.

Further, in the dynamic ice making method of the direct heat exchange method, which is characterized by producing ice in a sherbet state, the ice can be generated immediately, but at the top of the ice, the pressure is generated by the buoyancy of the ice below it. Receiving, the volume ratio of ice is 5
Although it is about 0%, at the bottom of the stored ice, since there is no pressure, the volume ratio of ice decreases.

That is, in the dynamic ice making method, there is a problem that the ice filling rate of the heat storage water tank is low even though continuous ice making can be performed at any time, and in the static ice making method, ice having a high density can be formed. There is a problem that the space for piping causes a decrease in the ice filling rate and it is difficult to thaw.

[0015]

As described above, the conventional ice heat storage device has a problem in that it cannot generate ice having a high density and the ice filling rate is low. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ice heat storage device capable of achieving a high ice filling rate by producing ice with high density in a short time by rapid freezing by using cheap electric power at night.

[0016]

In order to achieve the above object, first, in the invention corresponding to claim 1, in an ice heat storage device using latent heat of melting ice as a cooling heat source for cooling, Inside the ice heat storage tank containing water, a vertical porous tube having a large number of refrigerant ejection holes is installed vertically, and a cooling medium that is insoluble in water cooled through a refrigerator is used as a refrigerant for the vertical vertical tube. Ice is generated by being ejected from the ejection holes and directly contacting the water contained in the ice heat storage tank.

Therefore, in the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to claim 1, a cooling medium that is insoluble in water is used, and the refrigerant is blown out from the refrigerant ejection hole (nozzle) of the vertical vertical pipe provided in the ice heat storage tank. Cooling medium is cooled through a refrigerator, and the cooling medium is jetted into the ice heat storage tank and cooled by directly contacting with water in the ice heat storage tank to generate high density static ice in the ice heat storage tank. , Can store ice.

Further, in the invention corresponding to claim 2, in the ice heat storage device of the invention according to claim 1, a cooling medium having a temperature of 0 ° C. or less is jetted from the refrigerant jet holes of the perforated vertical pipe to obtain the cooling medium. It is gradually frozen from the interface with water, and as the ice grows from the interface, the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical pipe are sequentially clogged, so that it moves to the refrigerant ejection hole at the tip of the perforated vertical pipe and the density is high. The ice layers are generated sequentially from the interface.

Therefore, in the ice heat storage device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the water-insoluble cooling medium is cooled to 0 ° C or less (for example, -7 ° C to -9 ° C) via the refrigerator. By ejecting the cooled cooling medium directly into the ice heat storage tank, water and the cooling medium come into direct contact with each other, freezing begins there, and the cooled cooling medium is further cooled onto the ice. It is possible to flow and thicken the ice layer and generate high-density ice, so that the ice filling rate can be improved.

Further, a plurality of refrigerant ejection holes are formed in the vertical direction in the vertical vertical pipe, and the cooling medium ejection position is sequentially moved upward in accordance with the ice layer. Can be made even thicker.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, in the ice heat storage device of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the cooling medium is prevented from being jetted more than necessary into the inside of the vertical vertical pipe. Alternatively, a refrigerant ejection control means for controlling the refrigerant ejection portion so as not to freeze is provided.

Here, in particular, as the refrigerant ejection control means, for example, as described in claim 4, an object that floats on the cooling medium and sinks in the water, or a spherical shape that sinks in the water and floats on the cooling medium. It is preferable to put an object.

Further, as the refrigerant ejection control means, for example, as described in claim 5, when the refrigerant ejection hole of the perforated vertical pipe is clogged with foreign matter or frozen, it can be freely pushed out. It is preferable that it also has a protruding rod.

Therefore, in the ice heat storage device of the invention according to claims 3 to 5, the cooling medium is prevented from being jetted or frozen more than necessary from the large number of refrigerant jet holes provided in the vertical vertical pipe. By inserting the refrigerant ejection control means (floating or rod-shaped object) inside the perforated vertical pipe, the ejection amount of the cooling medium can be appropriately controlled.

In addition, in case the inside of the porous vertical pipe is frozen, the freezing rod attached to the tip of the control rod pushes out the ice in the porous vertical pipe with a free protruding rod to prevent the refrigerant ejection hole from freezing or closing. can do.

On the other hand, in the invention corresponding to claim 6, in the ice heat storage device of the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the ice storage tank has a bottom portion, an upper portion, and a wall surface. A coolant recovery port is provided.

Further, in the invention corresponding to claim 7, in the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to any one of claims 1 to 6, the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical pipe are for melting ice. The defrosting nozzle is also used, and the refrigerant recovery port is also used as the deicing intake port.

Furthermore, in the invention corresponding to claim 8, in the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to any one of the above-mentioned claims 1 to 6, the ice heat storage tank serves as a refrigerant ejection hole of a vertical vertical pipe. And a wall surface that also serves as a deicing nozzle, and a wall surface that also serves as a refrigerant recovery port and a water intake port for deicing and enhances the heat insulating effect.

Therefore, in the ice heat storage device of the invention according to claim 6 to claim 8, the cooling medium ejected from the refrigerant ejection hole of the central porous vertical pipe is provided on the wall surface in the ice heat storage tank. It is recovered from the refrigerant recovery port and circulated to the lower refrigerant storage tank and the refrigerator. Also, at the time of thawing,
Simultaneously with the upper defrosting nozzle, the defrosting water is ejected from the refrigerant ejection hole of the perforated vertical tube provided in the center, and the deicing water is taken from the refrigerant recovery port provided on the wall surface to supply cold heat. At this time, the cooling medium is collected in the refrigerant storage tank provided below the ice heat storage tank, and closed with water by the valve.

As a result, the refrigerant ejection port and the deicing water ejection port are combined, and the refrigerant recovery port and the deicing water intake port provided on the wall surface are combined, thereby improving the deicing property and compacting the ice heat storage tank. Can be realized.

[0031]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a main part showing a configuration example of the ice heat storage device according to the present embodiment.
In FIG. 1, an ice heat storage tank 1 carries a water-insoluble refrigerant 2 to a refrigerator 4 by a refrigerant pump 3 and cools it to 0 degrees Celsius or less (for example, −7 degrees to −9 degrees Celsius). Ice heat storage tank 1
It spouts out from the refrigerant spouting hole 5a of the perforated vertical pipe 5 having a large number of refrigerant spouting holes 5a installed in the vertical direction at the substantially center thereof. The refrigerant 2b ejected from the refrigerant ejection holes 5a of the porous vertical pipe 5 is brought into direct contact with the water 6 contained in the ice heat storage tank 1 to gradually generate the ice layer 7. There is.

That is, the refrigerant 2b blown out from the refrigerant ejection holes 5a of the porous vertical pipe 5 into the center of the ice heat storage tank 1 is frozen from the vicinity of the interface 2a between the refrigerant 2b and the water 6 to generate the dense ice 7. However, the refrigerant ejection hole 5 at the higher position (at the tip)
It shifts to a.

At this time, the ejected refrigerant 2b passes through the wall surface refrigerant recovery port 8 and returns to the ice heat storage tank refrigerant tank 9. Then, the refrigerant 2 returned to the ice heat storage tank refrigerant tank 9 is ejected from the refrigerant ejection hole 5 from the refrigerator 4 via the refrigerant pump 3, and by repeating this, the ice 7 is stored in the ice heat storage tank 1. I am trying to do it.

Further, the stored ice 7 drives the cold water system pump 10, the thaw nozzle 11 and the porous vertical pipe 5.
The water is sprinkled from the upper part of the refrigerant ejection hole 5a to melt the ice. At this time, the refrigerant 2 of the defrosting water return system is closed by the refrigerant valve 12, the refrigerant 2 is stored in the refrigerant storage tank 13, and does not come into contact with the water 6 in the ice heat storage tank 1. Further, the thawed water is sent to a user (for example, a building in summer) as cold heat (not shown).

Next, in the ice heat storage device of the present embodiment configured as described above, the refrigerant 2 is carried into the refrigerator 4 by the refrigerant pump 3 in the ice heat storage tank 1, where the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius or less ( In this example, the temperature is cooled to -7 degrees Celsius to -9 degrees Celsius. The cooled refrigerant 2 is ejected from the refrigerant ejection hole 5a of the perforated vertical pipe 5 provided at the substantially center of the ice heat storage tank 1, and comes into direct contact with the water 6 stored in the ice heat storage tank 1, and gradually. Lower the water temperature and freeze from the vicinity of the interface 2a between the refrigerant 2a and the water 6,
By forming a layer of ice 7, in the ice storage tank 1,
The ice 7 with high density can be generated in a short time.

That is, the above-mentioned dynamic ice making method has a problem that the ice filling rate of the ice heat storage tank 1 is low even though continuous ice making can be performed at any time, and in the static ice making method, it takes time to make ice. However, there is an advantage that ice with high density can be formed, but there is a problem that the ice filling rate is reduced by the space of the pipe.

In this respect, the ice heat storage device of the present embodiment adopts the static ice making method having a high density and the dynamic ice making method to make the ice 7 having a high density by improving the ice filling rate. You can

Further, even in the thawing, it is possible to supply uniform cold water to the user without unevenness in the thawing temperature by taking water from multiple directions instead of taking water from one direction.

Further, the refrigerant 2 insoluble in water is supplied to the refrigerator 4
By directly ejecting the refrigerant 2b cooled to 0 degrees Celsius or less (−7 degrees to −9 degrees Celsius) into the ice heat storage tank 1 through the water, the water 6 and the refrigerant 2b come into direct contact with each other and freeze there. The refrigerant 2b, which has been started and has been further cooled on the frozen ice 7, flows on the ice 7 to thicken the layer of the ice 7 and to form the dense ice 7
Therefore, the ice filling rate can be improved.

Furthermore, since a plurality of refrigerant ejection holes 5a are opened in the vertical direction in the vertical vertical pipe 5 and the ejection position of the refrigerant 2b sequentially moves upward in accordance with the layer of the ice 7 of the refrigerant 2b. , The layer of ice 7 can be made even thicker.

As described above, in the ice heat storage device according to the present embodiment, the ice 7 having a high density is generated in a short time by rapid freezing by using the cheap electric power at night, and the layer of the ice 7 is further formed. It is thick, and it is possible to achieve a high ice filling rate.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. (A) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a perforated vertical pipe in an ice heat storage device according to the present invention, and the same elements as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

That is, in this embodiment, the refrigerant 2 is prevented from being jetted out into the inside of the porous vertical pipe 5 more than necessary.
Alternatively, a refrigerant ejection control device (in this example, a floating stopper) 14 that controls the refrigerant ejection portion 5a so as not to freeze is inserted.

In the ice heat storage device having the porous vertical pipe 5 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the refrigerant ejection control device 14 placed inside the porous vertical pipe 5 appropriately ejects the refrigerant from the refrigerant ejection portion 5a. It is possible to control the ejection amount of the refrigerant 2b.

As a result, the ejection of the refrigerant 2 is controlled to an appropriate amount, and it becomes possible to prevent the uppermost portion of the refrigerant 2b in the upper vertical vertical pipe 5 from being frozen. (B) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part of another embodiment of the porous vertical pipe in the ice heat storage device according to the present invention, and the same elements as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

That is, in this embodiment, as the refrigerant ejection control device 14 to be inserted into the porous vertical pipe 5, when the refrigerant ejection hole 5a of the porous vertical pipe 5 is clogged with foreign matter or frozen, The control rod 15 and the crushing rod 16 which are the freely projecting rods for pushing out are combined.

In the ice heat storage device having the porous vertical tube 5 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the vertical movement is controlled from the upper part of the porous vertical tube 5 by the control rod 15 by an upper driving device (not shown). In addition, the refrigerant is attached to the refrigerant ejection control device 14, and when the foreign matter in the porous vertical pipe 5 is clogged or when frozen, the foreign matter in the refrigerant ejection hole 5a of the porous vertical pipe 5 is removed by the crushing rod 16 to remove the refrigerant. 2, or the ejection of deicing water can be kept constant at all times.

As a result, the ejection of the refrigerant 2 is controlled to an appropriate amount, and it is possible to prevent the refrigerant ejection holes 5a of the porous vertical pipe 5 from being frozen or blocked. (C) In the above-described embodiment, as the refrigerant ejection control device 14, an object that floats on the refrigerant 2 and sinks on the water 6 or a spherical object that sinks on the water 6 and floats on the refrigerant 2 is inserted into the control rod 15 You may make it move up and down by.

(D) In the above embodiment, the ice heat storage tank 1
The refrigerant recovery port 8 is provided at the bottom, the upper part, and the wall surface everywhere, the refrigerant ejection port 5a of the perforated vertical pipe 5 also serves as the deicing nozzle for the deicing, and the refrigerant recovery port 8 is the deicing water intake. In addition, the ice storage tank 1 also has a wall surface that also serves as the refrigerant ejection hole 5a of the perforated vertical pipe 5 and the deicing nozzle, as the ice heat storage tank 1, and also serves as the refrigerant recovery port 8 and the deicing intake port You may make it a double structure with the wall surface for improving an effect.

With such a structure, the refrigerant 2 ejected from the refrigerant ejection hole 5a of the central vertical vertical pipe 5 is recovered from the refrigerant recovery port 8 provided on the wall surface in the ice heat storage tank 1 and is located below. It circulates to the refrigerant storage tank 13 and the refrigerator 4. Further, at the time of thawing, at the same time as the upper thawing nozzle 11, the refrigerant ejection hole 5 of the porous vertical pipe 5 provided at the center is formed.
Defrosting water spouts from a and the refrigerant recovery port 8 provided on the wall surface
The defrosted water is taken in to supply cold heat. At this time, the refrigerant 2 is the refrigerant storage tank 1 provided below the ice heat storage tank 1.
3, and is closed to water 6 by the refrigerant system valve 12.

As a result, the refrigerant ejection hole 5a is also used as the deicing water ejection port, and the refrigerant recovery port 8 and the deicing water intake port provided on the wall surface are also used, so that the deicing property is improved and the ice storage tank 1 is improved. It becomes possible to make it compact.

[0052]

As described above, according to the invention according to claim 1, in an ice heat storage device using latent heat of melting ice as a cold heat source for cooling, the ice heat storage containing water therein. Inside the tank, a vertical vertical pipe with a large number of refrigerant ejection holes was installed in the vertical direction, and a cooling medium that was insoluble in water cooled through a refrigerator was ejected from the refrigerant ejection holes of the vertical vertical pipe to produce ice. Since ice is generated by directly contacting the water stored in the heat storage tank, cheap electricity at night is used to generate high-density ice in a short time by rapid freezing to increase the ice filling rate. It is possible to provide an ice heat storage device capable of achieving the above.

According to the invention corresponding to claim 2,
In the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to claim 1, a cooling medium of 0 degrees Celsius or less is jetted from a refrigerant jet hole of a perforated vertical pipe, and is gradually frozen from an interface between the cooling medium and water. As the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical pipe are sequentially clogged with the growth of ice, it is possible to move to the refrigerant ejection holes at the tip of the perforated vertical pipe and generate a dense ice layer in order from the interface. Make the ice layer thicker,
It is possible to provide an ice heat storage device that can generate ice with high density and can improve the ice filling rate.

Further, according to the inventions corresponding to claims 3 to 5, in the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to claim 1 or 2, a cooling medium is required more than necessary inside the vertical pipe. Since the refrigerant ejection control means for controlling so that the refrigerant does not spout out or the refrigerant spouting portion does not freeze is installed, it is possible to appropriately control the spouting amount of the cooling medium and to freeze or block the refrigerant spouting hole. It is possible to provide an ice heat storage device capable of preventing the above.

Further, according to the invention corresponding to claims 6 to 8, in the ice heat storage device of the invention corresponding to any one of the above claims 1 to 5, the bottom of the ice heat storage tank, Refrigerant recovery ports are provided in the upper part and on various places on the wall surface, and the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical tubes also serve as the defrosting nozzles for defrosting, and the refrigerant recovery ports also serve as the deicing water intake port.
Furthermore, the ice heat storage tank has a double structure with a wall surface that also serves as a refrigerant ejection hole of a vertical vertical tube and a deicing nozzle, and a wall surface that also serves as a refrigerant recovery port and a deicing intake port and enhances the heat insulating effect. As a result, it is possible to provide an ice heat storage device capable of improving the defrosting property and downsizing the ice heat storage tank.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of an ice heat storage device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of a porous vertical tube of an ice heat storage device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part showing another embodiment of a porous vertical tube of an ice heat storage device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ice thermal storage tank, 2 ... Refrigerant, 2a ... Interface of refrigerant and water, 2b ... Refrigerant ejected, 3 ... Refrigerant pump, 4 ... Refrigerator, 5 ... Perforated vertical pipe, 5a ... Refrigerant ejection hole, 6 ... Water, 7 ... Ice, 8 ... Wall surface refrigerant recovery port, 9 ... Ice heat storage tank refrigerant tank, 10 ... Cold water system pump, 11 ... Thawing nozzle, 12 ... Refrigerant system valve, 13 ... Refrigerant storage tank, 14 ... Refrigerant ejection control Device, 15 ... Control rod, 16 ... Grinding rod.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An ice heat storage device using latent heat of melting ice as a cooling heat source for cooling, wherein a vertical vertical pipe having a plurality of refrigerant ejection holes is provided in an ice heat storage tank containing water therein. The cooling medium, which is insoluble in water cooled through the refrigerator, is ejected from the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical pipe, and the ice is stored by directly contacting the water stored in the ice heat storage tank. An ice heat storage device characterized by being generated. 2. The ice heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein a cooling medium having a temperature of 0 ° C. or less is jetted from a refrigerant jet hole of the porous vertical pipe to gradually freeze from an interface between the cooling medium and water, As the ice from the interface grows, the refrigerant ejection holes of the perforated vertical pipe are sequentially clogged, so that the refrigerant ejected holes at the tip of the perforated vertical pipe move to form a dense ice layer in order from the interface. The ice heat storage device characterized in that 3. The ice heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling medium is controlled so as not to be jetted more than necessary or the refrigerant jetting portion is not frozen into the inside of the perforated vertical pipe. An ice heat storage device, characterized in that a cooling medium ejection control means is installed. 4. The cooling medium ejection control means is configured so that an object that floats in a cooling medium and sinks in water, or a spherical object that sinks in water and floats in a cooling medium is inserted. Item 3. The ice heat storage device according to item 3. 5. The ice heat storage device according to claim 3, wherein the refrigerant ejection control unit pushes out the refrigerant ejection hole of the perforated vertical pipe when foreign matter is clogged or frozen. An ice heat storage device characterized in that it also has a freely projecting rod. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the ice heat storage device according to the item 1, the ice heat storage device is characterized in that a refrigerant recovery port is provided at each of a bottom portion, an upper portion, and a wall surface of the ice heat storage tank. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the ice heat storage device according to the item, the refrigerant ejection hole of the perforated vertical pipe also serves as a defrosting nozzle for defrosting, and the refrigerant recovery port also serves as a defrosting intake port. Ice storage device. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
In the ice heat storage device according to the item, as the ice heat storage tank, a wall surface that also serves as a refrigerant ejection hole of a perforated vertical pipe and a deicing nozzle, a refrigerant recovery port and a deicing intake port, and enhances the heat insulating effect. An ice heat storage device characterized in that it has a double structure with a wall surface.