JPH0912387A - Composting treatment agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To shorten the period for composting by compounding the spores of Bacillus microorganism, deodorant and nitrogen fertilizer effect maintaining agent. CONSTITUTION: The Bacillus species strains are inoculated into a liquid medium previously sterilized by heating and are cultured under air permeation. A sporing soln. (an. aq. soln. contg. NaCl, KCl, NgSO4 SN7H2 O, MnCl2 .4H2 O, FeSO4 .7H2 O) is added to the resulted medium and the culture medium is rested for about 8 to 24 hours under ventilation to spore the medium and thereafter, the liquid is filtered to prepare the spores. Next, the Bacillus spores at a ratio of >=10<7> , the deodorants of >=1 kinds among MgSO4 .7H2 O, Na2 HPO4 , FeSO4 .7H2 O, Houttuynia, etc., at >=10mg and the nitrogen fertilizer effect maintaining agent, such as 2-chloro-6-methyl pyridine and dicyanine diamine, at about >=0.2mg are compounded with 1kg the object to be treated, by which the composting treatment agent is prepd. This composting treatment agent is added at about >=0.1wt.% to the org. waste adjusted in moisture to about 60 to 70% and the mixture is treated by a compost fermentation device, by which the compost is obtd. in a short period of time.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a treatment agent which is effective in composting organic waste such as human waste, manure and sludge of livestock, by microbial digestion or composting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the amount of garbage generated has rapidly increased due to changes in lifestyles, and the problem of garbage processing has become a very serious problem mainly in urban areas. The treatment of the excreted manure causes serious social problems such as pollution. Further sewage treatment plant,
Sludge discharged from human waste treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment facilities is disposed of in landfills, but the environment surrounding sludge disposal is deteriorating because the treatment capacity is approaching the limit. is there.

In such an environment surrounding the treatment of organic waste, a method of composting the organic waste, returning it to the soil as fertilizer and using it for agricultural production is becoming widespread as an environmentally friendly treatment method. As a method of composting organic wastes, the field accumulation composting method or the soil remediation method has been known for a long time, and a method of decomposing organic components into water, carbon dioxide gas, ammonia, etc. by a microbial group existing in nature is adopted. Has been.

Recently, in order to shorten the processing period for such composting, a high-speed composting method has been proposed in which organic waste is decomposed and digested by microorganisms in an aerobic or slightly aerobic atmosphere. It has been put to practical use. (For example,
58-130185, JP-A-2-56290, 4-4084)

[0005]

In the conventional treatment method or device, the organic waste is decomposed and digested by the microbial groups brought in spontaneously or from the organic waste itself to decompose the organic waste. Since there is no required amount of microorganisms suitable for digestion from the initial stage of composting,
It took a long time to compost and it was difficult to achieve the intended purpose.

Further, when the obtained compost is used as a fertilizer, nitrogen-containing substances which are mineralized by decomposition of organic substances in the composting process are converted into nitric acid state by oxidation, and therefore, when applied, they are removed from the soil. It was reduced to nitrogen gas by the nitrifying bacteria group or washed away by rainwater, and nitrogen as a fertilizer component easily disappeared from the soil. The composting treatment agent according to the present invention solves the problems of such composting treatment, significantly shortens the composting period, and improves the nitrogen fertilizing effect of the produced compost.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention have conducted a number of test studies in order to search for a microbial group having an excellent effect on the composting process of organic waste.
The present inventors have found that spores of a microorganism of the genus us) are useful for composting treatment, and completed the present invention.

In the composting process, many different kinds of microorganisms appear and disappear according to a certain law,
Microorganisms of the genus Bacillus actively decompose organic substances and contribute to the progress of composting in the process of starting decomposition of organic substances and raising the product temperature from room temperature to about 50 to 70 ° C. The overall rate of composting is the rate-determining step from the start of decomposition of organic matter until the product temperature rises from room temperature to about 50 to 70 ° C, and accelerating this process can shorten the period required for composting. Connect

Notably, Bacillus microorganisms
When the environment becomes unsuitable for activities due to an abnormal rise in product temperature, it becomes a dormant state in which spores are formed without dying, and the activity is resumed when the surrounding environment becomes favorable again. Have Therefore, according to the composting treatment agent using the spores of Bacillus microorganism of the present invention, when the decomposition of organic matter is started and the product temperature rises from room temperature to 50 to 70 ° C, or the product temperature is significantly increased or decreased. Even in the composting process, the predetermined microbial concentration necessary for the decomposition of organic matter is always maintained, and excellent composting performance can be exhibited.

According to the present invention, in the process of raising the temperature of the organic waste from room temperature to 50 to 70 ° C., the microorganisms of the genus Bacillus are artificially supplied alone or in combination to naturally occur. Alternatively, it is possible to actively decompose organic matter without waiting for the propagation of Bacillus microorganisms brought in from the organic waste itself, and to eliminate microbial groups that do not contribute to composting, thereby forming a desirable microbial group for composting. Therefore, the progress of composting can be further accelerated.

The Bacillus used in the present invention
The representative microorganisms of the genus lus include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.
ill-us cereus), Bacillus nattou (Bacillus natt)
o), Bacillus stearothermophilus
rothermophilus), Bacillus Rickenformis (Ba-
cillus licheniformis), Bacillus circulants (B
acillus circulans), Bacillus coagulants
lus coagulans), Bacillus brevis
, Bacillus azotoforms
ans), Bacillus lentus, and other bacterial species.

The microbial cells of the genus Bacillus described above can be obtained from individual seed strains by a known culturing method. However, in the state of vegetative cells, there is a problem with the preservability as a composting treatment agent. It is necessary to spore the vegetative cells and keep them dormant. Hereinafter, a method for obtaining spores of a Bacillus microorganism will be specifically described. For example, polypeptone 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, and sodium chloride 0.5% are suspended and dissolved in water, and a liquid medium that has been sterilized by heat in advance is inoculated with a strain of Bacillus spp. carry out.

A spore-forming solution (for example, 10% sodium chloride, 10% potassium chloride, 10% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2% manganese chloride tetrahydrate and 2% ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2) was added to 1 liter of the obtained culture solution. % Of aqueous solution) and let stand for 8 to 24 hours with aeration to sporulate.

Then, the spores are collected by a method such as filtration or centrifugation and then dried at a temperature at which the microorganisms are not killed, or after impregnating the sporized solution into a carrier such as wheat bran, at a temperature at which the microorganisms are not killed. By drying, spores of a Bacillus microorganism as a microbial component are prepared.

In carrying out the present invention, by adding a deodorant to the composting treatment agent, it is possible to effectively deodorize the offensive odor of the organic waste generated during the composting process.

Typical examples of the deodorant suitable for the practice of the present invention include magnesium salts, phosphates, ferrous salts, and deer (Dokudami grass), and one or more selected from these deodorants. Two or more kinds can be blended. In the composting treatment agent of the present invention, when magnesium salts and phosphate salts are used as deodorants, these should be used together.

The malodorous components of ammonia and amines produced in the process of decomposing the organic carbon components react rapidly with the magnesium salt and the phosphate component to form a sparingly water-soluble salt of ammonium phosphate / magnesium phosphate. It loses its sex and is prevented from scattering into the surrounding environment.

A typical magnesium salt used as a deodorant is, from the viewpoint of reactivity and economic efficiency,
Examples include magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium oxide.

Typical examples of the phosphate used as the deodorant include sodium phosphates and potassium phosphates. However, ammonium phosphates are not preferable from the viewpoint of deodorizing ammonia, which is one of the malodorous substances, because they lead to supply of ammonium roots.

When a magnesium salt and a phosphate are used in combination, the molar ratio [Mg] / magnesium of phosphorus is increased in order to enhance the reactivity with ammonia and promote the formation of an insoluble salt.
It is desirable to use [P] as 1 or more.

Further, hydrogen sulfide generated in the process of decomposition,
Mercaptan rapidly reacts with the ferrous salt component to form a sparingly water-soluble salt, and is prevented from scattering to the surrounding environment. Representative examples of ferrous salts include ferrous sulfate and ferrous chloride.

In addition, the malodorous components which have not been identified are deodorized or deodorized by the chemical action or the sensory masking effect of the deer. Suitable for the Yaku yak, the above-ground part of Dokudami in the summer is used as it is or after dried, and it is used as a raw leaf, a juice, an extract and a dry powder.

In the practice of the present invention, by adding a nitrogen fertilizer effect maintaining agent to the composting treatment agent, a compost having a sufficiently maintained nitrogen fertilizer effect can be obtained. Ammonia generated in the process of decomposing organic carbon components had a possibility of being oxidized and converted into a nitric acid state by the conventional method, but by incorporating a nitrogen fertilizer, nitrification was suppressed. It is possible to obtain compost in which the nitrogen fertilization effect is sufficiently maintained. In addition, the suppression of nitrification prevents the groundwater from being contaminated without being washed out by rainwater when it is applied to soil.

Typical examples of nitrogen fertilizer maintenance agents include:
2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, 2-chloro-trifluoromethylpyridine, thiourea, guanylthiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-sulfanilamide thiazole, dicyandiamide, 3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole and 4
-Amino-1,2,4-triazole can be mentioned, and one or more selected from these nitrogen fertilizers can be blended.

The composting treatment agent of the present invention can be used by directly adding it to organic waste represented by manure and sludge of raw garbage, humans and livestock. The composting treatment agent of the present invention,
It is desirable that the oxygen is added to the organic waste as uniformly as possible, and after the addition, the material is frequently turned back to supply oxygen necessary for the decomposition of the organic matter to the inside.

When the composting treatment agent of the present invention is added to organic waste, the initial water content should be adjusted to the range of 60 to 70%. If the water content of the treatment system exceeds this range, an extreme anaerobic part will occur in the organic waste, so for example rice bran or sawdust will be added to suppress the generation of free water, and conversely the water content will fall within this range. If it is below the range, the activity of microorganisms slows down, so water is added to adjust the water content.

The compounding ratio of each component in the composting treatment agent of the present invention is determined in consideration of the addition ratio. If the addition rate is small, there is a problem in the mixing property with the target object, so it is desirable that the addition rate is at least 0.1% or more. The mixing ratio is
10 spores of Bacillus microorganism per 1 kg of target
⁷ or more, 10 mg or more of deodorant such as magnesium salt, phosphate, ferrous salt, deer, 2-chloro-6-
Trichloromethylpyridine, 2-chloro-trifluoromethylpyridine, thiourea, guanylthiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-sulfanilamide thiazole, dicyandiamide, 3-amino-1,2,4- Triazole, 4-amino-1,2,
A nitrogen fertilizer such as 4-triazole should be determined to be 0.2 mg or more.

For example, when the addition rate of 1% is set, the compounding rate is Bacillus spores (10 ⁸ spores /
g) 29.9%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 40%, dibasic sodium phosphate 10%, ferrous sulfate 10%, dewy yam 10%, 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine 0.1% are set. It

[0029]

According to the present invention, the organic carbon component in the organic waste is a highly biodegradable component due to the Bacillus microorganisms supplied from the composting treatment agent of the present invention and the group of microorganisms present in the organic waste. Then, it is decomposed into carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere, and compost that can be quickly applied is obtained.

The spores of Bacillus microorganisms in the composting agent of the present invention are easy to handle when they are stored as a product, and an environment unsuitable for activities is caused by an increase in product temperature during the composting process. In that case, stay dormant,
When the environment becomes suitable for activities, it has the characteristic of promptly resuming activities, so it is effective in the composting process where the product temperature changes significantly.

When treated for the same composting period as in the conventional case, the compost has a better quality than the compost obtained by the conventional method in terms of carbon content, nitrogen content, mineral content, germination rate, etc. can get.

[0032]

The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples. Example 1 Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis
Rickenformis species of Bacillus are inoculated from individual seed strains into broth liquid medium in which 1% of polypeptone, 0.5% of yeast extract and 0.5% of salt are dissolved in water and sterilized by heat. 24 to 72 at a temperature of 30 ° C.
Liquid culture was performed with aeration for hours.

1 liter of the obtained culture solution was treated with a sporulation solution (sodium chloride 10%, potassium chloride 10%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 10%, manganese chloride tetrahydrate 2% and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2%). 1 ml of an aqueous solution containing) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours while being aerated to allow sporulation. After mixing the spore fluids of each Bacillus bacterial species, 100 liters of the spore mixture was added to 100 kg of wheat bran and mixed with stirring. This mixture was introduced into a blast dryer and dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain bulk Bacillus spores containing 5 × 10 ⁸ Bacillus spores per gram.

The above-mentioned Bacillus spore bulk powder, a deodorant and a nitrogen fertilizer maintenance agent were blended as follows to prepare a composting treatment agent. The molar ratio of magnesium to phosphorus in this product is
2.3. Bacillus spore bulk powder 29.0% Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 40.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate 10.0% Ferrous sulphate 10.0% Juyaku 10.0% 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine 1 0.0%

1 kg of this product per 1 t of pig manure (water content 70%)
Was added at a ratio of 1, and a composting treatment was carried out for 30 days using an open, non-ventilated, circulating compost fermenter. The results of the evaluation test of the compost thus obtained were as shown in Table 1. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and measurement was carried out as a non-addition blank section. The ammonia concentration immediately before the deposit in the middle part of the fermenter before using this composting treatment agent was 21 ppm and the amines concentration was 73 ppm. No ammonia concentration was detected (hereinafter referred to as ND), and the amines concentration was 3 ppm, and a clear deodorizing effect was recognized.

[0036]

[Table 1]

(Example 2) Chicken manure 3t (water content 65%)
3 kg of the composting treatment agent prepared in Example 1 was added to the above, and the composting treatment was performed in an airless compost house. For composting in this compost building, oxygen was supplied by cutting back the accumulated compost with a shovel car once every seven days. Completion of composting is judged by moisture (dry state), color tone (blackening), and odor (compost odor). It was as shown in. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and measurement was carried out as a non-addition blank section. In addition, the transition of the maximum daily product temperature in the composting process is as shown in Fig. 1, and it shows that the compost house with the compost containing this product and the compost house with no additive The odor concentration immediately after turning back was as shown in Table 3.

[0038]

[Table 2]

[0039]

[Table 3]

Example 3 A composting treatment agent A was prepared by blending the bulk powder of Bacillus spores prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and the deodorant as follows. The molar ratio of magnesium to phosphorus in this product was 1.15. Composting agent A Bacillus spore bulk powder 10.0% Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 60.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate 30.0%

On the other hand, in the same manner as described above, the Bacillus spore bulk powder and the deodorant were blended as follows to prepare a composting treatment agent B. The molar ratio of magnesium to phosphorus in this product was 0.29. Composting agent B Bacillus spore bulk powder 10.0% Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 30.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate 60.0%

1 t of pig manure (water content 7
(0% adjustment) at a rate of 2 kg individually, and every 3 days
The results were as shown in Table 4, when the turning operation for supplying oxygen was performed at a certain rate to compost and the ammonia concentration in the peripheral portion of the sediment during the composting process was measured. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and measurement was carried out as a non-addition blank section.

[0043]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Table 4, the composting treatment agent A
A and B have a lower ammonia concentration than the non-addition blank group, and especially the ammonia concentration was not detected in the composting treatment agent A in which the molar ratio of magnesium and phosphorus was 1 or more after 10 days.

(Example 4) Bacterial species of the genus Bacillus of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus lentus and Bacillus natto were treated with polypeptone 0.5%, meat extract 0.5% and yeast extract. 0.5
%, Salt 0.5% in water and dissolved in water to pre-heat sterilized liquid medium, inoculated from each seed strain,
Liquid culture was carried out at -38 ° C with aeration for 24-72 hours.

The obtained culture broth was subjected to the same operations as in Example 1 to prepare a Bacillus spore bulk powder, and the obtained Bacillus spore bulk powder, deodorant and other components were blended as follows. As a result, a composting treatment agent was prepared. Bacillus spore bulk powder 10.0% Ferrous sulphate 20.0% Sodium bicarbonate 20.0% Sodium sulphate 50.0% Sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulphate improve the compatibility with the target. Is a bulking agent.

After adding 2 kg of this product to a commercial aeration and agitation type food waste processing device (content effective volume 200 liters, sawdust carrier adoption type), 30 kg of food waste generated at a feeding center was thrown in every day. After starting supply to this processing device,
Table 5 shows the results of an evaluation test of the finished compost when the chemical properties of the contents and the quality of the compost reached a substantially constant level. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and an evaluation test was conducted as a blank group without addition.

[0048]

[Table 5]

Example 5 A composting treatment agent was prepared by mixing the bulk Bacillus spore powder prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, the deodorant and other components as follows. Bacillus spore bulk powder 10.0% Juyaku 10.0% Sodium sulphate 80.0% Sodium sulphate is an extender for improving the compatibility with the target.

This product was added at a rate of 10 kg to 1 ton of chicken dung, and a turning operation for oxygen supply was performed at a rate of once every 5 days in a non-ventilated compost to compost, and the compost was formed during the composting process. The degree of malodor in the peripheral area was evaluated by the six-stage odor intensity method (10 monitors), and the results are shown in Table 6. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and evaluation was carried out as a non-addition blank section. The method of indicating the odor intensity by the six-level odor intensity is as follows. 0: Odorless 1: Smell that can be sensed at last 2: Weak odor that tells you what odor it is 3: Smell that can be easily sensed 4: Strong odor 5: Strong odor

[0051]

[Table 6]

Example 6 A composting treatment agent was prepared by mixing the Bacillus spore bulk powder prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, a deodorant and a nitrogen fertilizer maintenance agent as follows. In addition,
The molar ratio of magnesium to phosphorus in this product was 1.15. Bacillus spore bulk powder 24.0% Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 50.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate 25.0% 2-Chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine 1.0%

1 kg of this treatment agent was added daily to 1 ton of poultry manure, and a poultry manure composting device "COMPO" (manufactured by Chubu Feed Co., Ltd.)
The results of conducting continuous composting treatment using a closed, aerated, vertical type fermenter) and conducting an evaluation test of the obtained compost were as shown in Table 7. In addition, the same operation was performed for those to which the composting treatment agent was not added, and measurement was carried out as a non-addition blank section.

[0054]

[Table 7]

Example 7 A composting treatment agent was prepared by mixing the Bacillus spore bulk powder prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, a deodorant and a nitrogen fertilizer effect maintaining agent as follows. In addition,
The molar ratio of magnesium to phosphorus in this product was 1.15. Bacillus spore bulk powder 20.0% Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 50.0% Dibasic sodium phosphate 25.0% Thiourea 5.0%

As in Example 6, 1 ton of poultry manure per day was used as the product 1
Table 8 shows the results of conducting an evaluation test of the obtained compost by adding kg every day and performing continuous composting treatment using the chicken manure composting device "COMPO". In addition, the same operation is performed for those without the addition of the composting treatment agent.
It was measured as a blank group without addition.

[0057]

[Table 8]

[0058]

According to the composting agent of the present invention, the composting period can be shortened and a large amount of organic waste can be treated.
Since the nitrogen fertilizing effect of the obtained compost is improved, the utility value as compost is dramatically improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an organic waste to which the composting treatment agent of the present invention is added,
Graph showing changes in daily maximum temperature of additive-free organic waste

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Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A composting treatment agent containing spores of a microorganism of the genus Bacillus. 2. A composting treatment agent containing spores of a microorganism of the genus Bacillus and a deodorant. 3. A composting treatment agent containing spores of a microorganism of the genus Bacillus, a deodorant and a nitrogen fertilizer maintenance agent. 4. The composting composition according to claim 2 or 3, wherein one or more kinds selected from magnesium salts, phosphates, ferrous salts, and deer yak are blended as a deodorant. Processing agent. 5. 2-Chloro-6-as a nitrogen fertilizer maintenance agent
Trichloromethylpyridine, 2-chloro-trifluoromethylpyridine, thiourea, guanylthiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-sulfanilamide thiazole, dicyandiamide, 3-amino-1,2,4- Triazole and 4-amino-1,
The composting treatment agent according to claim 3, wherein one or more kinds selected from 2,4-triazole is mixed. 6. The composting treatment agent according to claim 2, wherein a magnesium salt and a phosphate are used together as a deodorant, and the molar ratio of magnesium and phosphorus is 1 or more.