JPS5829273B2 - Fertilizer manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on a mixture of animal and plant compost materials with an appropriate amount of slag, and one or more selected from smoky charcoal, peat, sludge, and excrement. To this, cellulose-degrading bacteria, filamentous fungi, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, air nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia, and actinomycetes are added, and the mixture is selected from yeast, Shutomonas bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, and thermophilic actinomycetes. This is a fertilizer production method characterized by adding one or more of the above ingredients and carrying out high temperature fermentation.

The present invention uses as a base material a mixture of animal and plant compost materials with mineral slag, which is combined with one of smoky charcoal, peat, sludge, various manures (including domestic animal manure, chicken manure, etc.), or This is a fertilizer production method characterized by adding the above-mentioned microorganisms or a fermentation promoter containing such microorganisms to a mixture of more than 100% of the above-mentioned microorganisms, and carrying out fermentation.

The slag used in the present invention is atomized in the process of high-temperature fermentation, and its components are solubilized to supply trace elements to plants as described below.

The slag contains calcium oxide (Cab), magnesium oxide (MgO), manganese oxide (MnO), ferric oxide (F e 203 ), and aluminum oxide (A120).
3), titanium oxide (T i O2), phosphorus pentoxide (
It contains trace elements such as P2O3) and a large amount of silicic anhydride (Sin2), does not contain harmful heavy metals, and is alkaline.

Among these components, iron is necessary for the production of chlorophyll and chloroplasts involved in photosynthesis, and the roots contain 5 to 10 times more than the stems and leaves, so applying an appropriate amount of iron is necessary for plant growth. It has a great effect.

Manganese, like iron, is necessary for the production of chlorophyll and therefore for photosynthesis in plants, and is also useful for plant respiration, nitrogen assimilation (reduction of nitric acid in the latter stage), and the production of vitamin C in plants.

Lime neutralizes the acidity of compost materials and soil, as well as human waste and urine.
Sodium ions derived from seawater in reclaimed land, etc., cause the soil to have a single-grain structure, and the physical properties of the soil are favorable, but by applying lime, the sodium ions in the soil are replaced with calcium ions, resulting in compost and soil colloids. dehydrates and coagulates, making it easier to aggregate.

Silicic acid is particularly contained in large amounts in plants of the rice family, and is effective in preventing rice blast disease and autumn drop.

Silicic acid also increases plant photosynthesis and root oxidation.

Magnesium oxide helps plants absorb silicic acid, strengthens the plant body, prevents succulence, elongation and softening of stems and leaves, and strengthens rice's resistance to blast disease.

Also, there is a deep connection with certain enzymes, especially those related to phosphate metabolism.
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Titanium oxide increases the number of root nodules of leguminous plants and increases their nitrogen fixing ability.

Examples of the components (%) of the blast furnace slag are as follows.

Furthermore, the slag used in the present invention also functions as a moisture regulating material and absorbs moisture contained in livestock manure.

For this reason, not only chicken manure and cow manure, but also extremely high water content (
(over 90%) It has also become easier to convert pig manure into fertilizer, which was considered difficult to use in the past.

In addition, the conventional method of drying using electric power to remove moisture from these excreta is no longer necessary, saving heavy oil costs and eliminating air pollution and bad odors caused by this.

Mix the above microorganisms with the above compost material, stir and mix,
Perform fermentation.

Examples of microorganisms to be mixed are Ce l lu lomo
nasFlavigena (decomposes cellulose) Cl
ostridium Butyricum (nitrogen fixing bacteria), Aspergillis oryzae (rice koji mold), Nitrosomonas europas (
nitrifying bacteria), N1trobacter agilis
(nitrifying bacteria), Th1obacillus thio
parus (sulfur bacterium), Th1obacillus
thiooxidans (sulfur bacteria) Azoto
bacter indicum (nitrogen fixing bacteria), Azo
tobacter vinlandii (nitrogen fixing bacteria)
, Thermoactinomyces vulgar
is (thermophilic actinomycetes), Pseudomonas r
uhlandii (a type of organic trophic bacteria), Rhizo
It is a bacterium of the genus Bium (rhizobacteria).

Among these microorganisms, bacteria, actinomycetes, and thermophilic bacteria contain 1% polypeptone, 1% meat extract, 0.3% salt, and 2% agar.
30'C in a pH 7 medium containing
The fungi, yeast, and kahi were cultured at 0.3 °C) and the yeast extract was
The Rhi
Bacteria of the genus Zobium contain 1% manit and 0.0 dipotassium phosphate.
7%, monopotassium phosphate 0.03%, magnesium sulfate 0.0
1% of lime, 0.03% of lime carbonate, 0.5% of yeast extract, and 2% of agar at 25°C. ,
A mixture of sucrose and bone meal mixed at about 1% is mixed to make up about 0.1% of the total amount of compost material, the water content is adjusted to about 50-60%, and fermentation is carried out.

In addition, in the early stage of fermentation, the overall temperature remains at a high temperature of 60°C to 70°C for about 2 weeks, and the temperature immediately after fermentation gradually decreases.
When the temperature reaches around 25°C, add O, i% or less of the mixture of the above bacterial culture and diluent (carrier) to the total, replenish the microorganisms killed by the high temperature, and switch the whole.
After adjusting the moisture content, the product can be obtained in about 30 days.

During fermentation, the slag neutralizes the acidity of the material, acts suitable for microbial fermentation, and replenishes the various mineral elements mentioned above.

Depending on their performance, the fermenting microorganisms act to decompose and ripen compost materials, and deodorize foul odors such as livestock manure.

Likunin in plants is difficult to decompose even during fermentation of compost, and the mucilage produced by decomposition of each compost material by microorganisms promotes agglomeration when compost is applied to soil, and also affects soil physics. It has the effect of improving chemical properties and replenishing useful microorganisms in the soil, so it is particularly effective in improving soil that has been devastated by the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and where the soil microbial ecosystem has been disturbed. be.

Example: 400 kg each of crushed slag discharged from a steelmaking blast furnace, crushed peat, and chicken manure: 400 kg: 200 kg
To 1000 kg of the mixture, 1 ky of the above microorganism culture mixed with the following carrier is mixed, the water content is adjusted to 55-60%, and fermentation is carried out.

In such cases, the temperature of the material remains at 70'C for 3 to 4 days, and around 60°C for about 2 weeks, after which the temperature gradually decreases and a fully ripened compost is obtained in about 30 days.

During the fermentation process, the temperature is between 30°C and 25°C (when the temperature reaches 30°C to 25°C, 1 kg or less of the above microbial culture mixed with 99% of the following carrier is mixed with the compost material and fermentation is completed. It is possible to supplement the microorganisms killed or reduced by the initial high temperature and complete the fermentation.

Examples of carriers for the above microbial culture are as follows:
This is mixed with 1% of the above microorganism cultured in a medium.

Examples of component analysis values of the fertilizer produced according to the present invention are as follows.

As mentioned above, the fertilizer manufacturing method of the present invention can be used for a fairly long period of time.
Since the high temperature fermentation of 0°C to 70°C is continued, the solubilization of slag components etc. is significantly promoted, which is clearly different from the case of processing at around 50°C.

Even if these slag components are present in fertilizer, they will not be absorbed by plants unless they are solubilized and will not serve as a fertilizer.

For example, MgO in blast furnace slag is 5.6 to 8.1%, but only 0.1% is solubilized.

However, according to the production method of the present invention, 0.5% is solubilized, increasing the amount that can be absorbed by plants by five times.

Effects of nitrifying bacteria contained in microorganisms used in the present invention and 60
Due to the synergistic effect with high temperature fermentation at a temperature of .degree. C. to 70.degree. C., solubilization of lime, magnesia, silicic acid, etc. is promoted, and these become easily absorbed by plant roots.

In addition, a comparison of the solubilization rate with silica fertilizer is as follows.

Furthermore, the slag is pulverized by continuing high-temperature fermentation.

These developments have made it possible to use slag-containing fertilizers not only in paddy fields but also in upland crops.

Furthermore, the growth of microorganisms that are harmful to plants is inhibited at around 50°C, and many of them die when the temperature exceeds 60°C, and it has the effect of killing these microorganisms during the high temperature fermentation process.

The use of the fertilizer according to the present invention achieves an increase in yield of more than 50% compared to conventional fertilizers, and provides farmers with an increase in profits of more than 70%.

The results of the comparative cultivation experiment are as follows.

Furthermore, according to nutritional analysis of crops (onions) harvested by applying the fertilizer of the present invention, the nitrogen content in the individual crops was 36% compared to the amount used in conventional fertilizers, phosphoric acid, other substances, calcium, It is clear that the magnesium content is 74-112% higher, and this fact has a significant positive impact on the health of humans who eat the crops.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of animal and plant compost materials and slag is mixed with one or more selected from smoky coal, peat, sludge, and excrement and adjusted to be slightly alkaline, and then mixed with cellulose-degrading bacteria, filamentous bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, atmospheric nitrogen fixing bacteria,
Rhizobium and actinomycetes are added, and one or more selected from yeast and Shutomonas bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, and thermophilic actinomycetes are added to carry out high-temperature fermentation. After the temperature is lowered, as necessary. A method for producing fertilizer, which comprises re-adding a culture of each of the above-mentioned microorganisms.