CN110540481A - Novel method for reducing nitrogen loss in perishable garbage composting process - Google Patents
Novel method for reducing nitrogen loss in perishable garbage composting process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new method for reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process of perishable garbage; in the novel method, the biochar prepared at the high temperature of 800 ℃ can better adsorb ammonium ions, so that the volatilization of NH4+ in the composting process is reduced, and the nitrogen preservation process is promoted; certain iron ions are doped in the biochar, and the iron-based biochar is added in the composting process, so that the generation of catalase in the aerobic biological reaction process can be promoted; the biomass charcoal adsorbs NH4+ in the compost, inhibits the dissolution of NH4+, prevents the formation of hydroxide ions, thereby effectively reducing the increase amplitude of the pH value of the compost; the biochar can improve the emission of nitrogen in the composting process, and after the composting is finished, the biochar and decomposed substances after the composting can be applied to soil to effectively reduce the volume weight of the soil and increase the porosity, so that the water holding capacity of the soil is improved, the field climate is improved, the field water holding rate is adjusted, the structure of the soil can be improved, the soil is loosened, the three-phase proportion of the soil is stabilized, and the pH value of the soil is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new method for reducing nitrogen loss, in particular to a new method for reducing nitrogen loss in a perishable garbage composting process, and belongs to the technical field of perishable garbage composting.
Background
In recent years, with the explosive growth of population, the urbanization process is accelerated, the yield of municipal solid waste is increased day by day, and the components of the municipal solid waste are changed correspondingly with the change of consumption structure. But still has the obvious characteristics of high organic matter content, large water content, low heat value of the mixed and collected garbage and the like. According to statistics, the proportion of the perishable organic garbage in the urban domestic garbage is up to 70%. Compared with foreign countries, the dietary habit of the Chinese heavy salt heavy oil ensures that the domestic perishable garbage has high water content, high salinity and high organic matter content. When the soil is improperly treated, the soil is easily polluted, the safety of underground water is threatened, the atmospheric environment is influenced, and the health of a human body is more easily threatened; therefore, how to safely, quickly and stably treat and dispose the perishable garbage such as the kitchen garbage is an important problem to be solved for maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of the economy in China.
Composting is a process of promoting the conversion of organic matters with high biodegradability to stable humus and killing pathogens in a high-temperature process by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and the like widely existing in nature under the condition of artificially controlling the conditions such as ventilation volume, temperature, humidity and the like; the method has the advantages that the perishable garbage is subjected to composting treatment, the technology is mature, the capital construction and operation cost is low, the final product is a composting material and can be used as an organic fertilizer or an earth covering material, and the recovery of resources is realized; however, the aerobic composting process for treating perishable garbage has some problems, such as low treatment capacity due to long composting time, residual threat of toxic and harmful heavy metals, nitrogen loss and the like. The loss of nitrogen is especially serious. The loss of nitrogen not only brings foul smell and influences the surrounding environment to cause social attention, but also generates secondary pollution and aggravates ammonia emission.
The ammonia gas is the alkaline gas with the most abundant content in the atmospheric environment, and plays an important role in an ecosystem and the atmospheric environment. The ammonia gas can react with acidic substances such as SOx, NOx and the like in the atmosphere to form two most main ammonium salts in haze particles, namely (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO 3; in secondary generation of particulate matter of PM2.5, the proportion of ammonium salts is as high as 30% to 40%, whereas in heavily polluted weather the sum of the masses of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 accounts for about 40% to 60% of PM2.5, the higher the proportion in more heavily polluted weather. Therefore, the research on how to control the emission of ammonia gas is an important step in the current haze control action of China. According to statistics, the nitrogen loss of the aerobic compost is up to 77%, wherein the nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization can reach 43-71%, and the emission of N2O accounts for about 10% of the nitrogen loss. The high concentration of NH3 produced during composting not only causes severe nitrogen loss, but also pollutes the environment and endangers human health. The reduction of the emission of ammonia gas in the composting process can not only effectively solve the problems of environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emission of organic matters, but also improve the nitrogen content of compost products, improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility and promote the growth of crops.
The existing method for reducing nitrogen emission in the composting process mainly comprises a microbial agent addition method, a physical adsorption method and a chemical additive method; wherein, the microorganism agent adding method, such as Chinese patent CN109082399A, screens out a high-temperature heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrobacillusharbinensis BM62, which is used for reducing the volatilization of ammonia in the high-temperature period of livestock manure compost; chinese patent CN108456026A introduces ammonia oxidizing bacteria enriched from compost raw materials into compost materials for composting, thereby reducing ammonia volatilization of the compost; however, the method of adding the microbial inoculum needs to screen strains in the early stage, the microbes need to be domesticated and adapted, the culture time is long, and the microbes are easily influenced by the change of environmental conditions so as to influence the activity of the microbes. Chinese patent CN109650957A utilizes an ultra-high temperature pretreatment method to increase the temperature of the compost to 90-95 ℃ within 1-2h, and hydrolyzes complex carbon-containing organic matters such as protein and the like into amino acid, and then further degrades the amino acid into low molecular weight organic acid, thereby reducing the pH value of the subsequent compost materials and being beneficial to reducing the ammonia volatilization of the subsequent compost; furthermore, in different periods of the subsequent composting, the activities of the key microorganisms involved in the mineralization process of organic nitrogen, namely ammoniated bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and ammoniated fungi (Acremonium, Alternaria, Penicillium), as well as the enzymatic activities (urease and protease) are inhibited, which to some extent inhibits the mineralization of organic nitrogen into ammonia, resulting in a decrease in the content of ammonium nitrogen; however, this method requires a high stack temperature and requires a procedure and technical complexity far exceeding those of other processes. Chinese patent CN101575247 utilizes the mixture of wheat straw, calcium superphosphate and zeolite to physically absorb NH3 in the composting process, thereby reducing the nitrogen loss in the composting process; wherein, the zeolite has a silicate tetrahedral structure and has higher adsorption performance to ammonium ions, but the physical adsorption method has the problems of low efficiency, long treatment period and serious secondary pollution. Chinese patent CN101125768 uses Mg, P compound salt to carry on the method of the kitchen remainder aerobic composting nitrogen retention, can form struvite (the principal ingredients are MgNH4PO 4.6H 2O) in the compost product through the chemical action, reduce the loss of nitrogen, has strengthened the fixed action of nitrogen in the composting process. Chinese patent CN109650974A utilizes alpha-Fe 2O3 or Fe3O4 nano material to hinder nitrification, at the moment, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the pile is reduced, the nitrification process is inhibited, and thus the nitrogen loss caused by denitrification can be reduced. Chinese patent CN107353105A adds nitrogen-retaining agent ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate, the ferrous sulfate can be ionized to generate metal cations, the calcium superphosphate can hydrolyze to generate H +, which can break the balance between NH3 and NH4+, so that nitrogen in the stack exists mainly in the form of ammonium salt to reduce NH3 volatilization. Chinese patent CN107285824A adds nitrogen fixing agent composed of magnesium oxide and phosphoric acid into compost substrate of organic garbage, reduces nitrogen loss in the composting process, and increases nitrogen content and nutrient effectiveness of compost. Although the chemical adsorption methods can effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen, chemical agents are usually added, the treatment cost is higher, and the secondary pollution is serious.
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced by the pyrolysis of biomass. A great deal of research reports indicate that the biochar can provide positive effects for aerobic composting when being used as a compost filling agent due to the unique physicochemical characteristics of the biochar; the high porosity of the organic fertilizer improves the water retention capacity of compost, stores more oxygen, stimulates the rapid temperature rise in the composting process and improves the degradation speed of organic matters; meanwhile, a habitat is provided for the proliferation of various microorganisms; various necessary cations and anions generated in the composting process are also adsorbed, and ammonia volatilization is reduced, so that the composting process and the final product are improved. Chinese patent CN103787750A develops a method for using corn straw to pyrolyze biomass granular carbon and wood vinegar to reduce nitrogen loss in the composting process, increase organic phosphorus content, reduce odor pollution and reduce heavy metal concentration in the compost product. Therefore, a new method which is rapid and efficient, simple to operate, free of secondary pollution and capable of reducing nitrogen loss in the perishable garbage composting process is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a new method for reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process of perishable garbage, and solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The invention relates to a novel method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process of perishable garbage, which comprises the following specific steps:
The method comprises the following steps: adding Fenton reagent into the original sludge for deep dehydration conditioning, and performing plate-and-frame dehydration under the dehydration pressure of 0.8MPa and the diaphragm pressing pressure of 1.2MPa after stirring to prepare a mud cake; taking out the mud cakes, drying and grinding the mud cakes, sieving the mud cakes with a 80-mesh sieve, and firing the mud cakes in a tubular or horizontal pyrolysis experimental furnace at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain iron-based biochar;
Step two: mixing the iron-based biochar prepared in the step one with perishable garbage and chicken manure to form a mixture, and adjusting the water content to 40-50% to obtain a fermentation raw material;
Step three: adding fermentation raw materials into a compost box; in the composting process, a stirring shaft is driven to stir, CO2 and H2O generated in the reaction enter a deodorizing system through a filter screen on the side surface of a reaction bin in the composting box, are fully deodorized and then are discharged through an exhaust hole in the rear of the box body, and after the composting process is finished, compost substances are taken out at one time from a discharge hole in the upper part of the composting box.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step one, the Fenton reagent is prepared by the dosage ratio of 110mg of Fe (II) g-1Volatile Solid (VS) and 88mg of H2O2g-1 VS.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the Fenton reagent can be replaced by ferric trichloride, a Fenton-like reagent, potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt-ferrous iron/zero-valent iron or persulfate-ferrous iron/zero-valent iron.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the second step, the dry weight ratio of the chicken manure, the perishable garbage and the biochar in the mixture is 3 mg: 6-10 mg: 1 mg.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the perishable waste in the mixture comprises kitchen waste, vegetable, fruit and vegetable waste, bean dregs, rotten meat, meat fragments, egg shells and livestock and poultry viscera generated in farmer markets and agricultural product wholesale markets, and is not limited to the perishable waste.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before composting the mixture in the third step, the mixture needs to be inoculated with strains, and the inoculated strains can be from chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure, and can also be from purchased specific compost strains.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, through holes are arranged on a cover of the compost bin in the fourth step, the moisture content in the composting process is controlled to be 40-60%, the composting needs to be turned over once a day in the first two weeks and then once every week, and the duration of the composting is 1-2 months.
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the particle size of the iron-based biochar is 0.1-5mm, and the pyrolysis temperature is 300-800 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the novel method for reducing the nitrogen loss in the composting process of the perishable garbage has the following beneficial effects:
1. The biochar prepared in the novel method is derived from the iron mud obtained after deep dehydration of the sludge, has the advantages of low price and wide material source, and has the advantage of simple preparation process because a common pyrolysis furnace is used for pyrolysis.
2. In the novel method, the surface of the biochar has a certain pore structure, and the biochar prepared at the high temperature of 800 ℃ can better adsorb ammonium ions, so that the volatilization of NH4+ in the composting process is reduced, and the nitrogen preservation process is promoted.
3. In the new method, certain iron ions are doped in the biochar, the iron ions are necessary metal element prosthetic groups for a plurality of key metabolic enzymes, and the generation of catalase in the aerobic biological reaction process can be promoted by adding the iron-based biochar in the composting process.
4. According to the new method, the iron-based biochar is added, so that the increase amplitude of the pH value in the composting process can be effectively reduced, the highest pH can be reduced by 2.71, the biochar adsorbs NH4+ in the compost, the dissolution of NH4+ is inhibited, and the formation of hydroxyl ions is prevented, so that the increase amplitude of the pH value of the compost is effectively reduced.
5. the biochar prepared in the novel method can improve the emission of nitrogen in the composting process, and after the composting is finished, the biochar and decomposed substances after the composting are applied to soil, the volume weight of the soil can be effectively reduced, the porosity is increased, so that the water holding capacity of the soil is improved, the field climate is improved, the field water holding rate is adjusted, the structure of the soil can be improved, the soil is loosened, the three-phase proportion of the soil is stabilized, the pH value of the soil is increased, and the biochar is environment-friendly, safe and environment-friendly.
drawings
the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a novel method of reducing nitrogen loss during composting of perishable waste in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature change during composting in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in pH during composting in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the change in the rate of degradation of organic matter during composting of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in NH4+ content during composting in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in NO 3-content during composting in illustrative example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in pH during composting in illustrative 2 of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in NH4+ content during composting in illustrative example 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a new method for reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process of perishable garbage, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding Fenton reagent into the original sludge for deep dehydration conditioning, and performing plate-and-frame dehydration under the dehydration pressure of 0.8MPa and the diaphragm pressing pressure of 1.2MPa after stirring to prepare a mud cake; taking out the mud cakes, drying and grinding the mud cakes, sieving the mud cakes with a 80-mesh sieve, and firing the mud cakes in a tubular or horizontal pyrolysis experimental furnace at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain iron-based biochar;
Step two: mixing the iron-based biochar prepared in the step one with perishable garbage and chicken manure to form a mixture, and adjusting the water content to 40-50% to obtain a fermentation raw material;
step three: adding fermentation raw materials into a compost box; in the composting process, a stirring shaft is driven to stir, CO2 and H2O generated in the reaction enter a deodorizing system through a filter screen on the side surface of a reaction bin in the composting box, are fully deodorized and then are discharged through an exhaust hole in the rear of the box body, and after the composting process is finished, compost substances are taken out at one time from a discharge hole in the upper part of the composting box.
in the first step, the Fenton reagent is prepared by the dosage ratio of 110mg of Fe (II) g-1Volatile Solid (VS) and 88mg of H2O2g-1 VS.
The Fenton reagent can be replaced by ferric trichloride, a Fenton-like reagent, potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt-ferrous/zero-valent iron or persulfate-ferrous/zero-valent iron.
In the second step, the dry weight ratio of the chicken manure, the perishable garbage and the biochar in the mixture is 3 mg: 6-10 mg: 1 mg.
The perishable garbage in the mixture comprises kitchen garbage, vegetable, fruit and vegetable garbage, bean dregs, rotten meat, meat and broken bones, eggshells and livestock and poultry viscera generated in farmer markets and agricultural product wholesale markets, and is not limited to the perishable garbage.
In the third step, before composting the mixture, the mixture needs to be inoculated with strains, and the inoculated strains can be from chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure, and can also be from purchased specific compost strains.
In the fourth step, a cover of the compost box is provided with through holes, the water content in the composting process is controlled to be 40-60%, the compost needs to be turned over once a day in the first two weeks and then once every week, and the duration of the composting is 1-2 months.
The particle size of the iron-based biochar is 0.1-5mm, and the pyrolysis temperature is 300-800 ℃.
Example 1
Assuming that the perishable garbage is bean dregs, in order to research the influence of the iron-based biochar on the bean dreg composting process, a blank group without biochar is compared with an experimental group added with 100g of biochar in the experiment; 3.975kg of bean dregs and 1.025kg of chicken manure are initially added into each group, so that the dry weight ratio is 2: 1; the C/N ratio of the compost mixture is 12: 1.
The experiment adopts YEJ-050K type garbage compost bin; the volume of the box body is 385mm multiplied by 430mm multiplied by 580mm, the rated voltage is 220V, the maximum power consumption is 470W, the working capacity is 10kg, and the self weight of the box body is 18 kg.
The top of the device is a liftable top cover, and the liftable top cover is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet and is provided with a rubber ring to prevent the malodorous gas from leaking; the device is internally provided with a horizontal stirring shaft, the stirring paddle is arranged on the horizontal stirring shaft, the power is from an electric motor at the inner side of the box body, and the rotating speed and the rotating time are controlled by a sensor and a controller in the box body.
When the device is used, the top cover is opened, the bean dregs, the chicken manure and the biochar are added from the feed inlet at one time, and the motor is started after the power supply is switched on to drive the stirring shaft to stir; CO2, H2O and other gases generated in the reaction enter the deodorization system through a filter screen on the side surface of the internal reaction bin, are fully deodorized and then are discharged through an exhaust hole at the rear part of the box body; after the composting process is finished, the compost materials are taken out from the upper discharge hole at one time.
Measuring the temperature of the pile and sampling at fixed points in the time range of 17:00-19:00 in the afternoon every Monday, Monday and Saturday; during temperature measurement, four parallel values are measured through thermometers symmetrically inserted into the stack, and the arithmetic mean value of the four parallel values is taken as the temperature value of the stack on the day; fully mixing and stirring the stacked matter during sampling, mixing the materials after sampling from different heights and positions to ensure uniform sampling, sealing the materials by using a self-sealing bag, and storing the materials in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ on site for later determination of organic matter content, pH value, NH4+ content and NO 3-content.
as shown in fig. 2, the blank temperature range was 18 ℃ to 49 ℃ and the experimental temperature range was 18 ℃ to 49.33 ℃ throughout the composting period; in the early stage of composting, the temperature of the pile bodies of the blank group and the experimental group is quickly increased from the room temperature of 18 ℃ to about 45 ℃ from day 1 to day 5; in the middle stage of composting, the temperature change ranges of the blank group and the experimental group are smaller from 5 th day to 19 th day; after day 19, blank and experimental temperatures appeared to be decreasing in general trend; compared with the blank group, the peak temperature of the pile of the experimental group is higher after adding the biochar and reaches the upper temperature limit about day 19, while the temperature peak value of the blank group is lower, and the peak time appears on day 21 and is later than that of the experimental group.
The change situation of the pH value in the composting process is shown in figure 3, and the general change trends of the pH values of the blank group and the experimental group are firstly reduced and then increased in the whole composting process; the blank group had an initial pH of 6.65, whereas the experimental group had an initial pH of 6.98 due to the addition of charcoal; in the early stage of composting, as the water content of the compost is reduced, the blank group and the experimental group both have obvious pH reduction, the pH of the blank group is reduced from 6.65 to 5.03, and the pH of the experimental group is reduced from 6.98 to 4.88; after day 3, the pH of the blank group sharply rises to 8.66, then gradually falls, and the pH of the experimental group slowly increases to 5.35 after 19 days; after day 19, both blank and experimental pH appeared to rise, eventually blank pH rose to 8.69 and experimental pH rose to 7.69.
During the whole composting process, the blank group is in an alkaline environment for a long time, while the experimental group is in an acidic environment for most of the time.
The change condition of the organic matters in the compost in the whole experiment is shown in figure 4, the content of the organic matters in the blank group and the experimental group is continuously reduced in the whole composting process, and the degradation rate of the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the blank group; the initial organic matter content of the blank group is 85.18%, the initial organic matter content of the experimental group is 77.96% lower than that of the blank group due to the addition of 100g of charcoal, and the degradation rates of the two groups of organic matters are compared due to the large difference between the initial organic matter contents of the blank group and the experimental group; in the early stage of composting, before the 9 th day, because the water content is reduced, the degradation rate of organic matters is reduced to different degrees in a blank group and an experimental group; in the 9 th to 33 th days of composting, as the moisture is supplemented in the later period, the degradation rate of organic matters in the blank group and the experimental group is improved, and the organic matters reach the highest value in the 33 th day; after the composting day 33, the water content is rapidly reduced again, and the degradation rates of the organic matters in the blank group and the experimental group are reduced again; however, the degradation rate of the organic matters in the experimental group added with the biochar is always higher than that in the blank group without the biochar.
The change of nitrogen-containing substances during composting is shown in FIG. 5(NH4+ content) and FIG. 6(NO 3-content); in the composting process, the NH4+ content and the NO 3-content of the experimental group are higher than those of the blank group in most of time, and the experimental group can see the trend of rising first and then falling; as shown in fig. 5, the NH4+ content decreased in both the blank and experimental groups from day 1 to day 3 of composting; after day 3, the content of NH4+ in the experimental group increased back, reached a peak value of 8.94% on day 9, and then decreased slowly, while the content of NH4+ in the blank group decreased continuously, and reached a minimum value of 2.44% on day 14, and then continued at a lower level all the time; overall, the content of NH4+ in the experimental group is higher than that in the blank group NH4 +; as shown in FIG. 6, in the early composting period, the NO 3-content of the blank group is continuously reduced, the NO 3-content of the experimental group is increased until the peak value is 4.39%, and then the NO 3-content of the experimental group and the NO 3-content of the blank group show a descending trend; as with the NH4+ content, the trend for the NO 3-content was shown to be higher for the experimental group as a whole than for the blank group.
Example 2
To investigate the effect of iron-based biochar on nitrogen loss in the heap at the early stages of composting, experiments were conducted in thickened foam boxes (external diameter: 33 cm. times.25.5 cm. times.28 cm, internal diameter: 26.5 cm. times.18.5 cm. times.21 cm, wall thickness: 3.5 cm); the foam box was not perforated except at the bottom, and holes of 4cm diameter were drilled on several sides.
In the experiment, a blank group without adding the biochar and an experimental group with 100g of biochar are compared; each group of initially added okara: the dry weight ratio of chicken manure is 2:1, the total wet weight is controlled to be 5kg, the C/N ratio of compost mixed materials is 12:1, and the compost mixed materials are turned over once at 6 pm every day; as a result, the pH was gradually increased in the initial period of composting, but the pH of the blank group to which no biochar was added was consistently higher than that of the experimental group to which biochar was added (fig. 7); in the initial period of composting, the content of NH4+ in the blank group without adding biochar is higher than that in the experimental group with adding biochar (figure 8); when the composting process is carried out for 12 days, the NH4+ content is relatively close, which is probably caused by the lower moisture content (27-32%) in the day, a large amount of water is volatilized, the volatilization of NH4+ is caused, and the residual NH4+ content in the composting material is relatively low.
The biochar prepared in the novel method is derived from the iron mud obtained after deep dehydration of the sludge, has the advantages of low price and wide material source, and has the advantage of simple preparation process because a common pyrolysis furnace is used for pyrolysis; the surface of the biochar has a certain pore structure, and the biochar prepared at the high temperature of 800 ℃ can better adsorb ammonium ions, so that the volatilization of NH4+ in the composting process is reduced, and the nitrogen preservation process is promoted; certain iron ions are doped in the biochar, the iron ions are necessary metal element prosthetic groups for a plurality of key metabolic enzymes, and the generation of catalase in the aerobic biological reaction process can be promoted by adding the iron-based biochar in the composting process; the biomass charcoal adsorbs NH4+ in the compost, inhibits the dissolution of NH4+, prevents the formation of hydroxide ions, thereby effectively reducing the increase amplitude of the pH value of the compost; the biochar can improve the emission of nitrogen in the composting process, and after the composting is finished, the biochar and decomposed substances after the composting can be applied to soil to effectively reduce the volume weight of the soil and increase the porosity, so that the water holding capacity of the soil is improved, the field climate is improved, the field water holding rate is adjusted, the structure of the soil can be improved, the soil is loosened, the three-phase proportion of the soil is stabilized, the pH value of the soil is increased, and the biochar is environment-friendly, safe and environment-friendly.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A novel method for reducing nitrogen loss in a perishable waste composting process is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
The method comprises the following steps: adding Fenton reagent into the original sludge for deep dehydration conditioning, and performing plate-and-frame dehydration under the dehydration pressure of 0.8MPa and the diaphragm pressing pressure of 1.2MPa after stirring to prepare a mud cake; taking out the mud cakes, drying and grinding the mud cakes, sieving the mud cakes with a 80-mesh sieve, and firing the mud cakes in a tubular or horizontal pyrolysis experimental furnace at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain iron-based biochar;
Step two: mixing the iron-based biochar prepared in the step one with perishable garbage and chicken manure to form a mixture, and adjusting the water content to 40-50% to obtain a fermentation raw material;
Step three: adding fermentation raw materials into a compost box; in the composting process, a stirring shaft is driven to stir, CO2 and H2O generated in the reaction enter a deodorizing system through a filter screen on the side surface of a reaction bin in the composting box, are fully deodorized and then are discharged through an exhaust hole in the rear of the box body, and after the composting process is finished, compost substances are taken out at one time from a discharge hole in the upper part of the composting box.
2. the method of claim 1, wherein in step one the fenton's reagent is dosed with 110mg Fe (II) g-1Volatile Solid (VS) and 88mg H2O2g-1 VS.
3. A novel method of reducing nitrogen loss during composting of perishable waste as claimed in claim 2 wherein the fenton reagent is replaced with ferric chloride, fenton-like reagent, oxone complex salt-ferrous/zero valent iron or persulfate-ferrous/zero valent iron.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step two the dry weight ratio of chicken manure, perishable waste and biochar in the mixture is 3 mg: 6-10 mg: 1 mg.
5. the method of claim 4, wherein the perishable waste in the mixture includes but is not limited to kitchen waste, vegetable and fruit waste, bean dregs, meat bones, egg shells, and livestock and poultry waste from farmer markets and wholesale markets.
6. A novel method of reducing nitrogen loss during composting of perishable waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step three prior to composting the mixture, inoculation of the mixture with inoculum from chicken manure, pig manure or cow manure, or from purchased specific composting species is required.
7. a novel method of reducing nitrogen loss during composting of perishable waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lid of the compost bin is provided with through holes in step four, the moisture content during composting is controlled to 40-60%, the compost is required to be turned once a day for the first two weeks and then once a week for the duration of composting to be 1-2 months.
8. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the iron-based biochar is 0.1-5mm, and the pyrolysis temperature is 300-800 ℃.
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