WO2021046853A1 - Aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021046853A1
WO2021046853A1 PCT/CN2019/105845 CN2019105845W WO2021046853A1 WO 2021046853 A1 WO2021046853 A1 WO 2021046853A1 CN 2019105845 W CN2019105845 W CN 2019105845W WO 2021046853 A1 WO2021046853 A1 WO 2021046853A1
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Prior art keywords
kitchen waste
aerobic
aerobic treatment
bacillus
treatment
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PCT/CN2019/105845
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
袁增伟
张诗文
覃祖茂
盛虎
王婷
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南京大学（溧水）生态环境研究院
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/105845 priority Critical patent/WO2021046853A1/en
Publication of WO2021046853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021046853A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/085—Bacillus cereus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/10—Bacillus licheniformis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the environmental field, and particularly relates to a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste.
  • Food waste generally refers to food cuttings and food residues in restaurants, hotels and other catering industries, as well as in public canteens such as enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities.
  • food waste is increasing day by day.
  • the daily production of kitchen waste in my country exceeds 20Kt.
  • the daily occurrence of scum in Shanghai alone amounts to more than 1,300 tons.
  • As food waste is prone to fermentation, deterioration, and decay, it not only produces a lot of toxins, emits malodorous gas, but also pollutes water and the atmosphere, seriously affecting environmental sanitation, and posing a potential threat to people's health.
  • the problem of scum-foot waste disposal has been severely confronted by people.
  • Landfill method Garbage is collected and shipped to landfills for paving and compaction. Its advantage is simple and easy to implement. The disadvantage is that it causes pollution of groundwater, air, and surrounding environment, and occupies a lot of land.
  • Incineration method a comprehensive treatment process of solid waste high-temperature decomposition and deep oxidation. The advantage is that the waste volume can be quickly and greatly reduced, harmful bacteria can be eliminated, and it can also be used for heating and power generation. The disadvantage is that the investment is large, harmful substances (such as dioxins, etc.) are discharged into the atmosphere and the undesirable dust is scattered, and the power generation is limited.
  • Composting The waste becomes harmless humus after fermentation, but the fermentation cycle is long, the nutrient content is low, and the treated volume is large. It is only suitable for rural areas with inconvenient transportation and not suitable for cities with large amounts of kitchen waste.
  • the current aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste is still ineffective, and the treatment cycle is still too long.
  • the present invention provides a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste.
  • the present invention provides a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste, including the following steps:
  • the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus ( Bacillus cereus).
  • the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 50-60% of the effective viable bacteria
  • the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for the effective viable bacteria. 20-30%, Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 4-10% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus subtilis accounted for 3-10% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) cereus) accounted for 3-10% of the number of effective viable bacteria.
  • the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 55% of the effective viable bacteria
  • the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 25% of the effective viable bacteria.
  • Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria
  • Bacillus subtilis accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria
  • Bacillus cereus accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria. Is 6%.
  • step (2) crush to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
  • step (3) the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated material with water at 55° C.-90° C. to remove salt and grease in the material.
  • the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 40-60°C, rotating speed at 2-6 revolutions per minute, air intake per kilogram of solids at 3-10 m 3 /h, and fermentation at 10- 15 days.
  • step (5) the temperature for drying and sterilizing is 120-160°C.
  • the aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste provided by the present invention utilizes microorganisms to treat kitchen waste, has good treatment effect and high treatment efficiency, and is suitable for industrial applications.
  • the method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • crushed materials are subjected to dehydration and desalting and degreasing treatments in sequence; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 55° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
  • the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 40°C and rotating speed It is 2 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solids is 3m 3 /h, and the fermentation is for 10 days.
  • the mixed bacteria used for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus (Bacillus cereus);
  • the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 50% of the effective live bacteria
  • the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 20% of the effective live bacteria
  • Bacillus licheniformis accounts for the effective live bacteria.
  • the ratio of the number of bacteria is 10%
  • the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to the number of effective viable bacteria is 10%
  • the ratio of Bacillus cereus to the number of effective viable bacteria is 10%.
  • the above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.
  • the method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • the crushed materials are sequentially dehydrated and desalted and degreasing treatment; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 90° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
  • the conditions for aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 60°C and rotating speed It is 6 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solid matter is 10m 3 /h, and the fermentation is 15 days.
  • the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 60% of the effective viable bacteria
  • the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 30% of the effective viable bacteria
  • Bacillus licheniformis accounts for 60% of the effective viable bacteria.
  • the ratio of the number of bacteria is 4%
  • the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to the number of effective viable bacteria is 3%
  • the ratio of Bacillus cereus to the number of effective viable bacteria is 3%.
  • the above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.
  • the method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
  • crushed materials are subjected to dehydration and desalting and degreasing treatments in sequence; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 70° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
  • the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 50°C and rotating speed It is 4 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solid matter is 6m 3 /h, and the fermentation is 12 days.
  • the mixed bacteria used for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus (Bacillus cereus);
  • the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 55% of the effective live bacteria
  • the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 25% of the effective live bacteria
  • Bacillus licheniformis accounts for 55% of the effective live bacteria.
  • the proportion of the number of bacteria is 7%
  • the proportion of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is 7%
  • the proportion of Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is 6%.
  • the above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.

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Abstract

An aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste comprises the following steps: performing impurity removal processing on kitchen waste generated on the same day, so as to obtain a purified material; filtering out excess waste water, then performing sorting, and crushing the material that has undergone the preliminary filtering and sorting; subsequently performing dehydration processing and desalination and degreasing processing on the crushed material; adjusting the dehydrated, desalted, and degreased material, then mixing same with mixed aerobic bacteria, and performing aerobic fermentation; and drying, sterilizing, screening, and crushing the material that has undergone the aerobic fermentation, so as to obtain a kitchen waste fermentation product. The method uses microorganisms to treat kitchen waste, achieves good treatment performance and high treatment efficiency, and is suitable for industrial application.

Description

一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法Method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于环境领域，特别涉及一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法。The invention belongs to the environmental field, and particularly relates to a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste.
背景技术Background technique
厨余垃圾(泔脚)泛指饭店、宾馆等餐饮业，以及企事业单位、大专院校等公共食堂的食物下料和食物残余。随着城市经济高速增长，城市规模的迅速扩大，厨余垃圾与日俱增。我国每天厨余垃圾的产生量超过20Kt，据报道，仅上海市每天泔脚的发生量就达1300余吨。由于厨余垃圾容易发酵，变质，腐烂，不仅产生大量毒素，散发恶臭气体，还污染水体和大气，严重影响环境卫生，对人们的健康构成潜在威胁。因而，泔脚垃圾处理问题已严峻摆在了人们面前。Food waste (scratch feet) generally refers to food cuttings and food residues in restaurants, hotels and other catering industries, as well as in public canteens such as enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities. With the rapid economic growth of cities and the rapid expansion of the scale of cities, food waste is increasing day by day. The daily production of kitchen waste in my country exceeds 20Kt. According to reports, the daily occurrence of scum in Shanghai alone amounts to more than 1,300 tons. As food waste is prone to fermentation, deterioration, and decay, it not only produces a lot of toxins, emits malodorous gas, but also pollutes water and the atmosphere, seriously affecting environmental sanitation, and posing a potential threat to people's health. As a result, the problem of scum-foot waste disposal has been severely confronted by people.
我国传统的厨余垃圾处理方式是直接送到养殖场喂养生猪，此种处理方式对环境存在着多种潜在的危害，极易导致疾病的传播。近年来禽流感，口蹄疫等传染性疾病大规模流行，人畜间的交叉感染已经对人类的健康，社会的稳定构成了极大的威胁。目前，上海，苏州等市相继制定了相关政策，明令禁止用泔脚喂养生猪。The traditional way of processing food waste in my country is to send it directly to the farm to feed pigs. This kind of treatment has many potential hazards to the environment and can easily lead to the spread of diseases. In recent years, infectious diseases such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease have spread on a large scale, and cross-infection between humans and animals has posed a great threat to human health and social stability. At present, Shanghai, Suzhou and other cities have successively formulated relevant policies, expressly prohibiting the use of swill to feed live pigs.
目前世界各国处理这类垃圾的方法通常有：1)填埋法：通过垃圾收集，装运到填埋场铺平压实。其优点为简便易行。缺点为造成地下水、空气、周围环境污染，且占用大量土地。2)焚烧法：固体废弃物高温分解，深度氧化的综合处理过程。其优点为迅速大幅度减少废弃物容积，消除有害细菌，还能用来供热发电。缺点为投资大，向大气排放有害物质(如二噁英等)并散布不良尘埃，且发电量有限。3)堆肥：垃圾发酵后成为无害的腐植质，但发酵周期长，养分含量低，处理后体积大，仅适用于交通不便的农村，不适于厨余垃圾产生量较大的城市。At present, the methods used by countries in the world to dispose of this kind of garbage are: 1) Landfill method: Garbage is collected and shipped to landfills for paving and compaction. Its advantage is simple and easy to implement. The disadvantage is that it causes pollution of groundwater, air, and surrounding environment, and occupies a lot of land. 2) Incineration method: a comprehensive treatment process of solid waste high-temperature decomposition and deep oxidation. The advantage is that the waste volume can be quickly and greatly reduced, harmful bacteria can be eliminated, and it can also be used for heating and power generation. The disadvantage is that the investment is large, harmful substances (such as dioxins, etc.) are discharged into the atmosphere and the undesirable dust is scattered, and the power generation is limited. 3) Composting: The waste becomes harmless humus after fermentation, but the fermentation cycle is long, the nutrient content is low, and the treated volume is large. It is only suitable for rural areas with inconvenient transportation and not suitable for cities with large amounts of kitchen waste.
厨余垃圾作为一种有机质废弃物，有机质含量丰富，在实际处理处置过程中常采用好氧发酵技术对厨余垃圾进行资源化。好氧发酵过程中，含水率 是关键的控制因素之一，过高的含水率会阻碍气体在好氧发酵体系中的传质，从而使得好氧发酵体系趋于厌氧；过低的含水率会使得体系中微生物的活动受到抑制，不利于有机质的分解和腐殖化。As a kind of organic waste, kitchen waste is rich in organic matter. In the actual treatment and disposal process, aerobic fermentation technology is often used to recycle kitchen waste. In the process of aerobic fermentation, the moisture content is one of the key control factors. Too high moisture content will hinder the mass transfer of gas in the aerobic fermentation system, so that the aerobic fermentation system tends to be anaerobic; too low moisture content It will inhibit the activities of microorganisms in the system, which is not conducive to the decomposition and humification of organic matter.
目前厨余垃圾好氧处理方法处理效果仍然不佳，处理周期仍然过长。The current aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste is still ineffective, and the treatment cycle is still too long.
技术问题：为了解决现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供了用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法。Technical problem: In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste.
技术解决方案：本发明提供的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，包括以下步骤：Technical solution: The present invention provides a method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste, including the following steps:
(1)将当日产生的厨余垃圾进行除杂处理，得到除杂后的物料；(1) The kitchen waste generated on the day is processed for impurity removal, and the materials after impurity removal are obtained;
(2)过滤多余泔水后，分拣，将初步过滤分拣后的物料粉碎；(2) After filtering the excess swill, sort, and crush the materials after preliminary filtering and sorting;
(3)将粉碎后的物料依次进行脱水和脱盐脱脂处理；(3) Dewatering and desalting and degreasing the crushed materials in sequence;
(4)调节脱水和脱盐脱脂处理后的物料，使其含水率在50％～75％，然后与好氧混合菌混合，进行好氧发酵；(4) Adjust the material after dehydration and desalination and degreasing treatment to make it have a moisture content of 50% to 75%, and then mix it with aerobic mixed bacteria for aerobic fermentation;
(5)将好氧发酵的物料进行烘干灭菌和筛选粉碎，得到厨余发酵产物。(5) Drying, sterilizing, screening and pulverizing the aerobic fermentation materials to obtain food waste fermentation products.
优选地，好氧处理中用到的混合菌包括金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。Preferably, the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus ( Bacillus cereus).
优选地，好氧处理中用到的混合菌中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为50-60％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为20-30％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为4-10％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为3-10％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为3-10％。Preferably, in the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment, the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 50-60% of the effective viable bacteria, and the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for the effective viable bacteria. 20-30%, Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 4-10% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus subtilis accounted for 3-10% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) cereus) accounted for 3-10% of the number of effective viable bacteria.
优选地，好氧处理中用到的混合菌中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为55％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为25％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为7％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus  subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为7％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为6％。Preferably, among the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment, the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 55% of the effective viable bacteria, and the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 25% of the effective viable bacteria. %, Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus subtilis accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria, and Bacillus cereus accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria. Is 6%.
步骤(2)中，碎至粒径为1～3cm。In step (2), crush to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
步骤(3)中，所述脱盐脱脂处理为用55℃-90℃的水对脱水后的物料进行清洗以脱除物料中的盐和油脂。In step (3), the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated material with water at 55° C.-90° C. to remove salt and grease in the material.
步骤(4)中，好氧发酵处理的条件包括：控制发酵温度为40-60℃，转速为2-6转/分钟，每千克固形物的进风量为3-10m 3/h，发酵10-15天。 In step (4), the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 40-60°C, rotating speed at 2-6 revolutions per minute, air intake per kilogram of solids at 3-10 m 3 /h, and fermentation at 10- 15 days.
步骤(5)中，烘干灭菌的温度为120-160℃。In step (5), the temperature for drying and sterilizing is 120-160°C.
有益效果：本发明提供的厨余垃圾好氧处理方法利用微生物对厨余垃圾处理，处理效果好，处理效率高，适于工业化应用。Beneficial effects: The aerobic treatment method for kitchen waste provided by the present invention utilizes microorganisms to treat kitchen waste, has good treatment effect and high treatment efficiency, and is suitable for industrial applications.
实施该发明的最佳实施例The best embodiment for implementing the invention
本发明的最佳实施方式The best mode of the present invention
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，包括以下步骤：The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
(1)将当日产生的厨余垃圾进行除杂处理，得到除杂后的物料；(1) The kitchen waste generated on the day is processed for impurity removal, and the materials after impurity removal are obtained;
(2)过滤多余泔水后，分拣，将初步过滤分拣后的物料粉碎；碎至粒径为1～3cm。(2) After filtering the excess swill, sort, and crush the materials after preliminary filtering and sorting; crush to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
(3)将粉碎后的物料依次进行脱水和脱盐脱脂处理；所述脱盐脱脂处理为用55℃的水对脱水后的物料进行清洗以脱除物料中的盐和油脂。(3) The crushed materials are subjected to dehydration and desalting and degreasing treatments in sequence; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 55° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
(4)调节脱水和脱盐脱脂处理后的物料，使其含水率在50％，然后与好氧混合菌混合，进行好氧发酵；好氧发酵处理的条件包括：控制发酵温度为40℃，转速为2转/分钟，每千克固形物的进风量为3m 3/h，发酵10天。 (4) Adjust the material after dehydration and desalination and degreasing to make it have a moisture content of 50%, and then mix it with aerobic mixed bacteria to carry out aerobic fermentation; the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 40°C and rotating speed It is 2 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solids is 3m 3 /h, and the fermentation is for 10 days.
(5)将好氧发酵的物料进行烘干灭菌和筛选粉碎，得到厨余发酵产物；烘干灭菌的温度为120℃。(5) Drying, sterilizing, screening and crushing the aerobic fermentation materials to obtain food waste fermentation products; the temperature for drying and sterilizing is 120°C.
其中，用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌，包括金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌( Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)；Among them, the mixed bacteria used for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus (Bacillus cereus);
其中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为50％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为20％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为10％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为10％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为10％。Among them, the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 50% of the effective live bacteria, the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 20% of the effective live bacteria, and Bacillus licheniformis accounts for the effective live bacteria. The ratio of the number of bacteria is 10%, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to the number of effective viable bacteria is 10%, and the ratio of Bacillus cereus to the number of effective viable bacteria is 10%.
上述用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌的制备方法，将干燥的金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)混合均匀，即得。The above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.
实施例2Example 2
用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，包括以下步骤：The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
(1)将当日产生的厨余垃圾进行除杂处理，得到除杂后的物料；(1) The kitchen waste generated on the day is processed for impurity removal, and the materials after impurity removal are obtained;
(2)过滤多余泔水后，分拣，将初步过滤分拣后的物料粉碎；碎至粒径为1～3cm。(2) After filtering the excess swill, sort, and crush the materials after preliminary filtering and sorting; crush to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
(3)将粉碎后的物料依次进行脱水和脱盐脱脂处理；所述脱盐脱脂处理为用90℃的水对脱水后的物料进行清洗以脱除物料中的盐和油脂。(3) The crushed materials are sequentially dehydrated and desalted and degreasing treatment; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 90° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
(4)调节脱水和脱盐脱脂处理后的物料，使其含水率在75％，然后与好氧混合菌混合，进行好氧发酵；好氧发酵处理的条件包括：控制发酵温度为60℃，转速为6转/分钟，每千克固形物的进风量为10m 3/h，发酵15天。 (4) Adjust the material after dehydration and desalination and degreasing to make it have a moisture content of 75%, and then mix it with aerobic mixed bacteria to carry out aerobic fermentation; the conditions for aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 60°C and rotating speed It is 6 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solid matter is 10m 3 /h, and the fermentation is 15 days.
(5)将好氧发酵的物料进行烘干灭菌和筛选粉碎，得到厨余发酵产物；烘干灭菌的温度为120-160℃。(5) Drying, sterilizing, screening and crushing the aerobic fermentation materials to obtain food waste fermentation products; the temperature for drying and sterilizing is 120-160°C.
用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌，包括金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)；Mixed bacteria used for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste, including Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus ( Bacillus cereus);
其中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum )占有效活菌数量比例为60％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为30％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为4％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为3％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为3％。Among them, the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 60% of the effective viable bacteria, the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 30% of the effective viable bacteria, and Bacillus licheniformis accounts for 60% of the effective viable bacteria. The ratio of the number of bacteria is 4%, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to the number of effective viable bacteria is 3%, and the ratio of Bacillus cereus to the number of effective viable bacteria is 3%.
上述用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌的制备方法，将干燥的金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)混合均匀，即得。The above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.
实施例3Example 3
用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，包括以下步骤：The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes the following steps:
(1)将当日产生的厨余垃圾进行除杂处理，得到除杂后的物料；(1) The kitchen waste generated on the day is processed for impurity removal, and the materials after impurity removal are obtained;
(2)过滤多余泔水后，分拣，将初步过滤分拣后的物料粉碎；碎至粒径为1～3cm。(2) After filtering the excess swill, sort, and crush the materials after preliminary filtering and sorting; crush to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
(3)将粉碎后的物料依次进行脱水和脱盐脱脂处理；所述脱盐脱脂处理为用70℃的水对脱水后的物料进行清洗以脱除物料中的盐和油脂。(3) The crushed materials are subjected to dehydration and desalting and degreasing treatments in sequence; the desalting and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 70° C. to remove salt and grease in the materials.
(4)调节脱水和脱盐脱脂处理后的物料，使其含水率在65％，然后与好氧混合菌混合，进行好氧发酵；好氧发酵处理的条件包括：控制发酵温度为50℃，转速为4转/分钟，每千克固形物的进风量为6m 3/h，发酵12天。 (4) Adjust the material after dehydration and desalination and degreasing to make it have a moisture content of 65%, and then mix with aerobic mixed bacteria to carry out aerobic fermentation; the conditions of aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature at 50°C and rotating speed It is 4 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solid matter is 6m 3 /h, and the fermentation is 12 days.
(5)将好氧发酵的物料进行烘干灭菌和筛选粉碎，得到厨余发酵产物；烘干灭菌的温度为140℃。(5) Drying, sterilizing, screening and crushing the aerobic fermented materials to obtain food waste fermentation products; the temperature of drying and sterilizing is 140°C.
其中，用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌，包括金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)；Among them, the mixed bacteria used for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus (Bacillus cereus);
其中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为55％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为25％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为7％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比 例为7％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为6％。Among them, the Brevibacterium aureum accounts for 55% of the effective live bacteria, the Pediococcus acidilactici accounts for 25% of the effective live bacteria, and Bacillus licheniformis accounts for 55% of the effective live bacteria. The proportion of the number of bacteria is 7%, the proportion of Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is 7%, and the proportion of Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is 6%.
上述用于厨余垃圾好氧处理的混合菌的制备方法，将干燥的金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)混合均匀，即得。The above method for preparing mixed bacteria for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste includes dry Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. , Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) is mixed evenly to obtain.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的若干实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：A method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    (1)将当日产生的厨余垃圾进行除杂处理，得到除杂后的物料；(1) The kitchen waste generated on the day is processed for impurity removal, and the materials after impurity removal are obtained;
    (2)过滤多余泔水后，分拣，将初步过滤分拣后的物料粉碎；(2) After filtering the excess swill, sort, and crush the materials after preliminary filtering and sorting;
    (3)将粉碎后的物料依次进行脱水和脱盐脱脂处理；(3) Dewatering and desalting and degreasing the crushed materials in sequence;
    (4)调节脱水和脱盐脱脂处理后的物料，使其含水率在50％～75％，然后与好氧混合菌混合，进行好氧发酵；(4) Adjust the material after dehydration and desalination and degreasing treatment to make it have a moisture content of 50% to 75%, and then mix it with aerobic mixed bacteria for aerobic fermentation;
    (5)将好氧发酵的物料进行烘干灭菌和筛选粉碎，得到厨余发酵产物。(5) Drying, sterilizing, screening and pulverizing the aerobic fermentation materials to obtain food waste fermentation products.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：好氧处理中用到的混合菌包括金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment include Brevibacterium aureum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and lichen Bacillus (Bacillus licheniformis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus).
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：好氧处理中用到的混合菌中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为50-60％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为20-30％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比例为4-10％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为3-10％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为3-10％。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein among the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment, the proportion of Brevibacterium aureum in the number of effective viable bacteria is 50-60%, the Pediococcus acidilactici accounted for 20-30% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 4-10% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) accounted for 3-10% of the number of effective live bacteria, and Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) accounted for 3-10% of the number of effective live bacteria.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：好氧处理中用到的混合菌中，所述金黄短杆菌(Brevibacterium aureum)占有效活菌数量比例为55％，所述乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)占有效活菌数量比例为25％，地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)占有效活菌数量比 例为7％，枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)占有效活菌数量比例为7％，蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)占有效活菌数量比例为6％。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein among the mixed bacteria used in the aerobic treatment, the proportion of Brevibacterium aureum in the number of effective viable bacteria is 55%, the Pediococcus acidilactici accounted for 25% of the effective viable bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis accounted for 7% of the effective viable bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis accounted for the effective viable bacteria. The number ratio is 7%, and the ratio of Bacillus cereus to the number of effective viable bacteria is 6%.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，碎至粒径为1～3cm。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (2), crushing to a particle size of 1 to 3 cm.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，所述脱盐脱脂处理为用55℃-90℃的水对脱水后的物料进行清洗以脱除物料中的盐和油脂。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), the desalination and degreasing treatment is to wash the dehydrated materials with water at 55°C-90°C To remove the salt and grease in the material.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，好氧发酵处理的条件包括：控制发酵温度为40-60℃，转速为2-6转/分钟，每千克固形物的进风量为3-10m 3/h，发酵10-15天。 The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (4), the conditions for aerobic fermentation treatment include: controlling the fermentation temperature to 40-60°C and the rotation speed to 2 6 revolutions per minute, the air intake per kilogram of solid matter is 3-10m 3 /h, and the fermentation is 10-15 days.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于厨余垃圾好氧处理方法，其特征在于：步骤(5)中，烘干灭菌的温度为120-160℃。The method for aerobic treatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the temperature of drying and sterilizing is 120-160°C.
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