JPH08214715A - Rice crop farming for increasing rice yield with no weed growth and no need of rice seedling transplanation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide the subject farming method preventing weed growth with no need of conventional rice seedling transplantation system so called requiring much labor, also capable of accomplishing marked increase in rice yield. CONSTITUTION: In order to kill down weeds, the whole surface of a paddy field is covered with a sheet of water-resistant paper (with such moderate water resistance as to be disintegrable in the paddy field within about 2-3 months) or a sheet of water-resistant paper numerously perforated so as to be impassable for weed buds. On this sheet of water-resistant paper, a considerable number of unhulled rice grains are stably arranged and fixed in a mutually spaced fashion as widely as possible and so as not to restrain the buds and roots germinated from the unhulled rice grains from extending toward the sky and into the ground to effect minimizing mutual interference of the resultant seedlings, thus enabling to reduce the labor involved in rice crop and to markedly increase rice yield.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a completely new rice farming method for paddy fields.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The conventional rice farming method is the most widely practiced so-called rice planting method for transplanting seedlings cultivated at the seedling age from the ancient times, and next is the direct seeding cultivation method. Is. Rice planting methods include traditional hand-planting methods and mechanical planting with rice transplanters, but now, due to labor saving, mechanical planting accounts for over 90% of the whole country. For direct sowing, the method of direct sowing on the dry rice field first and then draining the water afterwards, and the method of flooding the rice field with the direct water sowing machine at 0.5 ~
Generally, a method of directly sowing paddy within a distance of about 2.0 cm and covering the soil in a flooded state is performed.

[0003]

The conventional so-called rice planting method has many defects. First of all, among the roots grown once in the seedlings, the capillary roots, which are the most important for absorbing nutrients, are almost lost due to various actions during transplantation, and it is recovered by transplantation. Takes a considerable number of days, and sometimes it does not recover and grows separately due to residual functions, which significantly delays healthy rooting of the root paddy fields and has a drawback that it greatly affects subsequent growth. Secondly, when planting rice, usually 3 or 4 seedlings are planted together, but at that time, whether by manual planting or mechanical planting, 3 or 4 seedlings are plunged into the paddy field in contact. In addition to the damage to the roots, the seedlings must be densely planted. Therefore, the number of seedlings is limited to four. It has been confirmed that the regular rice seedling cultivation interval is about 3 grains per 1 cm ² (Encyclopedia of Rice Production,
Agricultural Cooperative Edition), in a fairly densely packed state. Naturally, dense planting will make it easy for the seedlings to be transmitted from a very small portion of the seedlings that carry blast and scabbardling disease of rice, and to soak rice in a sufficient amount to prevent it. I have no choice but to
It has already been forced to pickle pesticides from the paddy stage.

Further disadvantages of dense planting are that roots of seedlings are entangled with each other, the total nutrients (fertilizer, dissolved oxygen, etc.) absorbed by hair roots are less distributed per unit seedling, and grown stems and leaves are also between stems. Since the isolated space becomes narrower, the sun exposure and wind exposure (carbon assimilation by water and carbon dioxide in the air and light) become worse, which is the main factor behind the rice growth. For the above reasons, according to the literature on rice cultivation (above Encyclopedia of rice cultivation, etc.), the best relationship between the number of seedlings and the subsequent growth is one planting, and the growth rate decreases as the number increases. The rice cultivation experiment has revealed what to do. In addition, in a comparison experiment of the number of days after germination and the degree of growth of rice seedlings, when seedlings 7 days after germination and seedlings 20 days after germination were planted at the same time, the initial growth was It is faster, but it has been reported that 30 days after the rice planting, the seedlings have overtaken the seedlings, and after that, the seedlings have overtaken. The fact supports the fact that the seedlings with almost no above-mentioned capillary roots have a larger growth potential.

[0005] Therefore, compared to the general rice planting method, the direct sowing method, which is closer to the milk seedling planting, has a stronger view that the growth ability of the seedlings after germination is large and good, but the direct sowing method also has many defects. . In the case of the first dry direct sowing, there is a concern that birds may be damaged before germination, and in addition to that, due to the change of the ground surface when the rice is flooded, the paddy becomes too deep and becomes ungerminated or shallow. In order to prevent it from becoming overgrown and causing paddy, it requires a great deal of attention to the smoothness of the ground surface compared to the normal rice planting method, which requires extra effort, but the paddy at the time of flooding In order to prevent the floating flow of rice, it is necessary to sow a little deeper, the germination rate obviously decreases as the depth increases, and it is also possible to keep the paddy at a uniform depth with the change of the ground surface after water drawing. Difficulty and uneven seedling growth. Further, in the case of manual sowing, the paddy intervals and the intervals between plants are more uneven than in the case of mechanical sowing, and the growth of rice thereafter becomes uneven.

On the other hand, even in the case of direct sowing by a machine, there has been devised a device for preventing the floating of the paddy due to the inflow of mud when covering the soil after sowing, but it is difficult to completely implement it, and it is difficult to completely implement it. The goal is to put the paddy within 1 to 3 cm of the topsoil, but if it is about 3 cm above the topsoil, it will be too deep and the germination rate will drop significantly. In addition to the above, as a method for supplementing late germination in deep areas, some methods such as a method for supplementing the lack of dissolved oxygen by using calcium peroxide-coated paddy have been made. Although calcium peroxide is insoluble in water, it produces hydrogen peroxide in acidic water and gradually decomposes to generate oxygen. However, it is a little hard to believe that similar conditions are conveniently constructed in the natural soil. In any case, direct sowing is as close to the surface of the earth as possible, and if it can be evenly distributed without worrying about floating after drawing water, compared to the rice planting method of transplanting seedlings grown in seedlings to a place in another environment, It is expected that there will be considerable merits in the growth of rice, but unfortunately, the above disadvantages outweigh the merits at the moment, so it cannot be said that it is generally inferior to the rice planting method. Therefore, as evidence to support it, the rice planting method is actually overwhelmingly practiced. To conclude, both the rice planting method and the direct sowing method that are actually used have their respective drawbacks, but no means to solve them is found,
The reality is that it has been implemented as a second best rice cultivation method to this day.

Next, as a drawback common to both the rice planting method and the direct sowing method, there is the use of a herbicide pesticide. Generally, the herbicides are usually used about three times a year, and the first herbicide is sprayed before planting rice after planting rice for a long time before planting rice. The second time is about 20 to 30 days after rice planting. The third is said to be from the highest parting stage to the time before the formation of panicles. As a matter of course, herbicides do not act only on weeds, and when they just kill cancer cells, they cannot prevent side effects that adversely affect normal cells around them, as well as rice. The harmful effects of herbicides are unavoidable. Especially, it is said that caution is required because the chemical damage is likely to occur when the temperature is high or the temperature rises, but rice is originally a tropical plant, and the temperature rise is a welcome condition for rice except in extreme cases. Regardless, it is extremely regrettable that the side effects of herbicides hinder the growth of rice.

[0008] By the people of the group who are worried about the tendency of relying too much on pesticides and chemical fertilizers in Japanese agriculture in recent years,
Organic farming methods that use pesticide-free and natural fertilizers such as compost have been proposed and partially implemented, but it is difficult to completely apply them to rice cultivation. I heard from a veteran of rice farming that there is a weeder like a wheelbarrow, but it is a comforting thing that just puts weeds to sleep and it has no effect at all, and without pesticides you can not pull out one by one after all. It was that.
However, rice grows most during the hottest months of July and August, but most of the weeds in paddy fields are plants of the Gramineae family, so weeds also thrive in this hottest season. Already more than 10 years ago, a famous artist who is very interested in making rice angry at Japanese pesticide-pickled rice, and with the help of his friends, he rented a paddy field near Tokyo. I declared “Challenge-free rice making” in a certain weekly magazine in summer, went to paddy fields with my friends every week, and even weeded one by one and went around. However, unfortunately, at the end of the hottest days, he issued a "declaration of defeat" in the previous weekly magazine. According to it, in the middle of summer, I thought that I could pull out each and every weed in the rice field with my friends cleanly, and when I went a week later, the weeds were overgrown as much as before, and repeated weeds. He was exhausted from Itachigokko, and he was finally forced to issue a "declaration of defeat." Removing weeds to such an extent is a daunting task, and it is clear that there is no other way than relying on pesticides, except for veteran farmers who pull out before they grow little by little every day.

The next problem is the yield.
As mentioned above, the production of rice ears, that is, rice starch, is assimilated by the action of water, carbon dioxide, and light in the chlorophyll of the leaves, and the produced sugar is sent from the stem to the ears to produce ears. The rice starch that has become high molecular weight and becomes insoluble will settle. In order to promote this action, promote the action of inhaling nutrients such as water and fertilizer in the roots that are deeper and spread deeper than 10 cm from the surface,
Increasing the amount of sunlight received by the leaves and absorbing carbon dioxide contained in the air. These three are the most important conditions. Therefore, regarding the root, as described above, the more the roots are entangled with each other due to the dense planting, the narrower the root absorption area becomes, and the more negative the root becomes. In addition, the higher the rate at which the leaves become shaded due to the dense planting, the less the amount of sunlight received, and the more negative it becomes. Moreover, the poorer the ventilation between the stems and leaves due to the dense planting, the higher the incidence of pests and diseases, and the less chance of contact with carbon dioxide gas, which is a negative factor. In this way, the dense planting of seedlings is the biggest factor that prevents the growth of rice starch. Therefore, in the current rice planting method, the number of seedlings is limited to four, and it has been confirmed by tests at the agricultural experimental station that the yield will decrease if the number exceeds four. Even with the rice planting method, 1c as it is now
If it is possible to plant seedlings one cm apart from each other instead of a bunch of seedlings grown by paddy cultivation of about 3 grains per m ^2, plant a larger amount of seedlings far surpassing the current four. However, it is estimated that the yield per planted seedling will not decrease, but it is impossible for both the current manual planting and mechanical planting.

Next, there is a problem in the distance between the stocks, which is a group of each seedling. When planting rice, the row in the direction in which the rice transplanters move is called a row, but the distance between the rows is 1.5 times wider than the distance between the rows in this row. There are reasons such as the rice transplanter not crushing the row planted earlier, and there are reasons such as being unfamiliar with the handling of the rice transplanter, but it is better to have a space between rows when spraying herbicide pesticides It is also convenient because it is easy to pass through when weeding around this weed. Here too, the number of seedlings planted per unit field is reduced, resulting in a decrease in yield because the field is not fully utilized.

[0011]

As a means for removing weeds, the present invention covers a paddy field with water-resistant paper or a large number of water-resistant papers with small holes, but no matter how powerful weeds are, they germinate. Timeless things are weak and countless 1.5 ~
Even if the waterproof paper has a hole of about 2.0 mm (diameter),
Experiments have confirmed that there is no force to pass through this hole. After germination, the shoots of weeds are hampered by the water-resistant paper and lie sideways and grow for a while, but all die when immersed in water for 20 days or longer. Even a ferocious beast has no power in an infant, and it is like feeding other beasts easily. Even if a farmer pulls out the weeds one by one, it is difficult to find the weeds in the milk seedlings, and it is difficult to pull them out unless they grow to a certain extent.
According to this invention, the weed seedlings can be killed in the seedlings without exposing them to the outside air from the water. Generally, there are many seeds of weeds that have already flowed into the rice field in the rice field from the previous year, and most of them start to germinate at the time of shiroaki. However, when the paddy field is covered with waterproof paper by the method of the present invention, it takes about one month. It can kill existing weeds from the previous year. After that, there are also new weed seeds that are carried by the irrigation that flows into the paddy field, so taking into consideration these factors, it is normal to cover the paddy field for a couple of months until the end of August, when weeds are at their peak. Thus, the purpose of barren weeds can be completely achieved. Since it is desirable that it decomposes quickly after that, it is better to have moderate water resistance.

Further, according to the present invention, the water-resistant paper for killing weeds is directly seeded with rice and regularly, with a certain wide interval, and a portion other than the endosperm necessary for germination is adhered to the water-resistant paper for a long period of time. Use a water-insoluble adhesive so that it will not move even if it is soaked in water. And so that the sprouts from the endosperm can immediately grow toward the sky, cutouts are made in the water resistant paper, and from the other side it does not interfere with the growth of the roots from the endosperm, for example, paper with innumerable small holes, A porous base material, such as paper towel paper, shoji paper, tissue paper, or gauze cloth, is used to cover and protect the material in a sandwich form to prevent it from being lost during transportation. As a slightly similar method, there is a seeding paper that fixes the seeds with an adhesive, but all of them are relatively small areas for use in nurseries or for the cultivation of vegetables and flowers. A water-soluble glue was used for all of them, and the ones that fall from the base paper down when water is applied were all. It is true, however, that the idea of directly laying water-resistant seeding paper directly on paddy fields did not exist at all.

In the present invention, the advantage of direct planting of rice is added to the water-resistant long paper aimed at the weed barley, and the above-mentioned idea of single planting, which is said to have the best growth efficiency in rice planting, is utilized. By regularly expanding the intervals between the paddy fields as much as possible, the harmful effects of dense planting can be eliminated and the number of seedlings per plant, which is the limit of the conventional dense planting method, can be greatly exceeded. It succeeded in forming a single plant in a sparsely planted state with double the seedlings without any inconvenience. Therefore, according to the present invention, an extremely large number of seedlings can be grown even if they are sparsely planted, and mutual interference can be extremely reduced, and most of them have an advantage of being fruitful. Specifically, for example, if four seedlings of one plant are sparsely planted to triple the number of seedlings to 12, it is expected that the yield will be almost tripled. If the method of the present invention is studied in more detail in the future, the yield per unit area can ultimately be reasonably increased to several times the present amount.

Further, according to the method of the present invention, since the paddy is adhered to the back surface of the water resistant paper laid in the paddy field, the whole is close to the water surface, and it is a perfect condition for ingesting dissolved oxygen in water necessary for germination. Therefore, the germination rate is extremely high, and good seed rice is further treated with a salt water selection method (specific gravity 1.1 developed by Tokitaka Yokoi).
A germination rate of 90 is obtained by using the one selected by immersing the paddy in a salt solution of 2 to 1.14 and sunk it).
% Or more. This is an advantage that cannot be obtained by normal direct sowing cultivation. However, there is a wrong theory of rice cultivation, and there are people who believe in it, so I would like to call your attention here. It is a misconception that when cultivating rice directly, the germinated rice grows at a shallow depth from the surface of the earth, and the rice tends to fall. Those who are pushing this theory have to coat the paddy with a free oxygen-containing compound such as the above-mentioned calcium peroxide as a means to make up for the lack of dissolved oxygen in order to germinate at a depth as deep as possible in fear of lodging. The method etc. are advocated. However, there is a clear misunderstanding because the theory is based on the assumption that a living thing called a plant is equated with an inanimate object such as chopsticks or a stick and placed on the ground. The literature (re-examining questioning techniques for rice production, published by the Fumin Society, by Yoshiro Tanaka) also states that the germination site should be as shallow as possible.

The reason is that whether or not the stem part is 2 to 3 cm extra from the surface of the ground, it is completely unrelated to lodging and the cause of lodging is all related to the degree of root growth. It is a thing. In macroscopic examples, it is often found in old trees, but large trees with exposed thick roots on the ground surface often survive the weather for thousands of years. The potential for lodging is rooted in all rice. For example, when the seedlings grow slowly and the fertilizer is sown on the surface of the paddy field in an attempt to supplement the growth, the roots that are originally underdeveloped tend to emerge toward the surface layer in search of nutrients. It is a typical rice plant that is prone to lodging and has been proved by experiments. Therefore, even if the stem is 2-3 cm above the surface of the earth, even if the root is extremely weak, it is like cutting a tree to a depth of 2-3 cm, and it easily falls over by the wind. Fortunately, according to the method of the present invention, since only the fertilizer is grown on sparsely planted plants (the reason for which will be described later), root development is extremely vigorous and reaches deep areas, so there is no worry of lodging.

Further, the literature strongly recommends that the fertilizer is only the basic fertilizer as a method for growing strong roots that are hard to fall over and have a strong nutrient intake. In other words, roots grow by seeking nutrients such as water, dissolved oxygen, and fertilizers. It is said that even in rice, good roots reach up to 10 cm deep in the ground. After that, if you don't get caught up in the superficial phenomenon of rice and you just put up with it and don't give fertilizer,
It is said that well-developed roots grow on the bottom as well as on the sides, resistant to lodging, thick stalks, and good ears. Certainly, when the fertilizer is applied, the rice looks lush, and the appearance seems to be reliable, but we will experiment the lesson, which is a farmer's lesson. It is very convenient, and if the paddy field is entirely covered with water-resistant paper or water-resistant small pore paper, it is difficult to add fertilizer.However, in the present invention, even if the herbicide pesticide is not sprayed about 3 times at all, A big plus for growth,
This alone is more effective than farmers can expect for top dressing.

Therefore, the farmers who carry out the method of the present invention lay paddy water-resistant paper on the paddy fields, and after filling the fields with water, they become unhandy, do not grow fertilizers, and do not grow weeds. It is speculated that some people may be worried about whether or not they should be so comfortable, but it suffices to pay attention only to the control of water and the occurrence of pests and diseases, and let the growth of rice be independent. If you leave it alone, a strong and fruitful rice will grow, so if you experience it once, you can feel secure and comfort from the next year. Fortunately, there are also fertilizers that are mixed with various fertilizers and that have both fast-acting and slow-acting properties, such as "Hitomaki-kun" that you only need to sow once. It is better to use such fertilizers. This invention is a so-called 3-chan farm, and for Japanese farms where there is an increasing number, doing nothing will warp and increase the yield.
It can be said to be a great gospel.

A concrete method of actually carrying out the present invention in a paddy field will be described in the next section. When a farmer carries out the method of the present invention, first of all, if possible, deep plowing is carried out, and in that case, the basic manure is sufficiently plentiful. After smoothing and scraping the rice in the same manner as ordinary rice planting, it was loosely wound or wound into a zigzag water-resistant paper of the present invention from the agricultural cooperative (probably sold in the future). Purchase the item and fix it on the rice field in the rice field, and fix both longitudinal ends of the long paper to the rice field by the method shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Most of the work is completed by introducing irrigation after spreading the rice paddy before spreading. It takes a fraction of the labor of planting rice, and it becomes easier if you get used to it. Moreover, there is no concern that the spacing between the rows, which is often seen in mechanical rice planting, will be too wide or bent, and the germinated seedlings will be arranged in a neat manner, there will be no waste in the distance between the rows and the strains, and labor will be reduced to increase revenue. Will definitely be secured.

[0019]

According to the present invention, it is the smoothest way that a paper manufacturing / processing company that mass-produces this water-resistant paper with paddy will hear the demand for paddy from the agricultural cooperative, and will produce the final product on order and deliver it to the agricultural cooperative. In addition, it is considered to be a method that is relatively inexpensive and widely spread to farmers. At this time, it is necessary that the waterproof paper should be kept in a stable state without being broken for about a few months after it is laid in a rice field and brought to the water, and then decomposed as soon as possible.

The conditions obtained as a result of the test will be concretely described as a method for satisfying this condition. Using unbleached kraft paper of 80 g / m ² , Arafix 10 manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd.
0 (A polyamic acid-based waterproofing agent used for making tissues, diaper papers, etc. water resistant.
Alternatively, when the product paper is coated and heated at 100 ° C., it is polymerized in the cellulose, and at the same time, the crosslinking reaction with the cellulose proceeds, and the water resistance of the paper is completed. In deciding the amount of chemicals used in this experiment, 80 g / m ² unbleached kraft paper was diluted with a solution of Arafix 100 10 times (S10 and tentative name) and 1
Two types of waterproof papers were obtained by immersing each in a 5 times diluted solution (tentatively called S15), draining, and heating in steam at 100 ° C. As a result of a test, it was found that S15 is suitable as a water resistant paper which does not have holes, and S10 is suitable because the strength of holed paper is slightly reduced due to perforation. As a result of several tens of running water tests with both papers in contact with Maeda soil, it was clear that the paper was stable for about two months and then decomposed. Water-resistant paper of this level can be produced all at once in the paper-making process by internally adding a water-resistant agent when producing kraft paper at a paper manufacturing company, and because the application of the product spreads over rice fields,
Since some wrinkles and unsightly appearances can be tolerated, the rate of occurrence of water-resistant paper that requires a large amount of beating power for re-melting can be extremely low, which is an advantage that production can be performed at a relatively low cost.

The present invention is essential only for the extremely large scale of laying a large amount of water-resistant long paper processed for it on the paddy field so that a mass production method of the processed paper is possible. This will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1- (1) is a view of the long product paper, which is the main material of the present invention, seen from the upper surface (front surface) when laying it on a paddy field, and (2) is the repeated surface ( It is the figure seen from the back side. T is waterproof paper,
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of it. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the cross section KK of FIG. 1 of the paddy portion adhered to the waterproof paper. a
Indicates the spacing between the stocks and the spacing between the stocks. In the present invention, the two are the same spacing, and unlike ordinary rice paddies, the spacing between the stocks is 50% larger than that between the stocks. That is also one of the factors leading to increased sales.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, the paddy spacing b was 2.5 cm in the greenhouse cultivation test this time, but the wider the distance, the less the entanglement between the hair roots of the seedlings, and the better the growth of the seedlings. Therefore, although there is a limit, at the present time, it is estimated that 4 cm to 5 cm is the optimum interval for practical use in paddy fields. For example, when the paddy spacing is b = 4 cm, the length of one side c of one square is c = about 13 c when the paddling amount is 4 × 4 = 16.
m, that is, the area of one strain is about 13 cm square. Similarly, when b = 5 cm, c = about 16 cm, and even if it is divided and expanded thereafter, it expands within the area of the first stock except for the paddy on the outer circumference, so the area of one stock after the separation is also large. And the distance a between the center of the stock is 25 cm to 30
Even if it is cm, the roots of the stock comrades will not stick together.
Therefore, the paddy spacing is 4 to 5 cm, and the padding amount is 16 pieces (germinated paddy 1
(4,15), the roots grow steadily with very little interference from the roots of each seedling. If the roots grow well, the nutrients from the roots will spread, and the stems and leaves will become thicker, the vertical leaves will increase, and there will be fewer vertical sleeping leaves, so the shade leaves will decrease and the total amount of sunlight bathing will increase. Since the carbon assimilation action of the leaf chlorophyll also becomes active, it is possible to fully expect a yield of three times or more compared with the usual dense planting method.

In FIG. 2, the back side of the waterproof paper T in the range of the porous base material U is coated with an adhesive as shown in FIG. 6 (product manufacturing process diagram). As shown in Fig. 1- (2), when rice pad is bonded as shown in Fig. 1 and the porous base material U is applied from the bottom of the rice pad, and at the same time, a hot press (80 ° C to 100 ° C) is applied between the rice paddies. The press mark 2 is generated, the paddy is firmly held by the U base material, and the padding can be prevented from falling off during transportation, and at the same time, the U base material can be prevented from being delaminated when the product waterproof paper is immersed in water. In FIG. 2, 3 is a cutout portion of the waterproof paper T, and as shown in FIG.
The shoots 5 emerging from the endosperm part 4 grow toward the sky. On the other hand, the root 6 also penetrates the porous base material U and extends into the ground. In the water resistant paper T, there is also one in which innumerable small holes 7 having a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 mm are perforated at intervals of 5 to 10 mm.
It is set so as not to interfere with the supply of dissolved oxygen to the ground by irrigation, but even weeds are weak in the shoots and cannot pass through this hole 7.

It is needless to say that rice is a tropical semi-aquatic plant, and unlike other terrestrial plants that cannot be self-grown after being soaked in water, stems can be exaggerated. Since it is a lotus root-like hollow, it can send the air absorbed by the leaves to the roots, so it does not require dissolved oxygen in the water as much as terrestrial plants after growth. However, before germination and for a while after germination, dissolved oxygen in water is required like ordinary land plants.
Therefore, it is presumed that the inflow of new water is better when the water-resistant paper has a large number of small holes, and it has a better influence on the germination and the root development after germination. For this reason, in the present invention, as shown in 7 of FIG. 2, the waterproof paper T having a large number of small holes is also used.

FIG. 4- (3) shows only the essential points in the case of 4 × 4 = 16 paddy numbers, which is one more than the 3 × 3 = 9 paddy numbers shown in FIG. However, FIG. 4- (4) is illustrated in consideration of the possibility of the distant future, assuming that the paddy shape may be arranged in the circumferential shape instead of the square shape. FIG. 5 illustrates one example of a paddy machine 10 for mechanically carrying out the paddy work. In FIG. 5, the paddy 1 is stored in the paddy storage unit 11, and the diaphragm 1
Since 2 vibrates finely in the direction of the arrow, it sinks gradually into 11 without hanging. The lower part of the paddy machine 10 is composed of a rotor 13 and a stator housing 14, and a paddy accommodating hole 15 is punched in the rotor 13, and when the hole is turned to the top, the paddy 1 in the paddy storage part 11 is When the hole is set in the hole 15 and the hole is rotated to the paddy drop groove 16, the paddy drops from 16 and is bonded to a predetermined position of the adhesive coated portion of the waterproof paper T. The rotation peripheral speed of the rotor 13 and the movement of the waterproof paper T are interlocked and controlled, and the rotation of the rotor 13 is stopped under a certain condition shortly after the paddy has fallen and adhered to a predetermined position. One of the waterproof papers T is moving to the right at a constant speed, but when the paddy drop required position is moved to a predetermined position, the rotor 13 is rotated again to drop the paddy 1 to a predetermined position. It is a system. It is expected that various methods will be developed by experts in the future for the rice hulling machine, but FIGS. 5 and 10 are shown as an example in order to show that it is mechanically possible.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the manufacturing process to show that the method of continuously mass-producing the water-resistant paper products that have been hulled is sufficiently possible. In FIG. 6, step (1) is a step of punching out the cutout portion 3 and the innumerable small holes 7 from above and below with a die. This process requires a large mold when punching all at once, and the manufacturing cost of the mold is high, so it is sufficient to punch through a combination of small molds in a few places. Especially, the interval of innumerable small holes does not require precision, so the main purpose is to punch at low cost. Process (2)
Is a step of forming the adhesive applying portion 20 on the periphery of the cutout portion, but since the viscosity of the water-insoluble adhesive decreases due to heat,
There are two coating methods, a printing method and a roll method. In both cases, the coating device is heated and the adhesive is applied as thinly as possible. In addition, it is necessary to make some measures so that the glue does not stick out from the cutout.

FIG. 6, step (3) is a paddy placing step, and there are a few methods such as the method of FIG. 5 described above or a method of sucking and impressing paddy. It is important to note that the adhesive does not adhere to the endosperm part of the paddy (4 in Fig. 3), but since the endosperm part of the paddy has a conical shape, it should be set in the adhesive coated part. In this case, there is no concern if the deviation of the paddy in the long axis direction is small. Since it is difficult to distinguish mechanically between the endosperm part of rice paddy and the convex part opposite to it, when the paddy is placed mechanically, the endosperm parts face each other, and the stem interval of the seedlings after germination is narrowed. There are many, but there is no choice. However, if the paddy spacing is widened to 4.5 cm, it becomes a negligible problem.

In FIG. 6, step (4), a piece of porous substrate such as paper towel paper is placed on the paddy, and at the same time,
In the process of hot pressing at a relatively low temperature of 80 ° C to 100 ° C, at this time, the adhesive is raised to the surface of U, and at the same time, each paddy is wrapped in a towel paper, and it is almost completely paddy. Is fixed between the waterproof paper T and the porous base material U, and is stable during storage and transportation of the product. After this, wind it loosely,
Fold it into a zigzag and store or ship it as a finished product.
For the overlap line 8 of the waterproof paper T, a black line is drawn at the same time as or before the step (1).

FIG. 7 is a pseudo sectional view for clearly explaining the difference between the conventional rice planting method (5) and the method (6) of the present invention. (5) shows a case where four seedlings are planted in a rice planting system, and (6) shows a situation in which they are planted several cm apart one by one. Actually, the test was carried out at a distance of 3 cm as in the case of the experiment, but the result of the experiment for two weeks after germination showed a clear difference in the growth after about one month as shown in the diagram in FIG. 7. After all, it was proved that the growth power is higher when planted one by one than the densely planted plants. Although the situation of the roots in the ground was estimated, in fact, it is considered that hair roots have developed in a wider area in (6).

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are sketches showing a concrete method for laying paddy waterproof paper on an actual paddy field.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of detail entry for complementing it, focusing on the operation of laying in a paddy field, omitting the details of the waterproof paper T. When laying a product on a paddy field, cut it into a rough number of rice fields corresponding to the length and width of the rice field and a length L + α slightly larger than the length L of the rice field as shown on the left end of FIG. Place it on the left side in the figure). Two people move the sheets one by one to the right with both ends, and place them along the ridge 25 just barely, and the surplus part in the length direction is the inside of the water-resistant paper T like the folding part 26. Bend it and fix it by inserting the brass U-shaped nail 27 of FIG. 9 into the ground.
27 is made of brass and does not rust, so it can be used every year. After fixing the first sheet of the product and stacking the second sheet on the first sheet stack 8 for the second sheet, place the T-shaped thin plate 28 for scaffolding as shown in the figure so that the waterproof paper T is not broken. A scaffolding is secured on this, 28 is moved, the adhesive tape 29 is attached at several places, and the 1st sheet and the 2nd sheet are joined. At this time, be careful to consider the direction 30 of the water flow. That is, it is necessary to plan from the beginning so that the water stream 30 can flow from the first sheet to the bottom of the second sheet. Although the method of the present invention can completely block the growth of weeds by covering the paddy field with a waterproof paper, there is a concern that it is lacking in supplying dissolved oxygen into the water supplied to the ground. Therefore, one of the countermeasures is to use water-resistant paper with a large number of small holes, but it is desirable to lay the product in the paddy field in consideration of the direction in which fresh irrigation water can easily flow. Be done.

In FIG. 9, since the bent portion 26 is turned upside down, the porous base material U appears on the surface.
Even if it germinates in this part, the rice sprouts have no force to pass through U and extend toward the sky, so that they cannot go out inside U.
It eventually withers. Therefore, it is preferable that the width of the bent portion 26 be as many as possible and be as narrow as about 5 cm. In addition, the T-shaped thin plate 28 for scaffolding shown in FIG. 8 is used because there is a risk of tearing when riding on waterproof paper with its bare feet.
Light and durable items that are easy to move are desired, but those that are sold at agricultural cooperatives and can be used for many years once purchased are good.

[0032]

[Examples] The examples will be demonstrated by greenhouse cultivation as a means for confirming that the method of the present invention is possible.
We are planning to demonstrate it in a paddy field in the very near future, but in the isolated greenhouse before that, we pursued the possibility through a small-scale test, and it became clear that it was possible. Since the medium-scale experiment is quite conspicuous, we decided to apply for a patent before that. In the greenhouse cultivation experiment, a commercially available adhesive kraft tape with a width of 10 cm was used, and as shown in FIG. 4- (3), it was cut out for 16 paddy, and paddy spacing b = 2.5c.
m, stock, strip spacing a = 25 cm, number of stocks 4 and water resistant paper T
For the production of Arafix 100 from Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd., dip it in 10 times diluted with water, keep it in water vapor at 100 ° C for 5 minutes until it is water-resistant, and dry it. Of course, 2 mm (diameter) nails were punched with a plate of a thousand mountains that was struck at intervals of 8 mm, and the back surface was rubbed with a scissors-like object to remove as much of the attached remnant residue as possible. It was 9 cm on this perforated waterproof paper
Adhesive kraft tape 10 cm x 10 in which a square hole of x 9 cm was cut out and a cutout 3 was made as shown in Fig. 4- (3).
cm was attached to each center. 16 pieces of paddy carefully selected by the salt water method are arranged and pasted as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, and squarely cut into 9 cm × 9 cm square paper towel paper is placed exactly, then 80 ° C. to 100 ° C. At the corners of the iron, which was kept at a relatively low temperature, instantly heat-press the paddle pad and the outer periphery of the paddle towel paper from above the paddle towel paper to completely bond the towel paper and the waterproof paper, Stable set in between.

In addition to the above, 4 seedlings were prepared by bundling separately sprouted seedlings by the rice planting method, and were cultivated adjacent to the 4 seedlings of the method of the present invention at intervals of 25 cm. , And the degree of growth of each was compared. That is, every stock interval 25
In cm, a group of a total of 8 strains of the rice planting method 4 strains and the method 4 strains of the present invention was lined up. Germination by the method of this invention is
As mentioned above, since the germination rate is more than 90% and the efficiency is good because the germination rate is more than 90% because the germination rate is over 90% on the surface of the rice field. After 20 days of germination, seedlings with relatively good growth were selected, and 4 strains were bundled in groups of 4 to produce 4 strains. However, since the germination times of all the paddy were the same, the rice planting method transplanted from the seedlings was used. It was clearly confirmed that the seedlings stopped growing once transplanted. In this example, the illustration of FIG. 7 is suitable for showing the condition of about 30 days after germination, and the method (6) of the present invention exceeds the rice planting method (5) by about 20% in growth rate. Was confirmed. After that, (6) grows faster, and this invention method of 14,15 sparsely planted (not all 16 paddy germinates) has a slightly higher growth power than the rice planting method of 4 densely planted seeds, and germination After 2 months, the average height is 30% higher than the rice planting method,
The leaves and stems were thick, and many of them were vigorous, and some of them tended to be excessively divided. In the actual paddy field, the start time of the method of the present invention is almost the same as the rice planting time, so there is a considerable difference in the initial growth. It is expected to catch up.
The paddy spacing in this experiment was set to 2.5 cm, but more interesting results can be expected when the pad is further expanded to 4 to 5 cm. Further, in this experiment, the weeds were completely cut off for about two months after germination, even though the weeds were consciously mixed in large amounts at the beginning. On the other hand, the waterproof paper showed some signs of weakness after two months, and signs of weakness were seen.

Since the method of the present invention is different from other rice cultivation methods, it was naturally assumed that this method requires an original method suitable for it. For example, 10 after germination
For about 3 days from the beginning of the day, draining the rice field and drying the surface of the rice field to the extent that it does not dry up until then, the roots that had started to penetrate between the water resistant paper and the paper towel paper and started to penetrate the paper towel paper, It was confirmed that it quickly expanded into the soil and thrived. In this case, the growth of roots was remarkable, and after three days of drying the water, touching with hands and pushing the stems gave a distinctly firm response. It is estimated that, in the future, cultivation methods suitable for this method will be gradually discovered and established. For the yield, this experiment is a comparison experiment with the rice planting method by greenhouse cultivation, so it is not known exactly, but sparsely planted individual seedlings are steadily growing and the number of seedlings is rice planting. Since it is more than 3 times that of the rice planting method, it can be fully expected that the method of the present invention will be about 3 times as much as the rice planting method. Especially, this time, because the experiment was carried out on a very small mini rice field, the paddy spacing was also relatively short at 2.5 cm, but from the middle of this test it was 4 cm to 5 c in the actual rice field.
The m-position came to be considered appropriate, and it is estimated that a large increase in yield in this case is certain.

[0035]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The main point of the present invention is that, for rice cultivation, only the advantages of the rice planting method and the direct sowing method were added during the weeding operation, and the labor saving of rice cultivation work and the significant increase in rice yield were reasonably achieved. However, as a part of my opinion that myopia is viewed, the current situation of rice in Japan is much larger than the situation of forced import of foreign rice by the Uruguay Round and the surplus of rice due to the fixation of the rice population. The increase in rice is unattractive, but that is a big mistake. On the other hand, Japanese rice is too high compared to the international price, so it is necessary to make it significantly cheaper in the future, and at least we would like to reduce it to the half price, but there is no prospect of concrete measures. It is easily chanted as if it were a Buddha. However, if rice prices are lowered while mass production is not possible, farmers' incomes will decrease as much as they have, and there is no way to recover them. In the case of the present invention, if it is assumed that the yield per unit area will be tripled, the planted area will be reduced to 1/3. Then, the cost will be reduced to 1/3, and 2/3 of the cost up to now will be added to the income, and the rate of decrease in farm income will be reduced. Moreover, two-thirds of the land required for rice cultivation up to now remains untouched. Focusing here, farmers produce high-value-added land on the remaining land,
If the paddy fields in No. 3 are managed, the actual income of farmers may increase.

Let's change the viewpoint further and move on to the problem of land. At present, it is difficult to easily convert farmland into residential land by the Farmland Law. However, since the law is after all artificial, it is confirmed that the farmland necessary for rice production in Japan is only one-third, so the farmland law will be amended to build a new residential land. There are of course movements that make it easier. Therefore, the average land price of Japan, which has the highest land price in the world, can be stably lowered for a long period of time, making it easy to build a new home, which can greatly contribute to the stability of people's lives.

Next, since the method of the present invention is a kind of direct-seeding cultivation method, there is no doubt that it is suitable for warm regions.
Originally rice is a tropical plant. Therefore, until the middle of the Meiji era, it was thought that rice cultivation was impossible in Aomori and Hokkaido, but as a result of the wisdom and efforts of the Japanese people, breed improvement and development of rice cultivation methods suitable for the land were made. As a result, rice cultivation has become possible even in northern cold areas. It is considered possible to follow the same path in the case of the present invention. For example, if the rice for cold regions is further subjected to a special treatment, or the water-resistant paper with paddy that is the product of the present invention, it is put in a so-called steaming pot with extremely high humidity for several days, and it is pre-germinated. We believe that the day will come when it is applied to cold regions if it is laid in rice fields or if many people make various efforts. The seedlings germinated by the method of the present invention tend to grow considerably faster after root rooting than the seedlings planted by the rice planting method. Can be fully expected.

As described above, the effects of the present invention have a great influence on the Japanese people's lives.
Today's Japanese rice farming methods are not only used in Japan, but also in the Korean Peninsula, China, and Taiwan, and since this area is not under the rice surplus phenomenon like Japan, It is expected that the establishment of rice cultivation technology by invention will bring greater gospel to this region than in Japan. Therefore, it is hoped that this invention will be adopted as a national project in the near future, and that many rice farming personnel will continue to study it for a long time.

[0039]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (1) is a schematic sketch of a product of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (2) is a reverse sketch of the product.

2 is a plan view in which one main portion of FIG. 1 is enlarged and viewed from directly above. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line KK in FIG. 1- (1), which illustrates the growth direction after germination of paddy by piggybacking on it.

FIG. 4 (3) is a schematic plan view when 16 pieces of paddy are attached in the example. (4) of this figure is a schematic plan view of an example of concentric circular arrangement which is considered as a future paddy arrangement.

FIG. 5 is a sketch of an example of a paddy device.

FIG. 6 is an outline of a process explanatory view when mass-producing a product used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a rice plant about 30 days after germination, (5) is a rice planting method, and (6) is a method of the present invention.

[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is a sketch diagram for explaining an optimum method for laying a product used in the present invention on an actual rice field.

9 is an enlarged schematic view of main parts to supplement the schematic view of FIG. 8.

[Explanation of symbols]

T: Water-resistant paper U: Porous substrate (eg, paper towel paper) a: Strain, row spacing (25 cm to 30 cm) b: Paddy spacing 1: Paddy rice 3: Cutout portion 4: Endosperm portion 5: Germinated foliage
6: Root 7: Innumerable small holes 20: Adhesive application part 25:
Ridge 26: Bend 27: Brass U-shaped nail
30: Direction of water flow

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] May 29, 1995

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

FIG.

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 3]

[Figure 4]

[Figure 5]

[Figure 6]

[Figure 7]

[Figure 8]

[Figure 9]

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. According to the following specifications, strains (paddy group) are arranged at intervals substantially equal to the seedling placement at the time of normal rice planting, and the placement of paddy within each plant is dense planting after germination. Avoid these things as much as possible, place them in an appropriately separated state, and spread long-sized processed paper, which holds these paddies in a sandwich type, on the paddy field. The aspect of the processed paper is as follows. (When laying in a paddy field, the upper side is A and the lower side is B) (a) A is the part where the paddy is placed, and when the paddy germinates, the foliage grows toward the sky The device is designed so as not to prevent the cutting (for example, a notch, a cutout or the like is provided on the peripheral edge of the paddy fixing part). (B) B is a device that does not prevent the roots from extending toward the ground when the paddy is germinated in the part where the paddy is placed (for example, by providing numerous small holes, paper towel paper, shoji paper). , A paper such as tissue paper, or a porous base material such as cloth such as gauze is used). (C) A non-water-soluble adhesive such as a commonly used adhesive is interposed at the interface between A and B, and a large number of paddy fields are appropriately separated so that germinated seedlings are not densely planted. The paddy is fixed between the ABs in a sandwich form to prevent the paddy from falling during transportation. (D) Among A and B, the paper forming a long length is not easily decomposed in water, but is given water resistance to the extent that it starts to be corroded and decomposed after about a few months. Depending on the application, for example, for paddy fields where the flow of irrigation water is likely to be stagnant, numerous small holes are provided to facilitate the supplementation of dissolved oxygen into the ground. After laying the above-mentioned processed paper on the paddy field, fix the end to the surface of the paddy field, sprinkle water on the paddy field to germinate the paddy, adjust the irrigation flow rate, the root penetrates B and extends deep into the soil, The foliage grows toward the sky from A as a base point, and the rice paddy weeds are covered with water resistant paper from the time when the vegetative growth is still weak (even if the water resistant paper has numerous small holes, Weed buds do not have the power to pass through), so their growth can be stopped and they can eventually die, with the spacing between the paddy being greatly separated from the conventional densely planted rice seedling spacing. A rice farming method that increases the yield of barley without using rice and is characterized by the fact that a large number of paddy can be arranged to enable a large increase in yield without difficulty.