JPH0745A - Method for cultivating lyophyllum decastes sing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method for indoor cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. in which the high-quality Lyophyllum decastes Sing. of fruit bodies having a uniform size without any materials sticking to a stem, a cap and a hard tip of the stem can stably be harvested in high yield. CONSTITUTION:When a hypha of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. is spread in a cultivation container, an opening of the cultivation container is covered with a covering material and then placed under conditions of 21-25 deg.C and 90-10% relative humidity for 1-6 days to carry out the raising treatment. A surface layer part of the covering material in which the hypha is not elongated is subsequently removed to perform the soil discharging treatment. The cultivation is further continued under conditions of 10-20 deg.C, 90-95% relative humidity and 50-300lux illuminance.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji. More specifically, the present invention relates to an indoor cultivation method capable of harvesting a high-quality Hatake shimeji mushroom stably and in high yield, which is uniform in size, and which has no coating material attached to the handle or stone foot portion of the fruiting body. Is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatake shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms of the genus Shimeji, whose fruiting body is similar in form to honshimeji, and are so delicious that they are said to be a saprophytic type of honshimeji and have a good aroma and texture. This mushroom is a kind of saprophytic mushroom, and it occurs in the forests, gardens, fields, roadsides, and sometimes under the floors of houses, etc. in autumn (Rokuya Imaseki, Tsugio Hongo: A guidebook for new Japanese fungi of primary color). (I), Nursery Company, 198
7).

When artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji,
It is generally known to cover and cultivate an opening of a cultivation container at the time when mycelium spreads in the cultivation container. For example, when the hyphae of Hatake shimeji mushrooms are grown in a bag for mushroom cultivation, and when the hyphae are completely infested in the bag and primordia formation of fruiting bodies can be seen, the upper part of the bag is cut and opened. There is a report about a method of covering the area with vermiculite for about 1 cm (Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Research Institute report, 1
7: 95-96, 1984). However, this method has a drawback in that it takes 7 to 8 months from the inoculation of the inoculum to the harvest.

In order to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present inventors have continued to cultivate the mycelium by covering the opening of the cultivating container with a mineral substance consisting of fine particles at the time when the hyphae spread in the cultivating container. By developing a method, it has become possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji mushrooms indoors stably and in a short period of time (JP-A-3-
244320). Furthermore, a method of coating the opening of the cultivation container with an agar residue obtained by fermenting and decomposing the hot water-insoluble filtration by-product obtained during the agar production process (Japanese Patent Application No. 3-343815).
No.) or a method of covering the opening of the cultivation container with a material composed of a plant fiber material having a water content adjusted to 50 to 80% (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-296170). However, the mushrooms cultivated by these methods have individual differences in the growth of fruiting bodies in the same cultivation container, and the sizes of the fruiting bodies to be harvested are not uniform. It had a drawback that the coating material adhered and the value as a product was inferior.

As a method for cultivating without covering the opening of the cultivating container, a method of cultivating a mushroom strain of Hatake shimeji by an ordinary method for artificially cultivating a fungus bed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 211308/1992).
No.) is also proposed, but this method uses a specific strain, and is different from the general cultivation method of Hatake shimeji.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention improves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji,
It provides an indoor cultivation method for Hatake shimeji mushrooms, which has a uniform size of fruit bodies, has no coating material on the fruit bodies' handles and stone tips, and is of high commercial value, which enables stable harvesting of high quality Hatake shimeji mushrooms. is there.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Generally, it is known that in the natural form of Hatake shimeji mushroom, there is a hyphal bundle at the root of a fruiting body strain that occurs in the above-ground part, which is connected to wood buried underground. Has been. That is, it is considered that the process of generation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms is that after hyphae infiltrate into the wood or the like buried underground, hyphal bundles grow from there to the above-ground part to form fruiting bodies.

[0008] Generally, in the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms, this mycelium that can be heated to a temperature of 20 ° C or higher is grown, and when the mycelium is sufficiently grown, it is cultivated at a low temperature of 20 ° C or lower to generate fruiting bodies. It is known to cause.

However, in the case of Hatake shimeji, since it is necessary to cover the surface with a coating material at the time when the hyphae have sufficiently grown and cultivate at a low temperature, the surface of the conventional hyphae is coated with a coating material and then immediately at a low temperature. In the method of cultivation, the growth of the hyphae bundles of Hatake shimeji mushrooms in the covering material became uneven, resulting in individual differences in the growth of fruiting bodies, resulting in uneven sizes.

Further, since it is necessary to coat the mycelial surface with a coating material in order to generate fruiting bodies, it has been inevitable that the coating material adheres to the fruiting bodies by the conventional method.

The inventors of the present invention examined the conditions for uniformly growing the hyphae of Hatake shimeji mushroom in the coating material and preventing the coating material from adhering to the fruiting bodies that were generated. As a result, the mycelial surface was coated with the coating material. After that, by culturing at a high temperature for a certain period of time, the hyphae of Hatake shimeji mushrooms grow uniformly in the coating material, and then the surface layer of the coating material in which hyphae elongation is not observed is removed, and then cultivated at a low temperature. The inventors have found that a uniform and uniform size of Hataketake shimeji can be obtained without the covering material adhering to fruiting bodies, and completed the method of the present invention.

That is, the method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms of the present invention is as follows. In the method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the culture medium is filled in a cultivation container, sterilized by heating, and the culture medium is inoculated with inoculum At the time when the hyphae of the inoculum spread in the cultivation container, the opening of the cultivation container was covered with a coating material, and then the temperature was from 21 to 25 ° C and the relative humidity was 9
After growing for 1 to 6 days under the condition of 0 to 100%, the surface layer portion of the coating material in which the hyphae are not elongated is removed, and further the temperature is 10 to 20 ° C and the relative humidity is 90 to 9
Cultivation is continued under the condition of 5%.

The materials and cultivation method used in the present invention will be described in detail below. Cultivating Container Any cultivating container used in the present invention can be used as long as it is a cultivating container generally used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Usually, it is preferable to use a polypropylene bottle or a rectangular parallelepiped bag having a capacity of 800 to 1000 ml.

A culture medium such as sawdust and bark compost is mixed with a nutrient source such as rice bran and bran in a volume ratio of 3: 1 to 5: 1, and if necessary, agar residue and corn meal, Soybean meal,
A mixture of organic components such as crab shell, chicken manure, and cow manure and inorganic components such as calcium and potassium has a water content of 60-
Adjust to 70% and use.

The heat sterilization of the heat sterilizing culture medium can be carried out by a sterilization pot which is generally used for sterilizing the mushroom artificial culture medium. Usually, for high pressure sterilization, at 120 ° C for 40 to 120 minutes,
Normal pressure sterilization may be performed at 98 ° C. for 3 to 5 hours.

Tissue culture and subculture medium In the present invention, any medium can be used as a medium for cultivating the hyphae of Pleurotus cornucopiae, as long as it is a medium in which basidiomycetes generally grow. For example, any of the media described in Kiyoo Aoshima, Keisuke Tsubaki, Koichiro Miura; Fungi Research Method, P.393-408, published June 1, 1983, Kyoritsu Shuppan can be used, but particularly preferred examples are The medium has the composition shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[Table 2]

Preparation of inoculum Artificially cultivated Hatake shimeji mushrooms or wild Hatake shimeji mushrooms are collected, a part of the tissue is cut off, and tissue culture is performed using the medium shown in Table 1, for example. Subculture of the obtained mycelium is performed, for example, using the medium shown in Table 2, and the obtained sterile mycelium is mixed with bark compost or sawdust and rice bran in a volume ratio of 2 to 5: 1 to obtain a water content. Is inoculated into a medium prepared by adjusting to 60 to 70% and cultured at 20 to 25 ° C. for about 20 days to prepare an inoculum.

Covering material As a material for covering the opening of the container at the time when the hyphae of Hatake shimeji mushroom grow and fully spread in the cultivation container and become ripe, it is possible to retain water and further has air permeability. A substance is used which is excellent and has a support effect for forming hyphae bundles by invading hyphae of Hatshimejimeji. Specifically, "agar residue", which is a mixture of hot water insoluble matter obtained during agar production and perlite which is a filter aid, is fermented and decomposed into a hot water insoluble filter by-product, and an inorganic mineral having a particle size of 2 mm or less. Quality, that is, soil such as upland soil and mountain soil, or horticultural materials such as Kanuma soil, Hyuga soil, Akadama soil, and perlite can be used. Further, if necessary, those to which plant-based materials such as peat moss and sphagnum moss are added to supplement air permeability and water retention can also be used. Also,
Appropriate thickness of the coating material is 1 to 3 cm.

Growth treatment In the method of the present invention, after covering the opening of the cultivation container with a coating material, the temperature is 21 to 25 ° C. and the relative humidity is 90 to 100.
% Cultivation for 1 to 6 days, and a growing treatment for uniformly growing hyphae bundles of Hatake shimeji in the coating material. In this case, if the treatment temperature is less than 21 ° C., the hyphae bundles cannot be uniformly grown, and fruit bodies of uniform size cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 25 ° C, the activity of mycelium is reduced and the yield of fruiting bodies is reduced. Furthermore, if the relative humidity is less than 90%, the coating material will be dried and the growth of mycelia will be impaired.

[0022] In dumping processing method of the present invention, at the stage of development processing described above has finished, to discharge the soil treatment by removing the coating material of the surface layer portion of hyphae extension of Hatakeshimeji is not observed among the coating material.
By this soil removal treatment, it is possible to prevent the coating material from adhering to the fruiting bodies that are generated. As the method of soil removal, the cultivation container may be turned upside down to remove the coating material, suction removal with a suction machine, or scraping with a fungus scraping machine.

Cultivation method The above-mentioned culture medium is filled in a 800-1000 ml bottle for mushroom cultivation, or a bag of about 1 l volume, and the mixture is stored at 120 ° C. for 4 hours.
Perform high pressure steam sterilization for 0 to 120 minutes. After cooling, aseptically inoculated with the inoculum previously produced, and cultivated in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 80% for 30 to 90 days, and then scraping the bacteria, and the mouth of the cultivation container. Add water to the top of the part and let stand for 1-5 hours. Then, the excess water is discarded, and the opening is coated with the above coating material to a thickness of 1 to 3 cm. This is at room temperature 21-25 ° C, relative humidity 90-1
After cultivating for 1 to 6 days in a room adjusted to a condition of 00% and performing a growing process, a soil erasing process is performed, and a room temperature is 10 to 2
If the cultivation is continued in a room adjusted to 0 ° C, relative humidity 90 to 95%, and illuminance 50 to 300 lux, after coating, 2
From 0 to 35 days, fruiting bodies can be harvested.

[0024]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 10% by volume of agar residue (trade name: Agar Post, manufactured by Ina Foods Co., Ltd.) was finely crushed into a mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a volume ratio of 3: 1. 2% by volume
Add water, add water and mix well to obtain a water content of 65%
To prepare a culture medium. 850 ml of this culture medium
620 g of a polypropylene cultivating bottle made of polypropylene was filled, and the inside of the bottle was replenished with air, and in order to improve the growth of mycelium, the culture medium had a diameter of 10 mm until it reached from the mouth to the bottom. After making a hole, the product was sterilized by high pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. After allowing the culture medium to cool to 25 ° C or below, inoculate 15 g of the seed strain of Bamboo shoots in a clean bench, incubate for 40 days in a room adjusted to room temperature of 23 ° C and humidity of 65%, and spread mycelium in the bottle. Let
The culture was continued for another 30 days to mature the hyphae.

At this point, the bacteria were scratched, 40 ml of water was added to replenish the water, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours, and then the excess water was removed with the opening of the cultivation bottle facing down. Then the water content is 6
The agar residue (trade name: Agarpost, manufactured by Ina Food Co., Ltd.) adjusted to 4% was used to cover the opening with a thickness of 2 cm, and the room temperature was 23 ° C.
After 5 days of growth in a room where the humidity was adjusted to 100%, the cultivation bottle was turned upside down to remove the agar residue on the surface layer where the hyphae were not growing, and soil was removed. Cultivation was continued in a room adjusted to ℃, humidity 95%, and illuminance 200 lux. As a result, on the 30th day after the bacterial scraping, 120 g of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus cornucopiae were collected per cultivation bottle. The fruiting body obtained is a handle, an umbrella,
Almost no agar residue used as a coating material adhered to the stone foot, and it was of high quality with uniform size.

Example 2 As a culture medium, 5% by volume of dry cow dung and 2% by volume of crab shell were added to a mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a volume ratio of 3: 1. Was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the bacteria were matured 75 days after inoculation with the inoculum, and on the 30th day after the bacteria had been scraped, the size of 120 g per cultivation bottle was uniform, and there were almost no deposits on the handle, umbrella, or stone foot portion. High quality fruiting bodies were collected.

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated except that Kanuma soil having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less was used as a coating material for covering the opening of the cultivation bottle after scraping the fungus.
Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as. As a result, on the 30th day after scraping the fungus, a handle having a uniform size of 100 g per cultivation bottle,
A high-quality fruiting body was collected with almost no deposits on the umbrella or the stone foot.

Example 4 After scraping the fungus, except that Kanuma soil having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less and peat moss were mixed at a volume ratio of 5: 1 as a coating material for coating the opening of the cultivation bottle, Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, 30 after scraping bacteria
On the day, the size of 100g per bottle was prepared,
High-quality fruiting bodies were collected with almost no deposits on the handle, umbrella, or stone foot.

Example 5 After scratching the fungus, cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sawdust was used as a covering material for covering the opening of the cultivation bottle. As a result, on the 30th day after the bacterial scraping, a high-quality fruiting body having a uniform size of 100 g per cultivation bottle and having almost no attached matter on the handle, umbrella, and stone foot was collected.

Comparative Example 1 In each of Examples 1 to 5, after covering the opening of the cultivation bottle, the temperature was immediately adjusted to room temperature of 17 ° C., humidity of 95%, and illuminance of 200 lux without growing and discharging soil. Cultivation was continued indoors. As a result, the period until the fruiting bodies were harvested and the yield were almost the same as those in each of Examples 1 to 5, but the sizes of the fruiting bodies were not uniform, and the fruiting bodies were covered with the coating material. Adhesion was observed and the commercial value was inferior.

Comparative Example 2 In each of Examples 1 to 5, after the growing process was performed, the soil discharge process was not performed immediately and the room temperature was 17 ° C. and the humidity was 95.
%, The cultivation was continued in a room where the illuminance was adjusted to 200 lux. As a result, the period until the fruiting bodies were harvested and the yield were almost the same as in each of Examples 1 to 5, and the sizes of the fruiting bodies were also uniform, but the adhesion of the coating material to the fruiting bodies was observed. Admitted.

[0033]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, in the method for artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms, which is carried out indoors using a cultivation bottle or a cultivation bag, after covering the opening of the cultivation container, the room temperature 21 to 2 is applied.
A growth treatment is performed by placing it in a room adjusted to a temperature of 5 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90 to 100% for 1 to 6 days, and then removing the covering material of the surface layer portion where the hyphae are not elongated, and then continuing cultivation. According to the method of the invention, it is possible to generate a large amount of fruiting bodies having a uniform size, almost no deposits, and high commercial value.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Hara 24-9 Nozono-cho, Kameyama-shi, Mie Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Forest Tree Breeding Research Institute Kameyama Laboratory

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, which comprises filling a culture medium in a culture container, sterilizing the culture medium with heat, inoculating the culture medium with the seed culture, and then cultivating the culture medium indoors. At that time, the opening of the cultivation container is covered with the coating material, and then the material is placed under the conditions of a temperature of 21 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90 to 100% for 1 to 6 days, and then subjected to a growth treatment. The surface layer where the hyphae are not elongated is removed, and the temperature is further maintained at 10 to 20 ° C and the relative humidity is 9
An indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushroom characterized by continuing cultivation under conditions of 0 to 95%.