JPH0729838B2 - Porcelain plate manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention reduces the water content of an extrusion-molded product formed by continuous extrusion of a raw material containing clay as a main component in a short time so as not to be deformed, and determines this. Easily cut into strips, and the extruded product cut into regular lengths is fed to a firing furnace through a preheater to continuously produce a ceramic plate of a specified length in a short line at low cost, at low cost, and continuously. The present invention relates to a device capable of producing a ceramic plate.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, inner and outer wall materials and roof tiles made of clay are extruded in a predetermined shape, and are immediately cut into a short length, for example, a length of 10 to 30 cm, and a drying device having a structure that uses the waste heat of a firing furnace. A device having a structure in which the water content is reduced to 1 to 0% in about 1 to 3 days and then supplied to a trolley type firing furnace was common.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In this type of equipment, it takes several days for the drying and firing steps, and in particular, since it is soft immediately after extrusion, it cannot be transported to the drying equipment due to large deformation unless it is short. It was the main cause of not being able to. Therefore, a vast drying site and warehouse are required.
The firing furnace cannot extinguish the fire once it is heated because of cost and productivity, so it has a schedule of 3 shifts for 24 hours, requires 3 times more workers, and the energy cost is also higher than the productivity. However, it was not efficient. Further, in the conventional apparatus, the dough is dried from the surface because it is dried with hot air, and the fabric is twisted, bent, cracked, the maximum length of the dried body is about 60 cm, and the yield is extremely poor. This is disadvantageous in that the surface layer exposed to the hot air is dried first and further from the end, and deformation, warpage, twisting, cracking and the like occur due to moisture inside. In particular, the deformation of the extrusion-molded product is greatly affected by the water content of about 5 to 10%, so that the drying during this period could not be carried out smoothly and without causing the above-mentioned warpage and cracks.
Further, the firing time is a badge type furnace or tunnel dryer furnace in which preheating, firing and cooling are completed in 8 to 10 hours according to the temperature curve, and the temperature control is slow in response because the furnace is large. It took a long time to get there. In addition, the production capacity of the line was the same as before even if the time was shortened by one of all the processes.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention transfers the continuous strip of the extruded product, which is next to the extruder, without deformation and reduces the water content in the electric heater until the shape retention is obtained in a short time. Then, this semi-dried continuous extruded product was easily cut to a fixed length via a traveling cutter, and was sent to the baking furnace through the waste heat of the baking furnace or a simple heating machine when there was little deformation. An object is to provide an apparatus for producing a ceramic plate of an arbitrary length, which can continuously produce a ceramic plate of an arbitrary length from a short length to a long length in a short time.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a porcelain plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of the above-mentioned apparatus, and 1 is an extrusion molding machine for extruding a raw material mainly composed of clay into a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (d). The body A is continuously extruded. For example, the extrusion speed is 20 to 20 depending on the thickness and width.
It is about 00 mm / min. Clay is a natural mineral, and since the ingredients differ depending on each production area, the advantages and disadvantages of these ingredients can be offset and offset, and other mineral materials can be added as necessary to obtain the prescribed mixed clay. is there. Specific examples thereof include pottery stone, feldspar, kaolinite, halosite, metahalosite, kibushi clay, frog eye clay, Shigaraki clay,
For example, chamotte is crushed and water is added to knead it. If necessary, this clay is used to remove iron with a magnet. Although not shown in the drawing, a die portion 2 has a shape corresponding to the extrusion molded body A, or one having a core interposed in the die portion 2 and extruding the extrusion molded body A having a hollow portion B, or shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (d), one end of a pipe 5 for inhaling or exhausting one gas or a large number of gas is arranged in each core 4 as shown in FIGS. Connected to the lattice 4a or to the common portion 4b and supplying a required gas from the other end of the pipe 5 to the hollow portion B, or discharging the gas in the hollow portion B of the extrusion molded body A to the outside. Is. The gas in the hollow portion B is water vapor or air containing water, and dry air or the like is supplied to the hollow portion B through the pipe 5 to determine the water content of the inner and outer surfaces of the extrusion molded body A. It is useful for reducing the water content to almost the same water content in a short time and by a synergistic effect with an electric heater described later. Reference numeral 6 denotes a conveyer, which is composed of, for example, a fli roller 7, or at least one type of drive belt conveyor 8 synchronized with the extrusion speed, or a combination of two types. In particular, the carrier 6 is for smoothly feeding the extruded product A at the extrusion speed without deformation in the next step, and the fli roller 7 transfers the extruded product A in a state of being extruded without static friction resistance. To help
The drive belt conveyor 8 is somewhat harder than when the extruded product A is extruded at a position about 0.5 to 2 m away from the exit, and the force at the time of extruding cannot fully resist the weight of the extruded part extruded first. It is useful for continuously transferring the extruded product A to the next step at substantially the same speed as during extrusion in order to prevent compression and shrinkage. 9 is an electric heater, for example, a microwave heater as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), or an ultrasonic heater, discharge heater, laser heater, etc. (not shown). In addition, the inside and the surface of the extruded product A are simultaneously heated to reduce the water content to an average. As a specific example, when a microwave heater is used, the moisture content of the extruded product A is reduced from 18 to 15% to 6 to 10% in a short time of about 5 to 30 minutes to a semi-dry state. . In addition,
The water content is set to around 6-10% when the water content is 0-2.
The continuous semi-drying plate A ′ having the above-mentioned water content is much easier to cut than the continuous semi-drying plate A ′ in a dry state of about%. In particular, in this step, a semi-dry state is preferable in which the shape retention property can be sufficiently maintained and the cutting and firing in the next step are easy to cut unless there is a problem. Here, the microwave heater will be further described. The microwave heater 9 has a continuous oven structure, and the microwave C mainly permeates into the inside of the extruded body A and does not require the microwave C to transfer the microwave C. It is for converting into heat energy and generating heat in a few seconds to a few minutes to evaporate 1/3, for example, 5 to 10% (weight%) of water in the clay. Moisture is contained in the extruded product A at a weight ratio of about 20 to 15%, of which 5 to 10% is evaporated. In particular, this type of extruded product A has a large volume contraction until the water content becomes about 5 to 8%, but when the water content is less than that, the volume contraction hardly occurs. Therefore, the microwave heater 9 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. A microwave C oscillated from a microwave oscillator (not shown) will be described.
A waveguide 10 for guiding the guided microwave C, a reflection plate 11 for reflecting the guided microwave C, a rotary blade 12 for stirring the reflected microwave C, and an extruded body A moved at an extruding speed. At the same time, the microwave C serves as an entrance and an exit of the extruded body A and a conveying unit 14 including a fli roller 13 that is adapted to irradiate the back surface of the extruded body A.
Filter part 15 which attenuates so as not to leak to the outside,
16 and an inlet 18 for guiding the air D or the like to be supplied to the heated space 17 as necessary, and an enclosure 19 surrounded so that the microwave C does not leak from the heated space 17 to the outside. The size of the heated space 17 of the extruded body A varies depending on the purpose, but is, for example, about 1 to 5 m in length. Furthermore, since the extruded product A contracts by about 10% in volume during drying, the conveying unit 14 naturally sucks the extruded product A by the free rollers 13. Further, the inlet 18 releases a large amount of water vapor E in a short time by heating the microwave D from the inlet and the outlets 15a and 16a to the outside, and the surface of the extrusion molded body A and the enclosure 19 are discharged. Prevents adverse effects (cracks, explosions) during drying by preventing condensation on the inner wall,
In addition, the steam E on the surface of the extruded body A is constantly blown out by the air, which helps to further shorten the drying time. Reference numeral 20 denotes a traveling cutter, which cuts a semi-dried continuous belt-shaped continuous semi-drying plate A'while traveling to a predetermined size.
Reference numeral 21 denotes a take-out mechanism, which is a mechanism that is composed of one or a combination of a standard-size semi-dry plate A ″ cut into a standard size, such as a drive roller and a belt, and a speed faster than the speed sent from the extruder 1. 22 is a pre-heater, which is a preheater that uses a constant-size continuous semi-dry plate A'in a semi-dried state, a heater that uses the waste heat of the firing furnace 23 , or a simple heater such as a far infrared heater. 23 a which was placed in front of, mainly with make effective use of energy, shortening the firing time and exclude the inconvenience of the continuous to semi-dry plate a 'due to sudden heating. 23 at the firing furnace It consists of a roller hearth kiln and a tunnel-type firing furnace, and its structure is the entrance.
The temperature distribution has a mountain-like shape from 23a to the outlet 23b, and the preheating region 24, the calcination region 25, and the cooling region 26 are temporarily divided in this order, and the temperature of the preheating region 24 is 150 to 400 ° C and the calcination region 25 is 400.
~ 1300 ℃, the cooling region 26 is about 600 ~ 100 ℃. Of course, the crystal transformation point also differs depending on the type and composition of clay, and the temperature setting between the regions is different. The temperature and the transportation speed can be arbitrarily changed in each section. It should be noted that the temperature between the above-mentioned regions is not a clear division, but is a temporary division during continuous firing. Further, the firing furnace 23 will be described. The firing furnace 23 burns a combustible gas, for example, LPG gas to obtain a standard size semi-dry plate A ″.
And a burner (not shown) for that purpose.
The array of is provided corresponding to each area. Further, as a conveying means of the constant-size semi-dry plate A ″ in the firing furnace 23 , one type such as a mesh belt, a metal roller, a ceramic roller, an alumina roller or the like is used according to each temperature range. Since the temperature rises up to around 1400 ° C, for example, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), an alumina roller 29 is placed between the metal main shafts 27, 28 driven by a chain (not shown) to heat the metal. is intended to convey not to transmit the conduction to the drive source. the firing region of the firing furnace 23
Reference numeral 25 is a refractory brick or the like that forms a furnace and allows it to linearly and continuously pass through it. An exhaust damper (not shown) is provided between each device and area.

Next, the operation will be described.

First, a clay consisting of Shigaraki clay, chamotte, a water reducing agent and water is prepared as a raw material. The weight% is, for example, Shigaraki clay 61.5%, chamotte 18%, water reducing agent 0.5% (trade name:
Cell Flow, manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., water 20% clay mixer (MP
-100 type manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.). Further, as the extrusion molding machine 1 , for example, extrusion capacity 100 to 150 l / hr
Using the Model MV-FM-A-1 type (the Miyazakitekko Inc.), the mouthpiece 2
Is assumed to have the shape shown in FIG. 3, and the shape shown in FIG. 2 (a) is used, and it is assumed that dry air is fed as the pipe 5. In addition, as the carrier 6 , a free roller 7,
The drive belt conveyors 8 are arranged in this order. The microwave heater 9 has a frequency of 2450MHz and an output of 5k.
w, the length of the heated space 17 is 3m, and if necessary, air D
Is sent from the one wall surface of the enclosure 19 to the heated space 17 in large quantities, and the steam generated during heating is discharged to the outside from the inlets and outlets 15a, 16a to reduce the steam pressure in the heated space 17, The heating object and the inner wall of the enclosure 19 are configured so that dew condensation water can be prevented from being generated, and the transport unit 14 is a free roller made of a Teflon pipe. In addition, microwave heating machine 9
In 18% moisture extrudates A (wt%) was evaporated to 7% (wt%), the preheating region 24 of the sintering furnace 23 and the remaining water
Was set to evaporate to about 0 to 1% (wt%). Further, the extrusion speed of the extrusion molding machine 1 was 100 to 1000 mm / min, and here it was 400 mm / min. In addition, the pass lines of the extrusion-molded body A (here, a continuous-molded body shape) are set to the same height, and the extrusion-molded body A is set to the microwave heating machine 9 through the conveyor 6 without changing the extrusion speed of the extruder 1. Send
The frill roller 13 of the conveying unit 14 in the microwave heater 9 absorbs the difference in speed due to volume contraction due to water evaporation. The traveling cutter 20 synchronizes with the extrusion speed, cuts the continuous semi-dry plate A'to a fixed length with a rotary blade without stopping the line, and then takes this out through a take-out mechanism 21 and a preheater 22 and a firing furnace.
Send to 23 . The take-out mechanism 21 rotates at a speed at which the standard-size semi-drying plate A ″ cut by the traveling cutter 20 can be separated from the traveling-cutter 20, that is, a speed slightly higher than the so-called extrusion speed, and the standard-sized semi-drying plate A ″ is rotated. It was designed so that the mouths of two would not collide. Further, in the firing furnace 23, the preheating area 24 is 150
Increase the temperature up to about 800 ℃ for about 10 m,
Raise to ~ 1300 ℃ in about 5m, then cool down to 1300 ~ 300 in cooling area 26
It is a structure that drops to about 10m at about 10m. The conveying speed can be variously set, but is, for example, about 300 to 30 mm / min. Therefore, it is assumed that the clay supplied to the extruder 1 is delivered from its outlet in a continuous body having a cross section shown in FIG. Then, the extruded product A sent out is fed to the microwave heating device of the electric heater 9 via the carrier 6, and the moisture of the extruded product A is removed while passing through the heated space 17 of the microwave heating device. It is reduced to 8% (weight%) in 10 minutes on average, and is fed to the traveling cutter 20 from its exit.
Cut to 600-3000mm. As a result, the extrusion molded body A is fed to the traveling cutter 20 as a semi-dried body in about 5 to 10 minutes in a continuous zone from the outlet of the extruder 1 to the traveling cutter 20,
It is cut into a predetermined size to obtain a standard-size semi-dry plate A ″.
Supply to 23 . The preheater 22 uses the waste heat of the firing furnace 23 and heats about 1 to 3 m at about 200 to 400 ° C. The conveying means of the preheater 22 is composed of a fli roller having a driving roller partially interposed therebetween, a driving roller, or one kind of constitution as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), and the conveying speed thereof is a baking furnace. It is the same as the rotation speed of 23 rollers. The firing furnace 23 preheats, fires, and cools and sends out the ceramic plate A from the outlet 23b at a rate of, for example, 300 mm / min. The firing time was about 40 minutes, and the maximum temperature during firing was 1300 ° C. In this case, the firing time may be 1 to 2 hours depending on the plate thickness of the extruded product A.

What has been described above is only one example of the porcelain plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, the waste heat of the firing furnace 23 is used for the electric heater 9 to further efficiently dry, and a plurality of pieces are provided after the traveling cutter 20. Alternatively, the firing furnace 23 may be formed, or the firing furnace 22 may be installed not in series with the traveling cutter 20 but in a different direction via a direction changer (not shown). Further, the extruded body A may have a cross section having a shape shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to (n).

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, according to the porcelain plate manufacturing apparatus of the present invention,
Clay extruded products (short, long, continuous) containing 20 to 15% (wt.%) Of water are evaporated in 1 hour by an electric heater in a short time by an electric heater, without distortion. It has the characteristics that it is semi-dried, the half-drying time is shorter than before, and it can be cut beautifully with a traveling cutter easily and without damage.
In addition, since the extruded product is fed to the traveling cutter through an electric heater after extrusion, the length of the line can be shortened and the production can be increased. Further, even if the semi-dried standard-length molded product is fed almost directly to the firing furnace and fired, it can be fired under substantially the same conditions as the dried extruded molded product. In addition, the volume of the extruded product shrinks by about 10% in the semi-dried product as compared with that during extrusion, but the adverse effect on the transport speed due to the shrinkage can be absorbed by a fli roller or the like and fed to the traveling cutter. Further, since the drying step and the firing step have a structure using rollers, there is a feature that even a long body can be manufactured.
Also, unlike a conventional kiln, the firing furnace can change the temperature and transfer speed arbitrarily and in a short time, so the firing time is 1/8 to 1/1
It can be shortened to 0, and the total production process is about 1/50 of the previous one.
There is a feature that can be shortened to ~ 1/400.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration view showing an embodiment of a porcelain plate manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d) are explanatory views showing a cross section of an extruded product, and FIG. 3 is an example of a die part. Explanatory drawing showing
Drawings (a)-(d) are explanatory views showing an example of a core, and Drawing 5 (a) and (b) are explanatory views showing an example of an electric heating machine, for example, a microwave heating machine, and an ii line. Sectional views, FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are explanatory views showing an example of the configuration of the rollers in the firing furnace, and FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (n) are sectional views showing another example of the extrusion molded body. Is. 1 …… Extrusion molding machine, 9 …… Electric heating machine, 20 …… Running cutter, 22 …… Preheater, 23 …… Baking furnace, A …… Extrusion molding, A ′ …… Continuous semi-dry plate, A… … Ceramic plate.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C04B 33/32 L

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An extrusion molding machine for continuously extruding a raw material mainly composed of clay in a predetermined shape, and deforming the extrusion molding body in the next step in accordance with the extrusion speed of the extrusion molding body at the exit of the molding machine. A transporter that transfers without any action, an electric heater that reduces the moisture content of the extruded product sent from the transporter to a water content that can retain the shape, and a semi-dry continuous semi-dry plate sent from the heater To a constant length, a pre-heater that preheats the standard length semi-dry plate cut by the cutter and reduces the water content to about 6 to 10%, and an extruded body with the water content preheated. -Baking- A device for manufacturing a porcelain plate, comprising a roller hearth kiln-type baking furnace for slow cooling.