JP2866708B2 - Continuous ceramic plate manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a ceramic plate by continuously extruding a raw material mainly composed of clay in a layered form, and then drying, cutting and firing the material. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously manufacturing a porcelain plate in which a decorative surface is mirror-finished by polishing the decorative surface.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as an apparatus for manufacturing this kind of porcelain plate, it has been manufactured by a method of forming into a predetermined shape by an extruder, followed by drying, cutting, glaze, and firing.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, when glazed and fired, there is a disadvantage that cracks, blisters and cracks occur on the glazed surface during and after firing due to the wetting property of the clay base and the glaze, and the glaze that can be used depending on the clay base is limited. There was a disadvantage. Further, there is a disadvantage that the glaze causes an oxidation and a reduction reaction depending on the atmosphere during the firing, causing color unevenness. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the glaze makes the pattern when the clay is formed by extrusion molding unclear. For this reason, a method of utilizing the color of the clay body itself has been considered. However, in this case, there was a disadvantage that the clay raw material was expensive. Furthermore, although the porcelain plate produced by this type of equipment has been improved in design by glaze oil,
The image of a ceramic fired from clay was completely lost, and there was a defect in the design.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to eliminate such disadvantages, the present invention connects a plurality of extruders to the same die, and simultaneously extrudes clays of different materials from each extruder in a state of being laminated in layers, followed by drying and drying. By continuously cutting, firing and polishing, the decorative surface of the porcelain plate is mirror-finished, and the image of ceramics that cannot be obtained with glaze is greatly improved. Is what you do.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a continuous production apparatus for a porcelain plate according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of the above apparatus. In the figure, 1
Has a structure in which a plurality of extruders (two in the figure) 2 and 3 are connected to the same base 4 by an extruder. Explaining further, the extruder 1 simultaneously extrudes different kinds of clays A and B by the extruders 2 and 3 as shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (r), a continuous formed band (hereinafter simply referred to as a formed band) C having a predetermined cross-sectional shape composed of two layers of clays A and B is formed. That is, the clay A is a main part in the molded band C, and the clay B is a decorative surface or a pattern. In addition, clay A, B
Is mainly a natural product, and has different components depending on each locality. These characteristics and weak points are mutually offset to obtain a predetermined mixed clay. Pottery stone, feldspar,
It is made by shattering kaolinite, halosite, metahalosite, Kibushi clay, Frogme clay, Shigaraki clay, and adding water to make it. Clay B is a material similar to Clay A, but has been carefully selected to form various colors after firing. Further, FIG. 2 (a) shows FIGS. 5 (a) to
This is for forming a molded band C having a hollow part a as shown in (l). The base 4 is not deformed by the pushing force of the clays A and B, and the core 5 is attached. Things. More specifically, when the shape of the molding band A is variously shaped as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5L, the core 5 becomes a resistance in the extruder 1 and the density distribution of the molding band C becomes uneven. And helps to prevent cracking and deformation during drying and firing. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the core 5 has a plurality of lattices 5a for forming the hollow portions a in the molding band C, and air, hot air, cold air, and dry air are formed in the hollow portions a. The grid 5a has a pipe shape for forcibly sending or discharging wind and steam, and is connected to a pump 7 for sucking and exhausting air and the like from outside and a suction and exhaust pipe 6. This is to forcibly perform an air cycle of the hollow part a by forcibly sending or discharging air, hot air, cold air, and dry air to or from the hollow part a of the forming band C formed by the extruder 1 . This is effective for greatly shortening the drying time inside the forming zone C. Numeral 8 denotes a driving conveyor, which is composed of at least one of a free roller, a driving roller, a belt, a mesh belt and the like, and is tuned to the same speed as the speed of the forming belt C extruded from the extruder 1. Drive. Numeral 9 denotes a dryer, which surrounds a part of the driving transfer machine 8 or the whole, not shown, and uses one or more of an infrared heater, a far infrared heater, a microwave, and waste heat of a baking furnace 12 described later. The heat source 9a is effective for drying the molded zone A in a short time by a synergistic effect with the air cycle of the hollow portion a. % In order to enhance the shape retention and to make it into a property that can be cut and fired thereafter. The dryer 9 is provided with an infrared heater, a microwave only, or alternately, or divided into a first stage and a second stage. The atmosphere is heated to about 200 to 500 ° C. so that the dough does not crack or deform. Heating is performed according to the curve. Numeral 10 denotes a traveling cutter, which cuts the dried molded strip C into a fixed length by a rotary blade (diamond saw), laser, water pressure (water jet), electric discharge machining, or the like to form a fixed-size drying plate D. Of course, the traveling cutter 10 cuts the forming band C in synchronization with the speed. Numeral 11 denotes a transfer machine which conveys the drying plate D cut to a fixed size by the traveling cutter 10 to the firing furnace 12 at a speed higher than that of the driving conveying machine 8. It is to prevent. Numeral 12 is a firing furnace consisting of one type of roller hearth kiln and a tunnel type firing furnace. The configuration is from room temperature to high temperature (about 1300 ° C.) to room temperature, from the inlet 12a to the outlet 12b.
It becomes a mountain-like temperature distribution, and is configured by dividing the preheating region 13, the firing region 14, and the cooling region 15 in this order, and the temperature of the preheating region 13 is
30-700 ° C, firing area 14 is 300-1300 ° C, cooling area 15 is 60
The temperature was set to 0 to 30 ° C. Of course, depending on the type and composition of the clay 1, the temperature setting between the respective regions differs, and the temperature between the respective regions is not a clear division but a tentative division in continuous firing. Further firing furnace
To describe in detail 12, the firing furnace 12 is intended to firing combustible gas, for example dry plate D by burning LPG gas, arrangement of the burner for the (not shown) is provided corresponding to the respective areas Things. Further, as a conveying means of the drying plate D in the firing furnace 12 , a mesh belt, a metal roller,
A ceramic roller, an alumina roller, or the like is used. In particular, since the temperature of the range of the sintering region 14 rises to about 1300 ° C., an alumina roller 18 is placed between the metal spindles 16 and 17 as shown in FIG. In this case, the heat is not transferred to the drive source to transfer the heat. The sintering area 14 of the sintering furnace 12 is made of a furnace made of refractory bricks and the like, and is passed through the furnace continuously and linearly. An exhaust damper (not shown) is arranged between each device and the area. It should be set up. Reference numeral 19 denotes a transfer / stock yard for feeding a baking plate E, which has come out of the outlet 12b of the baking furnace 12 and whose temperature has dropped to about 30 ° C., to the polishing machine 20 in the next step. If E is still hot, it is cooled to prevent it from being quenched and broken by the lubricating liquid applied during polishing by the polishing machine 20 in the next step. Reference numeral 20 denotes a polishing machine which fixes the decorative surface α of the fired plate E which has been fired and baked by the firing furnace 12 and has a diamond polishing foil 22a attached to the tip thereof on a transfer machine 21 before, after, right and left, and vertically. Polishing is performed by a movable polishing machine 22, and the decorative surface α is mirror-finished to obtain a ceramic plate F. In the polishing machine 20 , it is possible to stop the baking plate E for polishing, or to grind during transportation. When the baking plate E is stopped and processing is performed, it is sent out from the transportation and stock yard 19. The speed and stock time of the transfer and stock yard 19 are determined in consideration of a certain time difference, that is, the speed of the so-called forming band C and the polishing time in the polishing machine 20 so that the fired plate E and the fired plate E being polished do not collide. It is to adjust. Reference numeral 23 denotes a transfer device for transferring the porcelain plate F polished by the polishing machine 20 to the next step such as packing.

Next, the operation will be described. Therefore, silica sand sludge, several kinds of melting point depressants, and fiber minerals are prepared as materials for the clays A and B. The weight percent is silicic acid wastewater 65%, melting point depressant (Kamado feldspar, sericide mineral, etc.) 25%, wollastonite 10%, water 20% by weight, As a peptizer, 0.3% by weight of sodium pyrophosphate was mixed and kneaded with a clay kneading machine (MP-100, manufactured by Miyazaki Iron Works Co., Ltd.). The extrusion machine 1 has an extrusion capacity of 50.
Those having an extrusion pressure of kg / cm ² were used. Pump 7 is 5H
P was set to exhaust, and a microwave heater and a far-infrared heater were used as the dryer 9 , and the surface of the molding zone C was evaporated and absorbed by convection with a heat value equivalent to 35 kcal · h.
The water is reduced to about 0 to 5% in about 20 to 40 minutes by the internal diffusion by the warm air exhaust at about 30 ° C. from the exhaust pipe 6,
It is dried without deformation. Next, the dried forming band C is cut into 3 m by the traveling cutter 10, becomes a drying plate D, and is continuously fed to the firing furnace 12 by the transfer device 11.
The firing furnace 12 is formed in a roller hearth kiln structure. The drying plate D is sequentially fed from the inlet 12a to the outlet 12b and transported to the rollers, and is preheated, fired, gradually cooled, and sent out as the fired plate E. I do. Next, the fired plate E is sent to the polishing machine 20 by the transfer and stockyard 19, and the decorative surface α is polished and polished by the polishing machine 22 while the next fired plate E is sent from the transfer and stockyard 19. And send it out as a ceramic plate F. Next, although not shown, the sheet is conveyed to the next step such as a packing step by the conveyor 23.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the continuous production apparatus for a porcelain plate according to the present invention, a decorative surface can be mirror-finished, and a porcelain plate with an unprecedented design can be produced. By making the color of the ceramic plate appear using the base material, a ceramic plate having a marble-like luster can be manufactured. Products that can be differentiated from ceramic products can be manufactured. No glaze is used. It is possible to use two extruders and use inexpensive clay as the main component and clay with effective elutriation on the surface layer, and the cost of raw materials is greatly reduced. A porcelain plate with dramatically improved design can be easily incorporated into a conventional device and manufactured with good productivity and yield. There are features and effects such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a continuous production apparatus for a porcelain plate according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are explanatory views showing a die portion of an extrusion molding machine, and FIG. 3 (a). ) And (b) are explanatory diagrams showing a die, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a firing furnace, and FIG.
Drawings (a)-(r) are explanatory views showing an example of a continuous formation zone. A, B: clay, 1 ... extruder, 2, 3 ... extruder, 4 ... die, 5 ... core, 7 ... pump, 9 ... dryer, 10 ... running cutter, 12 … Baking furnace, 19… Transport and stock yard, 20 … Polisher, 21… Fixed and transport machine,
22 ... Polishing machine.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An extruder for connecting two extruders for continuously extruding a raw material mainly composed of clay to the same die and simultaneously laminating and forming clay in a layered form, and sending out from the extruder. And a driving carrier for transporting the continuously formed belt as it is, and surrounding part or all of the transporter, and drying while the continuous belt is being transported in an extruded state. A dryer, a traveling cutter for cutting the continuous formed belt dried by the dryer to a fixed size, and a transfer device for transferring the drying plate cut to the fixed size by the traveling cutter at a speed higher than the driving transfer device. And a baking furnace for continuously preheating, baking, and gradually cooling the dried plate sent from the transfer machine, and a polishing machine for polishing a decorative surface of the baking plate sent from the baking furnace. Continuous production equipment for porcelain plates.