JPH07198582A - Water permeation tester and method of inspecting water channel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To determine the distribution of water permeation coefficients and anisotropy inside material attributed to heterogeneity and discontinuity by using one sample. CONSTITUTION:A water stop is engaged with the surface of a sample to divide the surface into a plurality of zones. A pressurizing plate presses the water stop. A plurality of pipe-lines 5 pierce the pressurizing plate. A test body S is housed into a pressure vessel 8 and is pressurized. The pipeline 5 corresponding to the zone serving as water injection plane is connected to a storage tank 14. The storage tank 14 is connected to a water tank 20 through a piping 15 and a booster pump 16 for injecting water. A manometer 19 and a flowmeter 21 are interposed in the course of the piping 15. The pipeline 5 corresponding to the zone serving as draining plane is connected to a water level meter 18. A manometer 27 is mounted on the remaining pipelines 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water permeability test apparatus for determining the anisotropy of water permeability of natural materials or artificial materials such as soil, rock and concrete, and the distribution of water permeability inside the material, and the water permeability thereof. The present invention relates to a waterway exploration method using a test device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In constructing a waste disposal site or an underground structure, it is necessary to appropriately predict the environmental impact caused by the construction, ensure the stability of the ground at the time of construction, or treat the spring water. For this purpose, it is necessary to accurately grasp the current state of groundwater at the construction site and to predict future changes.

For this reason, conventionally, the collected sample is formed into a cylindrical shape, and the hydraulic conductivity of the formed sample is measured by a constant water level water permeability test or a variable water level water permeability test. This test method is performed, for example, by an apparatus as shown in the figure, assuming that the sample is composed of a uniform substance. The above-mentioned constant water level water permeability test apparatus has a structure as shown in FIG. 11, for example, and a water tank 52 is connected via a pipe 53 to the upper surface of a cylindrical container 51 to which the above-mentioned molded sample 50 is coaxially mounted. ing. Further, a water level gauge 55 is connected to the lower surface of the container 51 via a pipe 54. In addition, in FIG. 11, 55a is a graduated cylinder.

A water level permeability tester is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, a stand pipe 62 is connected via a pipe 63 to the lower surface of a cylindrical container 61 to which the molded sample 60 is coaxially attached. Upper part 61a of the container 61
Is also configured as a water gauge. Then, the water permeability of the samples 50, 60 as a whole is determined by the amount of drainage (water permeability) from the other ends of the cylindrical samples 50, 60 when the water is injected at a predetermined pressure from the one end face side. Furthermore, the hydraulic conductivity of the ground or concrete from which the samples 50 and 60 are sampled is estimated.

[0005]

Natural materials or artificial materials such as soil, rocks, concrete, etc., which compose the ground and structures, are generally composed of substances having different particle sizes and materials.
And it is a heterogeneous material that often contains cracks inside. For this reason, it is important to correctly evaluate the distribution and anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity inside a substance due to inhomogeneity and discontinuity when grasping the current state and future prediction of groundwater channels.

However, in the above-mentioned conventional test method using the water permeation test device, only the amount of water permeation between a pair of water injection surface and drain surface facing each other in the samples 50 and 60 is measured. Only one value of hydraulic conductivity is obtained when the samples 50 and 60 are regarded as homogeneous materials. That is, in the above-mentioned conventional water permeability test, it is difficult to correctly evaluate the distribution of the water permeability coefficient inside the substance due to the heterogeneity or discontinuity.

In the water permeability test, one sample 5 was used.
The permeability direction tested for 0,60 is limited to one direction only. For this reason, in order to determine the anisotropy of water permeability and the water flow inside a substance due to inhomogeneity and discontinuity, multiple holes were taken in different directions due to core boring, etc. It is necessary to repeat the same test for each of the types of samples 50 and 60, and it is not possible to determine the anisotropy of permeability and the water flow from only one sample 50 and 60.

On the other hand, recently, regarding cracked rock mass, from the viewpoint that an open crack becomes a main water channel, the rock mass is modeled as an aggregate of many permeable surfaces, and numerical values such as the finite element method are used. A method of analyzing groundwater flow using an analysis method has been proposed. And verification based on the measurement data by this method is one of the important research topics in the field of rock mechanics research.

In order to verify the validity of this modeling and analysis method, a water permeability test from a plurality of directions is carried out on a rock mass having an actual crack, and the relationship between the distribution of the crack and the distribution of flow rate and pressure is quantified. Need to clarify. However, in the above-described conventional water permeability test apparatus that can measure only the amount of water permeation between a pair of opposed water injection surface and drainage surface and the test using the apparatus, one sample 5
It is impossible to obtain the pressure distribution and the flow rate distribution on the surfaces of the samples 50 and 60 from 0 and 60.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the problems as described above, and using one sample body, the distribution and anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity inside the substance caused by the inhomogeneity and discontinuity. The purpose is to seek sex.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the water permeability test apparatus of the present invention is a sample to be tested in a water permeability test apparatus for obtaining a water permeability coefficient and the like by water flow from a water injection surface of a sample to a drainage surface. A partition means that is in close contact with the entire surface of the container, partitions the surface into a plurality of compartments, and seals the sample; and a part of the plurality of compartments that is detachably connected to provide a predetermined fluid to each compartment. Injecting means capable of injecting while being controlled by pressure, discharging means detachably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and capable of discharging a fluid from the compartments while being controlled at a predetermined pressure, and at least the injecting means or A flow rate measuring means that is detachably connected to the compartment to which one of the discharge means is connected to measure the flow rate of the compartment, and a pressure of the compartment that is detachably connected to the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are connected. Measure It is characterized with a pressure measuring means, further comprising a that.

Alternatively, in a water permeation test apparatus for obtaining a water permeability coefficient or the like by passing water from a water injection surface to a drainage surface of a sample, the sample is intimately adhered to the entire surface of the sample to be tested and the surface is partitioned into a plurality of compartments. Partitioning means for sealing, injecting means detachably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and capable of injecting a fluid to each of the compartments while controlling the fluid at a predetermined flow rate, and a part of the plurality of compartments. A discharge means that is detachably connected and is capable of discharging a fluid from the compartment while controlling it at a predetermined pressure, and a flow rate of the compartment that is detachably connected to the compartment to which at least one of the injection means and the discharge means is connected. And a pressure measuring means that is detachably connected to the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are connected to measure the pressure in the compartment.

At this time, it is preferable to include a pressure measuring means which is detachably connected to at least a part of the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are not connected and which measures the pressure of the compartment. In addition, the partition means, a partition member that engages with the entire surface of the sample and opens vertically and horizontally along the surface to partition the surface into a plurality of partitions, and a pressing member that abuts the entire outer surface of the partition member, A pressure vessel capable of accommodating the sample with the partition member and the pressure member mounted therein with a predetermined gap or more, and pressurizing the pressure vessel to press the partition plate onto the sample surface through the pressure member. And a pressure means.

Further, a plurality of conduits penetrating the pressing member are provided, the inner end opening of each conduit is opposed to each section, and each conduit is extended to the outside of the pressurizing container. It is advisable to removably connect the injection means, the discharge means, the pressure measurement means, the flow rate measurement means, or the closing means for closing the pipe line. Further, it is preferable to use a fluid containing a tracer such as saline as an injecting fluid, and to provide an electric conductivity meter connected to the compartment to which the discharging means is connected.

Further, it is preferable that an observation hole is bored in the sample and a pressure measuring means is connected to the observation hole. In addition, the waterway exploration method uses a water permeability tester as described above, and conducts a series of water permeability tests performed by appropriately changing the water injection / drainage points or the water flow direction. It is characterized in that the distribution of the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of the sample or the hydraulic conductivity inside the sample is estimated by correcting the theoretical solution or the numerical analysis result based on the pressure measurement result.

[0016]

In the water permeability test apparatus of the present invention, the fluid is injected from the compartment connected to the injection means under the condition that the pressure is controlled to the predetermined pressure or the predetermined flow rate, and the fluid is discharged from the compartment connected to the discharge means. To be done. That is, the section connected to the water injection means becomes the water injection surface of the sample, and the section connected to the discharge means becomes the discharge surface.

At this time, the flow rate and pressure to be injected and the flow rate and pressure to be discharged are measured by the flow rate measuring means and the pressure measuring means connected to each of the above-mentioned sections, and the water permeability of the sample is obtained. Since the entire surface of the sample is sealed by the partition means, the partition portion not connected to the injection means and the discharge means is in a sealed state, that is, a water impermeable surface.

The injection means, drainage means, and flow rate measurement means are detachably connected to each section. Therefore, by appropriately changing the sections connected to the injection means, the drainage means, and the flow rate measurement means, it becomes possible to carry out a permeability test for a plurality of water permeation directions on the same sample, or the same water permeation direction. Even so, it is possible to conduct a water permeability test between different compartments.

In the water permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, the pressure applied to the injection side and the discharge side, and the injection side and the discharge side.
Permeability is determined from flow measurements taken on at least one of the discharge sides. Further, in the water permeability test apparatus according to the second aspect, the water permeability coefficient is obtained from the flow rate applied to the injection side, the pressure applied to the discharge side, and the pressure measurement measured on the injection side.

Further, in the water permeation test apparatus according to the third aspect, the pressure measuring means is detachably connected to the section having the water impermeable surface, so that water is passed from the water injection surface to the discharge surface. It is possible to measure the pressure applied to each impermeable section of the. Also, the partitioning means attached to the sample is
For example, the configuration described in claim 4 may be adopted.

By engaging the partition member with the sample surface, the sample surface is partitioned into a portion corresponding to the opening portion opened in the partition member. Furthermore, by attaching a pressure member to the partition member and applying pressure by the pressure means to the pressure member, the pressure member is uniformly pressed toward the center of the sample. As a result, the partition member is brought into close contact with the sample surface, and the sample is sealed by the pressing member.

Therefore, the sample is housed in the pressure vessel which constitutes the partition means and is in a hermetically sealed state. At this time, by providing a plurality of pipelines as described in claim 5,
Each section on the surface of the sample in the sealed state can be communicated with the outside through the corresponding conduit.

Therefore, by connecting the injection means, the discharge means, the pressure measuring means, and the flow rate measuring means to the pipe line extending to the outside, the injection and discharge of the fluid to and from the desired compartment can be easily performed. It is possible to measure the pressure and flow rate of the fluid and the fluid to be discharged. At this time, a valve such as an on-off valve is attached to the pipe line corresponding to the section that becomes the impermeable surface to close it,
A pressure measuring means is attached to measure the pressure applied to the compartment.

Further, as described in claim 6,
A fluid containing a tracer such as saline may be used as the fluid. In this case, the effective porosity and dispersion coefficient in the sample are obtained by measuring the electric conductivity on the drainage side. Further, as described in claim 7, a pressure measuring means is provided in the sample to measure the pressure in the middle of the water.

[0025] Then, as described in claim 8, the flow rate value when the water permeability test of the above-mentioned configuration is used and the water flow direction and the water injection / drainage points of the same sample are changed The anisotropy of the actual hydraulic conductivity of the sample,
Estimate the distribution of hydraulic conductivity inside the sample. by this,
Water flow and permeability in all directions of the sample can be obtained.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, the structure will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, each water stop plate 2 constituting a partition member is attached to the surface of the sample 1, and further each press member constituting a pressure member is provided on the outer peripheral side thereof. The pressure plate 3 is attached and the test body S is formed.

The sample 1 is obtained by drilling a predetermined rock mass to be investigated by block sampling or the like, and the sample 1 is formed into a cube which is one of regular polyhedrons. One surface of the water blocking plate 2 is in contact with and engaged with the six surfaces of the sample 1. Each of the water blocking plates 2 is made of a flexible member such as silicon rubber in order to improve the adhesion to the sample 1, and the outer frame is made of a square flat plate. The surface of each water stop plate 2 is provided with a plurality of openings 2a in a grid pattern. And
By attaching the water blocking plate 2 to the surface of the sample 1, the sample 1
The surface is partitioned into a plurality of compartments 4 by the plurality of openings 2a that are evenly opened in the left-right and up-down directions.

Each pressure plate 3 that abuts and engages with the outer surface of each water stop plate 2 is formed of a square flat plate having a predetermined rigidity such as a steel plate or an acrylic plate. In the pressure plate 3, a plurality of conduits 5 are evenly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions and penetrate the pressure plate 3, respectively. Opening end (tip) of each pipeline 5 penetrating the pressure plate 3 on the side of the water stop plate 2
Faces the inside of each opening 2a formed in the water stop plate 2, that is, the surface of each sample 1 in the section 4. As a result, each pipeline 5 is associated with each partition 4 in a one-to-one correspondence.

Sealing members 7 such as silicone adhesive are filled in the gaps between the adjacent sides and corners of the pressure plates 3 forming the six outer surfaces of the test body S, and the gap positions are set. The invasion of water from the sample to the sample 1 is blocked to ensure the sealing property of the sample 1 by the pressure plate 3. The test body S configured as described above is accommodated in the pressure vessel 8 with a margin. Inside the pressure vessel 8, one end of a pipe 9 is connected. The other end of the pipe 9 is connected to a water tank 11 via a booster pump 10 for a pressure vessel.

The booster pump 10 for the pressurized container includes
It is connected to a hydraulic pressure source 13, which is a fluid pressure source, via a servo valve 12, and controls the opening of the servo valve 12 and the hydraulic pressure source 13.
It can be driven by driving. Further, the plurality of conduits 5 provided on the pressure plate 3 extend through the wall portion of the pressure container 8 to the outside. A water blocking packing is attached to the through hole of the wall portion to prevent water leakage from the through hole.

Further, of the above-mentioned pipelines 5, the pipelines 5 whose tip portions are opposed to the compartment 4 serving as the water injection surface on the surface of the sample 1 can be attached to and detached from the storage tank 14 via the one-touch connector with a stopper function. It is connected to the. One end of a pipe 15 is connected to the storage tank 14. The pipe 15 is connected to a water tank 20 via a water injection booster pump 16. A pressure gauge 19 constituting a pressure measuring means and a flowmeter 21 constituting a flow measuring means are provided in the middle of the pipe 15. The pressure gauge 19 and the flow meter 21 can supply signals corresponding to the detected pressure value and flow rate value to the computer 24 via the amplifier 22 and the A / D converter 23, respectively.

The hydraulic power source 13 is connected to the water injection booster pump 16 via a servo valve 17, and can be driven by controlling the opening of the servo valve 17 and driving the hydraulic pressure source 13. Further, among the above-mentioned pipelines 5, the pipelines 5 whose tip end faces the section 4 serving as the drainage surface of the surface of the sample 1 are water level gauges constituting the flow rate measuring means via the one-touch connector with a stopper function. It is connected to 18.

Each water level gauge 18 has a regulator 25.
The compressor 26 is connected to the water level gauges 18 through the same so that the same back pressure can be applied to each water level gauge 18. Further, a pressure gauge 27 constituting a pressure measuring means is attached to the remaining pipe line 5 whose tip does not face the compartment 4 which is the water injection surface or the drainage surface of the sample 1. The pressure gauge 27 can supply a signal corresponding to each detected pressure value to the computer 24 via the amplifier 22 and the A / D converter 23.

Further, the computer 24 uses the pressure gauges 19
Based on the pressure value and flow rate value on the water injection surface, drainage surface, and water impermeable surface, which are supplied from the flowmeter 21 and the flowmeter 21, etc. The anisotropy of properties and the distribution of the hydraulic conductivity inside the sample 1, that is, the water flow inside the sample 1 in all directions is estimated. A water permeation test using the water permeation test apparatus having the above configuration will be described below.

First, a sample 1 such as rock mass sampled by block sampling or the like is formed into a cubic shape by a known means. Next, the water blocking plate 2 and the pressure plate 3 forming a pair are attached to the entire surface of the molded sample 1. At this time, the silicone adhesive 7 is applied to the side and corner portions of the adjoining pressure plates 3.
To connect the pressure plates 3 to each other and seal the connection portion (gap portion).

Next, the test body S thus constructed
Are stored in the pressure vessel 8. At this time, the respective pipe lines 5 extending from the respective pressure plates 3 are taken out of the pressure container 8 through the predetermined through holes formed in the pressure container 8 and the waterproof packing. Next, of these pipelines 5, the pipeline 5 used for water injection is connected to the storage tank 14. In addition, the pipelines 5 used for drainage are connected to the water level gauge 18, respectively. Further, a pressure gauge 19 is attached to the outer end of the pipe 5 which is not used for water injection or drainage to stop water.

After the installation of the test body S and the installation of the pipe 15 are completed as described above, the booster pump 10 for the pressurized container is driven through the hydraulic pressure source 13 and the servo valve 12 to drive the water in the pressurized container 8 into water. And the pressure vessel 8 is filled with water. Further, the booster pump 10 for the pressurized container is continuously driven to apply a predetermined water pressure to the pressurized container 8. Each of the pressure plates 3 is pressed toward the center of the sample 1 by the applied water pressure. At the same time, each water blocking plate 2 is pressed against each surface of the sample 1 via the pressure plate 3 and pressure-bonded to the surface. As a result, the surface of each sample 1 is divided into a plurality of compartments 4 by the grid-shaped openings 2a opened in the water stop plate 2, and each compartment 4 has an independent water-filling surface, drainage surface, and impermeable surface. Constitute. That is, each surface of the sample 1 is also divided into a plurality of compartments 4, and it is possible to easily set not only the water flow direction but also a part of the one surface as a water injection surface or a drainage surface.

In this state, the compressor 26 is driven to apply the same predetermined back pressure to the plurality of drainage surfaces in each of the compartments 4, and the water injection booster pump 16 is driven to reach a predetermined pressure. Water is stored in storage tank 14
Water having the same pressure is supplied from the storage tank 14 to the plurality of water injection surfaces in each of the sections 4.

Then, water flows through the inside of the sample 1 due to the pressure difference between the water injection surface side and the drainage surface side. Under such circumstances, the flowmeter 21 and the pressure gauge 19 provided in the pipe 15 on the water injection side measure the flow rate and the water pressure on the water injection side, and at the same time, the water level gauge installed in the pipe 5 on the discharge side. The flow rate and water pressure on the discharge side are measured by 18. Furthermore, the respective pressures acting on the respective compartments 4 constituting the water impermeable surface are measured.

With this, the permeability and the test value of the water flow in one direction are measured. The flow rate signal corresponding to each flow rate thus detected and the pressure signal corresponding to the pressure are supplied to the computer 24 via the amplifier 22 and the A / D converter. The sample 1 is saturated before being placed in the pressure vessel 8. Furthermore, the pressure vessel 8
When the pipe 15 and the pipe line 5 are installed inside the pipe and the arrangement of the pipe line 5 and the like is completed, after degassing with a vacuum pump through the pipe line 5 and then reinjecting degassed water, the saturated state inside the sample 1 is perfect. Have sex.

When the collection of the information in one direction is completed by the above operation, the section 4 on the surface of the sample 1 which serves as a water injection surface and a drainage surface.
While sequentially changing, the above information is collected in each direction for the same sample 1. At this time, the pipe lines 5 arranged corresponding to the compartments 4 extend to the outside of the pressure vessel 8 and are detachably connected to the storage tank 14 and the water level gauge 18 via a one-touch connector. . Therefore, the change of the surface portion of the sample 1 in the section 4 which is the water injection surface and the drainage surface is performed by changing the tip of the pipe line 5 protruding outside the pressurizing container 8,
It is implemented by simply attaching and detaching the storage tank 14 and the water level gauge 18 through the one-touch connector.

By correcting the assumed theoretical solution or the numerical analysis result by the data of the flow rate value and the pressure value obtained by these tests, the anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity of the sample 1 and the hydraulic conductivity of the inside of the sample 1 can be calculated. The distribution is determined. For the selection of the water injection surface and the drainage surface, for example, three pairs of opposing surfaces as shown in FIG. 5 are set. Then, one water permeation test is performed using one surface as a water injection surface and the opposite surface as a drainage surface. This is performed a total of 6 times by exchanging the water injection surface and the drainage surface in 3 directions.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, a water injection surface and a water discharge surface are set in diagonal directions, and the water injection surface and the water discharge surface are exchanged in four directions, and a total of eight water permeability tests are carried out. In this way, the value of the water permeability coefficient in each set direction can be obtained from the amount of water permeation and the pressure value detected in each section 4 at that time by the water permeability test conducted in a plurality of directions. Figure 7
It is an example showing the anisotropy of the water permeability obtained in this way. In addition, FIG. 8 is an example of the distribution state of the flow rate on the surface of the sample 1 obtained in the same manner. In addition, in FIG. 8, a straight line indicates a main crack observed on the surface of the sample 1.

The distribution of the hydraulic conductivity in the sample 1 can be determined, for example, by correcting the theoretical solution or the numerical analysis result by the iterative calculation procedure of forward analysis and inverse analysis as shown in FIG. That is, first, the shape of the sample 1 is divided into a cubic element (or a grid-like line element) and a node that connects each element and modeled (step 1), and an assumed hydraulic conductivity is assigned to each element (step 2). ). Boundary conditions of the flow rate reflecting the test conditions are set in such a model (step 3), and the pressure at each node of the model is calculated (step 4). Up to this point is the forward analysis.

The calculated pressure thus obtained is compared with the measured pressure, and a permeability coefficient that minimizes the error between the two is newly obtained by the least square method (step 5). next,
If it is not within the allowable residual (step 6), the pressure is calculated again under the same boundary condition as the previous time, and the result is compared with the measured pressure (step 7). This is the reverse analysis.

Thereafter, similar calculation is repeated until the residual difference between the calculated pressure and the measured pressure falls within the allowable range (step 6). Finally, from the result of falling within the allowable residual, sample 1
Obtain the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in. FIG. 10 is an example showing the distribution of the hydraulic conductivity thus obtained. here,
As the element division method and numerical analysis method used in the above calculation,
Although various models can be considered, no matter what method is adopted, the boundary condition is clear, and
Pressure and flow measurements at multiple points are required.
The present embodiment has a function capable of satisfying these conditions.

In the above embodiment, the water permeability test was carried out by molding the sample 1 into a cubic shape, but the shape of the sample 1 after molding is not limited to the cubic shape, and may be a cylindrical shape or a cylindrical shape. There is no problem even if it is formed into a known shape having another symmetrical structure such as a 21-faced body or a sphere, and then implemented. At this time, the shapes of the water blocking plate 2 and the pressure plate 3 adhered to the surface of the sample 1 are also set to shapes and curvatures that can be engaged with the surface of each molded sample 1.

Further, in the above embodiment, the water stop plate 2 and the pressure plate 3 are formed as separate bodies and are attached in order, but the water stop plate 2 and the pressure plate 3 are integrally formed. It may be molded, and then attached to the sample 1, that is, the working efficiency for setting the test body S may be improved. Further, in the above embodiment, water is injected into the injection side, but instead of water, a fluid containing a tracer such as salt water is injected, and an electric conductivity meter is installed in the drainage side pipe 5. May be. In this case, the electric conductivity of the fluid discharged to the drainage side is measured to detect the concentration change on the discharge side, and the effective porosity and dispersion coefficient in the sample 1 are obtained.

Further, in the above embodiment, the inside of the pressure vessel 8 is pressurized by water pressure, but it may be pressurized by air pressure. Further, although the hydraulic power source 13 is used as the drive source for driving the water injection booster pump 16 and the pressurized container booster pump 10, each pump is driven by an air pressure source or an electric motor. May be. Further, although the hydraulic pressure source 13 is shared by both pumps, it may be provided separately corresponding to each pump.

Further, in the above embodiment, the pressure gauge 27 is attached to the pipe 5 corresponding to the section 4 which is the impermeable surface. However, if the pressure on the impermeable surface is not measured, the pipe 5 is not connected. Instead of the pressure gauge 27, a valve forming a closing means may be attached to close the valve. Further, in the above embodiment, water pressure is used as the pressurizing means, but the pressurizing mechanism of the pressurizing means is mechanically pressed by pressing the pressurizing plates 3 against the sample side 1 by expanding and contracting the cylinder device or the like. You may comprise.

In addition to the measurement of the flow rate and pressure on the surface of the sample 1 as described above, an observation hole may be drilled inside the sample 1 and a pressure gauge as a pressure measuring means may be set in the observation hole. Alternatively, the pressure inside the sample may be detected to further improve the calculation result of the anisotropy of water permeability and the like.

[0052]

As described above, according to the present invention, one sample can be used to easily control the pressure and the flow rate individually in a plurality of directions and at a plurality of points on the surface of the sample. Permeability test is possible. Therefore, the anisotropy of the water permeability coefficient can be determined by conducting the water permeability test in a plurality of directions on one sample. In addition, since it is possible to measure pressure and flow rate at many points on the sample surface, by comparing the results with numerical analysis results, the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in the sample, that is, the sample in all directions, Furthermore, the corresponding water features such as bedrock are required.

As a result, in the case of bedrock, it becomes possible to improve the grasp of the present condition and future prediction of the water channel, and to appropriately take the water stop measures.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a water permeability test of an example according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view (however, a pipe line is omitted) showing a configuration of a test body of an example according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a relationship between a water blocking plate and a pressure plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a top view showing a test body of an example according to the present invention (however, a pressure plate on the top surface and a pipe line are omitted).

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a water flow direction of an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a water flow direction of an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of anisotropy of water permeability obtained by the water permeability test of the example according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the flow rate distribution on the sample surface obtained by the water permeability test of the example according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an analysis procedure for obtaining anisotropy of water permeability and distribution of the water permeability of an example according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a distribution of water permeability obtained by a water permeability test of an example according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional water permeability test.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional water permeability test.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 sample 2 water stop plate 2a opening 3 pressurizing plate 4 division 5 pipeline 8 pressurizing container 10 booster pump for pressurizing container 11 water tank 12 servo valve 13 hydraulic source 14 storage tank 16 water booster pump 17 servo valve 18 water level Total 19 Pressure gauge 21 Flowmeter 24 Computer 26 Compressor S Test piece

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A water permeation test apparatus for determining a water permeability, etc. by passing water from a water injection surface to a drain surface of a sample, in close contact with the entire surface of the sample to be tested, and partitioning the surface into a plurality of compartments. Partition means for sealing, and injecting means removably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and capable of injecting fluid into each compartment while controlling the fluid at a predetermined pressure,
A discharge means that is detachably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and that is capable of discharging a fluid from the compartments while controlling it at a predetermined pressure, and a compartment that is connected to at least one of the injection means and the discharge means. Flow rate measuring means connected to the compartment for measuring the flow rate of the compartment, and pressure measuring means detachably connected to the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are connected to measure the pressure of the compartment. A water permeation test device. 2. A water permeability test apparatus for determining a water permeability, etc. by passing water from a water injection surface to a drainage surface of a sample, in close contact with the entire surface of the sample to be tested, and partitioning the surface into a plurality of compartments. Partitioning means for sealing, and an injecting means detachably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and capable of injecting fluid into each compartment while controlling the fluid at a predetermined flow rate,
A discharge means that is detachably connected to a part of the plurality of compartments and that is capable of discharging a fluid from the compartments while controlling it at a predetermined pressure, and a compartment that is connected to at least one of the injection means and the discharge means. Flow rate measuring means connected to the compartment for measuring the flow rate of the compartment, and pressure measuring means detachably connected to the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are connected to measure the pressure of the compartment. A water permeation test device. 3. Removably connected to at least a part of the compartment to which the injection means and the discharge means are not connected,
The water permeation test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a pressure measuring unit that measures the pressure of the compartment. 4. A partition member, wherein the partition means engages with the entire surface of the sample and opens vertically and horizontally along the surface to partition the surface into a plurality of compartments, and a pressure applied to the entire outer surface of the partition member. Member, a pressure container capable of accommodating a sample mounted with the partition member and the pressure member with a predetermined gap or more, and a pressure inside the pressure container to press the partition plate to the sample surface via the pressure member. The water permeation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pressurizing means for press-bonding. 5. A plurality of conduits penetrating the pressure member are provided, and inner end openings of the conduits are opposed to the sections, and
Each of the pipelines is extended to the outside of the pressurized container, and an injecting means, a discharging means, a pressure measuring means, a flow rate measuring means, or a closing means for closing the pipeline is detachably connected to the pipeline. The water permeation test device according to claim 4. 6. A fluid containing a tracer such as a saline solution is used as an injecting fluid, and an electric conductivity meter connected to a section to which the discharging means is connected is provided. The water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. The water permeation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an observation hole is drilled in the sample, and a pressure measuring means is also connected to the observation hole. 8. A series of water permeability tests conducted by appropriately changing the water injection / drainage points or water flow directions using the water permeability test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. It is characterized in that the distribution of the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of the sample or the hydraulic conductivity inside the sample is estimated by correcting the theoretical solution or the numerical analysis result based on the obtained flow rate value or pressure measurement result. Water way exploration method