CN111638169A - Rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system and method - Google Patents
Rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111638169A CN111638169A CN202010520592.5A CN202010520592A CN111638169A CN 111638169 A CN111638169 A CN 111638169A CN 202010520592 A CN202010520592 A CN 202010520592A CN 111638169 A CN111638169 A CN 111638169A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for testing the seepage distribution of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The test system comprises a water tank, a advection pump, a water inlet plate, a water outlet plate, a flow guide gasket, a sealing test cavity, a three-dimensional fracture network test piece, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the advection pump sucks water from the water tank and sends the water to the water inlet plate, the water inlet plate is arranged on the side surface in the sealing test cavity, the water outlet plate and the water inlet plate are arranged oppositely, the flow guide gasket is attached to the water outlet plate, the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is placed between the water inlet plate and the flow guide gasket in the sealing test cavity, and n flow guide gaskets are arranged on2A grid, n is arranged on the water outlet plate corresponding to the grid2Each water outlet is connected with a data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is connected with a data processing device. The test system is used for testing, the fracture flow of each area of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece can be measured respectively, and quantitative description of flow distribution in the fractured rock mass is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a system and a method for testing the seepage distribution of a rock three-dimensional fracture network.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, with the rise of underground engineering such as submarine tunnels, energy storage and nuclear waste treatment, the hydraulic characteristics of rock mass gradually become the key point of the research field of rock mechanics. A large number of fractures distributed in three-dimensional space exist in a natural rock body, and a fracture network formed by the mutual intersection of the fractures is a main flow channel of underground water. Research reveals that the rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage mechanism has important significance for underground energy development and utilization.
Due to the complexity of the fracture geometry and the roughness of the fracture surface, the fluid generally flows along a tortuous path with a high permeability coefficient and low resistance, creating a channeling phenomenon, and such uneven flow of fluid is a common phenomenon in fractured rock mass seepage. When seepage tests are carried out, the flow distribution of fluid in the fracture cannot be directly measured generally. In the past experiment, a visualization technology is applied, a main flow path of dyeing water is obtained by processing a transparent crack test piece, adding dyeing water and combining a continuous shooting technology, and the crack groove flow phenomenon is explained. However, this method is only suitable for single-fracture or quasi-three-dimensional fracture networks (i.e., fracture networks are completely vertically through in their thickness direction). In a practical three-dimensional fracture network, fractures can block each other, and the fluid flow path in each fracture cannot be directly observed. The existing method can only carry out qualitative description and cannot quantitatively show the distribution nonuniformity of the fluid in the fracture. Therefore, the fluid flow distribution in the fractured rock mass needs to be quantitatively described, so that the efficient exploitation of natural resources such as petroleum and natural gas is guided, and the existing rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution test system and method are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for testing the three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution of a rock mass, aiming at realizing the quantitative description of the fluid flow distribution in the fractured rock mass and measuring the three-dimensional fracture network seepage flow of the rock mass in different areas.
A rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution test system comprises a water tank, a advection pump and an inflow pipeThe horizontal flow pump sucks water from the water tank and sends the water to the water inlet plate, the water inlet plate is arranged on the side surface in the sealed test cavity, and the water inlet plate is provided with a water inlet hole; the water outlet plate and the water inlet plate are arranged oppositely, and the flow guide gasket is attached to the water outlet plate; the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is placed between a water inlet plate and a flow guide gasket in the sealed test cavity; n is arranged on the flow guide gasket2A grid, n is arranged on the water outlet plate corresponding to the grid2A water outlet hole, wherein n is a positive integer greater than 2; the water outlet is connected with a beaker of the data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is connected with the data processing device.
Preferably, the sealing test cavity comprises an upper sealing plate, a lower sealing plate, a left sealing plate, a right sealing plate, a front sealing plate and a rear sealing plate, and the sealing plates of the sealing test cavity are fixed through nuts; the left sealing plate is provided with an opening corresponding to the water inlet hole, and the right sealing plate is provided with an opening corresponding to the water outlet hole.
Preferably, the data acquisition device comprises a data acquisition unit, a water pressure sensor, a beaker and an electronic scale, wherein the water pressure sensor is respectively arranged at the upstream of the water inlet and the downstream of the water outlet; water of the water outlet hole flows into a beaker through a guide pipe, and the beaker is placed on an electronic scale; the electronic scale and the water pressure sensor are connected with the data acquisition unit.
It is also preferable that the data processing device includes a computer, and the computer records and stores the parameter information transmitted by the data collector, and calculates the flow rate of each water outlet and the pressure difference between the water outlet and the water inlet.
It is also preferred that the deflector shim is of rubber material, n2Dividing a three-dimensional fracture network test piece into n by each grid2A region, wherein n is greater than 3.
A method for testing the seepage distribution of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock body utilizes the seepage distribution testing system of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock body, and comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a three-dimensional fracture network test piece, putting the test piece into a sealed test cavity, and installing a fixed water tank, a constant flow pump, a water inlet plate, a water outlet plate, a flow guide gasket, the sealed test cavity, a data acquisition device and a data processing device;
opening a constant flow pump to fill water and exhaust the pipeline of the test system;
setting the flow of the advection pump, enabling water flow to flow into the three-dimensional fracture network test piece through the water inlet hole, enabling the water flow to flow through each area of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece, enter each grid of the flow guide gasket, and flow into the beaker through the water outlet hole;
fourthly, the data acquisition device and the data processing device acquire and record the water pressure P at the water inletinAnd the water pressure P of each water outlet holeoutAnd the water yield t corresponding to each electronic scale;
step five, setting increment △ F, adjusting the flow rate of the advection pump to be sequentially set to Fn＝F1+ m ×△ F, wherein F1Taking m as a positive integer as an initial flow, repeating the steps of 3-4 to obtain different pressure differences △ PnAnd evaluating the seepage characteristics of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece by using a lower water outlet flow distribution diagram, a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the flow of each water outlet and a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the total flow.
Preferably, the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured by field sampling or 3D printing, and is cuboid and matched with the sealed test cavity in size.
Preferably, the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured through 3D printing, manufactured according to fracture distribution of site rocks, or self-defined parameters of positions, lengths, openness, inclination and inclination angles of fractures are set, the position of the central point of each fracture is set to be in accordance with Poisson distribution, the lengths are in accordance with power law distribution, the openness is in accordance with truncated Gaussian distribution, and the inclination angles are in accordance with Fisher function distribution.
It is further preferred that at least 1 connected crack exists between two corresponding side surfaces along the water flow direction of the three-dimensional crack network test piece.
The system and the method for testing the seepage distribution of the rock three-dimensional fracture network have the beneficial effects that: rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution test system passes through diversion padThe system has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in test, flexibility in adjustment and the like, the test system is utilized for testing, the influence of the position, length, opening degree, inclination and inclination angle parameters of the fracture on seepage can be researched by manufacturing the three-dimensional fracture network test piece, and the influence of different pressure differences △ P can be utilizednAnd directly evaluating the seepage characteristics of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece by using a lower water outlet flow distribution diagram, a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the flow of each water outlet and a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the total flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution test system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a flow guide gasket;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the water outlet plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fitting structure of a guide gasket and a water outlet plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the water intake plate;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the left seal plate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the right seal plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the upper seal plate;
FIG. 9 is a water outlet flow profile;
FIG. 10 is a graph of differential pressure versus flow for 1 outlet;
FIG. 11 is a graph of pressure differential versus total flow;
in the figure: 1-a water tank, 2-a constant flow pump and 3-a water inlet plate; 4-water outlet plate, 41-rubber plug, and 42-water outlet hole;
5-flow guiding gasket, 51-baffle and 52-grid area;
6-sealing the test chamber, 61-an upper sealing plate, 62-a lower sealing plate, 63-a left sealing plate, 64-a right sealing plate and 65-a sealing gasket;
7-three-dimensional fracture network test piece;
81-data acquisition unit, 82-water pressure sensor, 83-beaker, 84-electronic scale, 85-valve;
9-computer.
Detailed Description
The concrete embodiment of the rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system and method provided by the invention is described with reference to fig. 1 to 11.
A rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system is shown in figure 1 and specifically comprises a water tank 1, a advection pump 2, a water inlet plate 3, a water outlet plate 4, a flow guide gasket 5, a sealing test cavity 6, a three-dimensional fracture network test piece 7, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the water inlet plate 3, the water outlet plate 4, the flow guide gasket 5, the sealing test cavity 6, the three-dimensional fracture network test piece 7 and the data acquisition device are matched with each other to divide a test piece into a plurality of areas, corresponding water inlet holes and water outlet holes 42 are formed in the areas, the data acquisition device is used for measuring the flow of each area respectively, and evaluation on seepage nonuniformity of the test piece is realized. The advection pump 2 sucks water from the water tank 1 and sends the water to the water inlet plate 3, the water inlet plate 3 is arranged on the side face of the sealed test cavity 6, a water inlet hole is formed in the water inlet plate 3, water is injected into one side face of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece through the water inlet hole, as shown in fig. 5, (a) is a front view of the water inlet plate, and fig. 5(b) is a side view of the water inlet plate. The water outlet plate 4 and the water inlet plate 3 are oppositely arranged in the water flow direction, the flow guide gasket 5 is attached to the water outlet plate 4, the water outlet plate 4 and the water outlet plate can also be detached, connected and clamped together, the flow guide gasket is extruded by the water outlet plate 4 after the installation is finished, and the flow guide gasket 5 is attached to a test piece; the structure of the water outlet plate 4 is shown in fig. 3, in which (a) is a front view and fig. 3(b) is a side view. The three-dimensional fracture network test piece 7 is placed between the water inlet plate and the flow guide gasket in the sealed test cavity. N is arranged on the guide gasket 52N is arranged on the water outlet plate 4 corresponding to the grids2The number of the grids corresponds to the number of the water outlet holes, and the position of the water outlet hole 42 is opposite to the space surrounded by the grids and can be corresponding to the center of the grids or be deviated from the center. The guide gasket 5 may be made of rubber material, and the partitions between the grids on the guide gasket have a certain thickness, and the thickness is partially equal to that of the gridsThe size of the grid is negligible. The apopore links to each other through pipe and data acquisition device's beaker on the apopore 4 goes out the water board 4, and rivers still are provided with valve 85 in the apopore that goes out flows into beaker 83 through the pipe on each pipe, and data acquisition device and data processing device link to each other, and data processing device handles each item parameter of gathering.
Wherein, sealed test chamber 6 is the experimental cavity that encloses through the closing plate, is used for placing the test piece in the experimental cavity, and sealed test chamber 6 includes upper seal plate, lower closing plate, left closing plate, right closing plate, preceding closing plate and back closing plate, and each closing plate in sealed test chamber passes through the nut to be fixed. The structure of the left seal plate 63 is shown in the front view of fig. 6(a) and the side view of fig. 6(b), the structure of the right seal plate 64 is shown in the front view of fig. 7(a) and the side view of fig. 7(b), and the structure of the upper seal plate 61 is shown in the front view of fig. 8(a) and the side view of fig. 8 (b). Wherein, the left sealing plate 63 is provided with an opening corresponding to the water inlet, the position of the opening is on the same straight line with the water inlet 3, the outer diameter of the opening is consistent with that of the conduit, and the conduit and the water inlet are fixedly inserted by a rubber plug; a plurality of openings corresponding to the water outlet holes are formed in the right sealing plate 64, the openings in the right sealing plate 64 and the water outlet holes are on the same axis, the outer diameters of the openings and the outer diameters of the guide pipes are consistent, and the guide pipes in the water outlet holes are fixedly inserted through rubber plugs.
The data acquisition device comprises a data acquisition unit 81, a water pressure sensor 82, a beaker 83 and an electronic scale 84, wherein the water pressure sensor is respectively arranged on the guide pipes at the upstream of the water inlet hole and the downstream of each water outlet hole. The water from the water outlet 42 flows through the conduit to the beaker 83 which is placed on an electronic scale 84 which measures the weight of the water in the beaker. The electronic scale 84 and the water pressure sensor 82 are connected with a data acquisition unit. The data processing device comprises a computer 9, wherein the computer records and stores the parameter information transmitted by the data acquisition unit, and calculates the flow of each water outlet and the pressure difference between the water outlet and the water inlet.
In addition, the guide gasket 5 can be made of rubber materials or other sealing waterproof materials, the space thickness is smaller than 8mm which is surrounded by grids on the guide gasket 5, the grids are generally square, and n passes through2Three-dimensional fracture net divided by gridsThe collateral test piece is n2The number and size of the grids can be selected according to experimental requirements.
A method for testing the seepage distribution of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock body utilizes the seepage distribution testing system of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock body, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, manufacturing a three-dimensional fracture network test piece, putting the test piece into a sealed test cavity, installing a fixed water tank, a constant flow pump, a water inlet plate, a water outlet plate, a flow guide gasket, the sealed test cavity, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, connecting all components of a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution test system, and ensuring the water quantity and the water quality in the water tank.
The three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured by field sampling or 3D printing, and is cuboid and matched with the sealed test cavity in size. The three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured by 3D printing, and is manufactured according to the fracture distribution of site rocks, or the position, the length, the opening degree, the inclination and the inclination angle parameters of a fracture are customized, for example, the position of the center point of each fracture is set to be compliant with Poisson distribution, the length is compliant with power law distribution, the opening degree is compliant with truncated Gaussian distribution, and the inclination angle are compliant with Fisher function distribution; parameters are set according to different distributions, so that the characteristics of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece under different distribution parameter conditions are simulated, and the seepage characteristics of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece can be directly and correspondingly judged by measuring the distribution characteristic parameters of the fractures according to the distribution characteristics in the engineering practice. In addition, at least 1 communicated crack exists between two corresponding side surfaces of the three-dimensional crack network test piece along the water flow direction, and the test piece is ensured to be communicated in the water flow direction.
After the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is installed, the diversion gasket is pressed on the three-dimensional fracture network test piece through the water outlet plate, and therefore the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is divided into a plurality of areas according to grids on the diversion gasket.
And step two, after each valve in the system is opened, the constant flow pump is opened to fill water and exhaust the pipeline of the test system, so that the influence of bubbles generated in the test process on the test result is avoided.
Setting the flow of the advection pump, enabling water flow to flow into the three-dimensional fracture network test piece through the water inlet hole, enabling the water flow to flow through each area of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece and enter each grid of the flow guide gasket, and enabling water flowing out of the side face of the test piece in each grid range to flow into the beaker through the water outlet hole.
After the water flow is stable, acquiring and recording the water pressure P at the water inlet through the data acquisition device and the data processing deviceinAnd the water pressure P of each water outlet holeoutAnd the water yield t corresponding to each electronic scale.
Wherein the water pressure P at the water inletinThe water pressure P of the water outlet hole is adjusted by the constant flow pumpoutThe number of parameters being n2Can be respectively marked as P out1、P out2…Poutn2The parameter number is consistent with the specific water outlet hole number, and the parameter of the exuded water outlet quantity obtained by the electronic scale is n2Can be respectively marked as t1, t2 … t9 … tn2Adding all the electronic balance recorded data in unit time to obtain △ P pressure difference1＝Pin1－Pout1Lower total seepage water yield Q1。
Step five, setting the increment △ F to be 1.0ML/min, and adjusting the flow rate of the advection pump to be sequentially set to Fn＝F1+ m ×△ F, wherein F1For the initial flow, the initial flow is set to be 2.0ML/min in this embodiment, m is a positive integer, and the steps of 3-4 are repeated to obtain different pressure differences △ PnLower outlet flow profile, wherein △ P1＝Pin－PoutThe relation curve graph of the pressure difference and the flow of each water outlet and the relation curve graph of the pressure difference and the total flow adopt Forchheimer's formula that- ▽ P is AQ + BQ2And fitting a relation curve of the pressure and the flow so as to evaluate the seepage characteristic of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A rock three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system is characterized by comprising a water tank, a advection pump, a water inlet plate, a water outlet plate, a flow guide gasket, a sealing test cavity, a three-dimensional fracture network test piece, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the advection pump sucks water from the water tank and sends the water to the water inlet plate, the water inlet plate is arranged on the side surface in the sealing test cavity, and a water inlet hole is formed in the water inlet plate; the water outlet plate and the water inlet plate are arranged oppositely, and the flow guide gasket is attached to the water outlet plate; the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is placed between a water inlet plate and a flow guide gasket in the sealed test cavity; n is arranged on the flow guide gasket2A grid, n is arranged on the water outlet plate corresponding to the grid2A water outlet hole, wherein n is a positive integer greater than 2; the water outlet is connected with a beaker of the data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is connected with the data processing device.
2. The system for testing the seepage distribution of the rock three-dimensional fracture network according to claim 1, wherein the sealing test cavity comprises an upper sealing plate, a lower sealing plate, a left sealing plate, a right sealing plate, a front sealing plate and a rear sealing plate, and the sealing plates of the sealing test cavity are fixed through nuts; the left sealing plate is provided with an opening corresponding to the water inlet hole, and the right sealing plate is provided with an opening corresponding to the water outlet hole.
3. The system for testing the seepage distribution of the rock three-dimensional fracture network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device comprises a data acquisition unit, a water pressure sensor, a beaker and an electronic scale, and the water pressure sensor is respectively arranged at the upstream of the water inlet and the downstream of the water outlet; water of the water outlet hole flows into a beaker through a guide pipe, and the beaker is placed on an electronic scale; the electronic scale and the water pressure sensor are connected with the data acquisition unit.
4. The system for testing the three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution of the rock mass according to claim 3, wherein the data processing device comprises a computer, the computer records and stores parameter information transmitted by the data acquisition unit, and calculates the flow rate of each water outlet and the pressure difference between the water outlet and the water inlet.
5. The system for testing seepage distribution of three-dimensional fracture network of rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the flow guide gasket is made of rubber material, n is2Dividing a three-dimensional fracture network test piece into n by each grid2A region where n is equal to or greater than 3.
6. A method for testing the seepage distribution of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock body by using the seepage distribution testing system of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a three-dimensional fracture network test piece, putting the test piece into a sealed test cavity, and installing a fixed water tank, a constant flow pump, a water inlet plate, a water outlet plate, a flow guide gasket, the sealed test cavity, a data acquisition device and a data processing device;
opening a constant flow pump to fill water and exhaust the pipeline of the test system;
setting the flow of the advection pump, enabling water flow to flow into the three-dimensional fracture network test piece through the water inlet hole, enabling the water flow to flow through each area of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece, enter each grid of the flow guide gasket, and flow into the beaker through the water outlet hole;
fourthly, the data acquisition device and the data processing device acquire and record the water pressure P at the water inletinAnd the water pressure P of each water outlet holeoutAnd the water yield t corresponding to each electronic scale;
step five, setting increment △ F, adjusting the flow rate of the advection pump to be sequentially set to Fn＝F1+ m ×△ F, wherein F1Taking m as a positive integer as an initial flow, repeating the steps of 3-4 to obtain different pressure differences △ PnAnd evaluating the seepage characteristics of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece by using a lower water outlet flow distribution diagram, a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the flow of each water outlet and a relation curve diagram of the pressure difference and the total flow.
7. The method for testing the seepage distribution of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 6, wherein the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured by field sampling or 3D printing, and is cuboid and matched with the sealed test cavity in size.
8. The method for testing the seepage distribution of the rock mass three-dimensional fracture network according to claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional fracture network test piece is manufactured by 3D printing, manufactured according to the fracture distribution of on-site rocks, or self-defined parameters of the position, the length, the opening degree, the inclination and the inclination angle of a fracture, the position of the central point of each fracture is set to be compliant with Poisson distribution, the length is compliant with power law distribution, the opening degree is compliant with truncated Gaussian distribution, and the inclination angle are compliant with Fisher function distribution.
9. The method for testing the seepage distribution of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass according to claim 7, wherein at least 1 communicated fracture exists between two corresponding side surfaces of the three-dimensional fracture network test piece along the water flow direction.
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| CN113340785A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-03 | 鲁东大学 | Multifunctional visual cylindrical surface crack penetration device and use method thereof |
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