CN113155697A - High-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials and use method - Google Patents
High-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113155697A CN113155697A CN202110340405.XA CN202110340405A CN113155697A CN 113155697 A CN113155697 A CN 113155697A CN 202110340405 A CN202110340405 A CN 202110340405A CN 113155697 A CN113155697 A CN 113155697A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 271
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests and discloses a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises a water inlet end cavity (1), a sample box body (2) and a water outlet end cavity (3), wherein the number of the sample box body (2) is one, two or more, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, and a water permeable plate (4) is arranged at the joint of the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3); when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction, a horizontal penetration test is carried out; when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests, and particularly relates to a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for a filling material and a using method thereof.
Background
Along with the wide application of the filling material in dam construction, the research on the penetration stability and the safety test of the primary-grade filling material is more and more intensive. The conventional infiltration test device has small size of an infiltration instrument (the inner diameter of the equipment is 200mm and 300 mm), and the problem that the inner diameter of the infiltration instrument is larger than the particle diameter d accounting for 85 percent of the sample grading85The requirement of 5 times is that only the equivalent grading curve can be adopted for reducing the size of the particles so as to meet the requirement that the particle size is less than 5 times, so that the generated reduction effect causes the difference with the actual situation, and the test result often cannot reflect the actual situation; the conventional permeameter has low strength and rigidity, so that the permeability test of the filling material under the action of a high water head cannot be carried out; moreover, the conventional permeameter adopts two different sets of test devices for the vertical permeability test and the horizontal permeability test, and the comparability of test results is poor; when the conventional permeameter is used for carrying out a permeation test, the measured test data is easy to distort due to the influence of the side wall streaming effect of the inner wall of the conventional permeameter. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a permeameter device capable of accurately testing the permeability of the coarse-grained soil with ultra-large grain size under the condition of high water head.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials and a using method thereof, and solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials comprises a water inlet end cavity, a sample box body and a water outlet end cavity, wherein the number of the sample box body is one, two or more, the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, and a water permeable plate is arranged at the joint of the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity; when the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction, a horizontal penetration test is carried out; and when the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is performed.
Preferably, the water inlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet, a horizontal penetration test water inlet, an exhaust pipe and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the vertical penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the exhaust pipe is vertically welded to the upper end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity.
Preferably, the left end face of the cavity structure of the water inlet steel plate surface is provided with a vertical penetration support, when the cavity of the water inlet end, the sample box body and the cavity of the water outlet end are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the cavity of the water inlet end is arranged at the lowest end, the cavity of the water outlet end is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
Preferably, the sample box body comprises a box body main body, a cover plate and a permeameter base, the lower end face of the box body main body is arranged on the permeameter base, the upper end face of the box body main body is fixedly connected with the cover plate, the sample box body is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body is 1-3 m, the cross section of the sample box body is 1m multiplied by 1m, pressure measuring holes are uniformly distributed on the front side face and the rear side face of the box body main body, and pressure measuring instruments are hermetically fixed at the pressure measuring holes.
Preferably, the box main part and the apron are the steel sheet, and the floor has all been welded to the box main part and the apron outside, the floor is the square arrangement of interval 10cm, and the intensity and the rigidity of floor satisfy under the effect of the experimental flood peak of 3.5MPa at the biggest, and every section sample box length 2m within range deformation value is less than 2 mm.
Preferably, both sides limit upper end border is provided with the outer border of box main part around the box main part, and the outer border of box main part is connected through first facing the full perforation of limit perforated bolt with the border of apron, the outer border of box main part and apron are close to the inboard corresponding position that first faces limit perforated bolt and are provided with the recess, are provided with first stagnant water rubber ring in the recess of two correspondences.
Preferably, the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body main body are respectively connected with a flange joint, the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate are connected with the flange joints through steel plate internal nut bolts, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate and the flange joints close to the steel plate internal nut bolts, and second water-stopping rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints of the two adjacent box bodies are connected through full perforation by second adjacent edge perforation bolts, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the two flange joints close to the inner sides of the second adjacent edge perforation bolts, third water stop rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of the flange joints is 35 mm; and the inner walls of the box body and the cover plate are coated with water-swellable material rubber putty with the coating thickness of 2 mm.
Preferably, the water outlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet, a horizontal penetration test water outlet, a sand discharge pipe and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the sand discharge pipe is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity.
Preferably, the porous plate is composed of an open pore steel plate and a water permeable rib plate welded outside the open pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plate is arranged in a square shape, the strength and rigidity of the water permeable rib plate meet the condition that the deformation value is less than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the action of a maximum test water head of 3.5MPa, the diameter of an open pore of the porous plate is 8mm, and the aperture ratio is 16-20%.
Preferably, the use method of the high pressure resistant permeameter device suitable for the filling material as any one of the above comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body according to the length of the sample;
step 2: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by adopting micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing a sample box body before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body; opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity, penetrate through the sample in the sample box body, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and step 3: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body, filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; and opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity, penetrate through the sample in the sample box body, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity to perform a vertical penetration test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials, which avoids the scale effect and can accurately reflect the actual situation, the device can reduce the influence of side wall circumfluence in a coarse-grained soil permeability test, so that the results of the permeability test are more accurate and reliable, one set of device can respectively realize a vertical permeability test and a horizontal permeability test, the comparability of the test results is good, and the cost is greatly saved;
(2) the size of the section of the sample box body is increased to 1m multiplied by 1m, so that the permeability characteristic test of the primary filling material with the maximum grain size of 300mm can be met;
(3) the permeameter device adopts the structural design that the steel plates are welded with the ribbed plates, the ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the permeameter device are improved, and a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5MPa can be carried out;
(4) the inner wall of the sample box body of the permeameter device is coated with the water-swellable material rubber putty, and when a sample is saturated, the material generates swelling deformation after encountering water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure, so that the sidewall seepage in the process of a permeation test is reduced, and the permeation test result is more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for use in a fill material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged right side cross-sectional view taken at section A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the invention at section B of FIG. 1.
Description of the reference numerals
1. The water-stop test device comprises a water inlet end cavity, a sample box body, a water outlet end cavity, a water permeable plate, a vertical penetration support, a pressure measuring hole, a rib plate, a first edge perforating bolt, a second edge perforating bolt, a first water-stop rubber ring, a flange joint, a steel plate inner screw cap bolt, a second water-stop rubber ring, a second edge perforating bolt, a third water-stop rubber ring, a second edge perforating bolt, a third water-stop rubber ring and a third water-stop rubber ring, wherein the water inlet end cavity is 2;
1-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water inlet, 1-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water inlet, 1-3 parts of an exhaust pipe, 1-4 parts of a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure;
2-1, a box body, 2-2, a cover plate, 2-3 and a permeameter base;
2-1-1, the outer edge of the box body main body;
3-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water outlet, 3-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water outlet, 3-3 parts of a sand discharge pipe, 3-4 parts of a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:
it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other elements shown in the specification are included for the purpose of understanding and reading only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and any modifications of the structures, changes in the proportions and adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.
In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a high pressure resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials, which comprises a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2 and a water outlet end cavity 3, wherein the number of the sample box body 2 is one, two or more, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, and a water permeable plate 4 is arranged at the joint of the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction, a horizontal penetration test is carried out; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out.
According to the invention, the spatial arrangement of the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 is adjusted, so that a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test can be carried out, and when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, the horizontal penetration test can be carried out; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test can be performed, two kinds of penetration tests can be completed by one set of device, and the test cost is greatly reduced.
The water inlet end cavity 1 is used for balancing water pressure, so that the water pressure of a pressed section of the water inlet end of the sample is stable and balanced; the sample box body 2 is used for filling a sample and can meet the penetration test of a coarse-grained soil sample with the maximum grain size of below 300 mm; the water outlet end cavity 3 is used for collecting the seepage water of the section of the sample and ensuring the free discharge of the water flow at the water outlet end of the sample; the effect of porous disk 4 is when guaranteeing that experimental water freely sees through the plate body, and porous disk 4 plays the support design effect to the sample.
Example 2
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the water inlet end cavity 1 is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1, a horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2, an exhaust pipe 1-3 and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 is vertically welded to the lower end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the exhaust pipe 1-3 is vertically welded to the upper end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4 is a square cavity.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 is used for water inflow in a vertical penetration test, and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 is used for water inflow in a horizontal penetration test.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 are used for connecting a water device for a pressurized test with a penetration instrument, and the exhaust pipe 1-3 is used for exhausting air in the water inlet end cavity 1 and pores when a sample is saturated.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a vertical penetration support 5 is arranged on the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity 1 is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity 3 is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support 5 is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
When carrying out the perpendicular penetration test, the perpendicular infiltration support 5 of the 1 left end face of end cavity of intaking contacts with unable adjustment base or ground, and 2 left end faces of end cavity of intaking is connected through the flange to the 1 right end face of end cavity of intaking, and 3 left end faces of end cavity are gone out through the flange to the 2 right end faces of sample box, and end cavity 1 of intaking is at the bottom, and arbitrary sample box 2 is in the centre, goes out end cavity 3 and is at the top.
Example 3
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the sample box body 2 includes a box body main body 2-1, a cover plate 2-2 and a permeameter base 2-3, a lower end surface of the box body main body 2-1 is disposed on the permeameter base 2-3, an upper end surface of the box body main body 2-1 is fixedly connected with the cover plate 2-2, the sample box body 2 is of a square structure, the length is 1-3 m, the cross section is 1m × 1m, pressure measuring holes 6 are uniformly distributed on front and rear side surfaces of the box body main body 2-1, and pressure measuring instruments are sealed and fixed at the pressure measuring holes 6.
The section of the sample box body 2 is square, and a cover plate 2-2 of the sample box body 2 can be opened and is connected with a box body main body 2-1 through bolts.
The box body 2-1 is used for filling a sample, and the cover plate 2-2 is used for sealing the filled sample. The length of the sample box body 2 is 1-3 m, and the cross section is 1m multiplied by 1m, so that the requirements of the corresponding particle size of the test on the length and the width of the sample are met, the preparation of a horizontal penetration test sample can be facilitated, and the test operation is convenient.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the box body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2 are both steel plates, rib plates 7 are welded on the outer sides of the box body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, the rib plates 7 are arranged in a square manner at intervals of 10cm, and the strength and rigidity of the rib plates 7 meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of the sample box body 2 is less than 2mm within the range of 2m of the length under the effect of a maximum test water head of 3.5 MPa.
The rib plate 7 is used for increasing the strength and rigidity of the whole permeameter box body and preventing the box body from generating serious displacement deformation under the action of high water pressure so as to influence the stability of a test sample and the test accuracy; the strength and rigidity of the ribbed plate 7 meet the requirement that under the action of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head, the deformation value of each section of the sample box body within 2m of the length is less than 2mm, under the premise of ensuring that the test requirement is met, the proper deformation value is allowed, the manufacturing cost of the permeameter is saved, and meanwhile, the allowed deformation value is in an acceptable state under the deformation compensation of the water-swelling material rubber putty coated on the inner wall.
The sample box body 2 is made of special steel, and ribbed plates are added on the surface of steel, so that the device can meet the requirement that the maximum grain size reaches 300mm coarse-grained soil to carry out a high-water-head penetration test, and the penetration test comprises a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test.
Example 4
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the upper end edges of the front and rear side edges of the box body 2-1 are provided with box body outer edges 2-1-1, the box body outer edges 2-1-1 are in full perforation connection with the edges of the cover plate 2-2 through first near-edge perforation bolts 8, the corresponding positions of the inner sides of the box body outer edges 2-1-1 and the cover plate 2-2 close to the first near-edge perforation bolts 8 are provided with grooves, and first water-stopping rubber rings 9 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves.
The first water stop rubber ring 9 is used for sealing a gap between the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, and the first water stop rubber ring 9, the first edge perforated bolt 8 and the cover plate 2-2 jointly act to seal a sample.
The cover plate 2-2 is connected with the outer edges 2-1-1 of the box body main bodies on the left side and the right side of the box body main body 2-1 through full through holes by adopting first adjacent edge through hole bolts 8, a first water stop rubber ring 9 is arranged between the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, and the first adjacent edge through hole bolts 8 are screwed and sealed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body 2-1 are respectively connected with a flange joint 10, the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate 2-2 are connected with the flange joint 10 through a steel plate nut bolt 11, and corresponding positions of the cover plate 2-2 and the flange joint 10 close to the inner side of the steel plate nut bolt 11 are provided with grooves, and two corresponding grooves are provided with second water stop rubber rings 12; the flange joints 10 of the two adjacent box bodies 2-1 are connected in a full-through manner through second adjacent edge through bolts 13, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the two flange joints 10 close to the second adjacent edge through bolts 13, third water stop rubber rings 14 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of the flange joints 10 is 35 mm; the inner walls of the box body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2 are coated with water-swelling material rubber putty with the coating thickness of 2 mm.
The thickness of flange joint 10 ensures the safety and stability of box under the high pressure effect, and the water-swellable material rubber putty of applying paint, it is used for preventing the boundary wall from flowing around to apply paint thickness 2mm, alleviates the boundary wall that sample and box steel sheet rigid contact and flows around, and the gap between sample and the box that the box warp and arouse is partly compensated simultaneously, if apply paint too thickly and influence the permeability characteristic of sample itself, can not effectively slow down the boundary wall and flow around by too thin.
The inner wall of the sample box body 2 is coated with the water-swelling material, so that the side wall streaming in the test process can be reduced by processing the inner wall of the box body, and the test precision is improved.
Example 5
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the water outlet end cavity 3 is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1, a horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2, a sand discharge pipe 3-3 and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1 is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, the horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2 is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, the sand discharge pipe 3-3 is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4 is a square cavity.
The vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1 is used for discharging water during a vertical penetration test, the horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2 is used for discharging water during a horizontal penetration test, and the sand discharge pipe 3-3 is used for discharging a sample penetrating into the water outlet end cavity 3.
Example 6
Preferably, the porous plate 4 is composed of an open pore steel plate and a water permeable rib plate welded outside the open pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plate is arranged in a square shape, the strength and rigidity of the water permeable rib plate meet the condition that the deformation value is less than 2mm within the length range of every 1m under the action of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head, the diameter of an open pore of the porous plate 4 is 8mm, and the aperture ratio is 16-20%.
The porous disk 4 is used for separating the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3, ensures that water can pass through and plays a supporting role.
4 trompil diameters 8mm of porous disk, the fine particle in the guarantee sample has sufficient passageway size to be taken over by rivers, can ensure the stability of sample simultaneously again, according to experimental experience in the past, is less than 8mm by the sample particle diameter of rivers transport basically, and the percent opening 16~20%, is guaranteeing the whole water permeability of porous disk, prevents that the percent opening undersize, influences getting rid of sample seepage water, and the trompil has too greatly reduced the intensity and the rigidity of steel sheet.
Example 7
Preferably, the use method of the high pressure resistant permeameter device suitable for the filling material as any one of the above comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body 2 according to the length of the sample;
step 2: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by adopting micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing the sample box body 2 before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body 2; opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity 1 to lift a test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity 1, penetrate through a sample in the sample box body 2, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity 3 to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and step 3: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body 2, filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; the water inlet of the water inlet end cavity 1 is opened to lift the test water head, water enters the water inlet end cavity 1, permeates the sample in the sample box body 2, and finally permeates into the water outlet end cavity 3 to perform a vertical penetration test.
Example 8
The device is adopted to carry out a horizontal permeability characteristic test on a bedding material and a filter material with the maximum grain size of the filling material being 200mm, wherein the length of the bedding material is 3.0m, the length of the filter material is 1.0m, and the maximum water head of the test is 200m, and the operation steps are as follows:
step 1: determining 2 sections of sample box bodies 2 according to the length of the sample;
step 2: according to the type of the horizontal penetration test, a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2 and a water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction, and a water inlet 1-1 of the vertical penetration test is sealed by a blocking plate;
coating water-swellable material rubber putty on the inner wall of the sample box body 2, wherein the coating thickness of the water-swellable material rubber putty is 2 mm;
filling a sample according to test requirements, firstly opening a cover plate 2-2, filling the sample into a box body main body 2-1, after filling is completed, opening an exhaust pipe 1-3 to perform water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after saturation, and screwing bolts of the cover plate 2-2 before initial setting of the concrete to tightly seal the cover plate 2-2 and the box body main body 2-1;
and opening a water inlet 1-2 of the horizontal penetration test to lift a test water head for carrying out the horizontal penetration test.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials, which comprises a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2 and a water outlet end cavity 3, wherein the three modules are assembled through flange connection, the section of the sample box body 2 is square, a cover plate 2-2 of the sample box body 2 can be opened and is connected with a box body main body 2-1 through a bolt, the cover plate 2-2 is opened for filling samples, the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2 are tightly sealed after filling is finished, a water-swelling material is coated on the inner wall of the sample box body 2, the side wall streaming in the test process can be reduced through the treatment of the inner wall of the box body, and the test precision is improved; the water inlet end cavity 1 consists of a vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1, a horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2, an exhaust pipe 1-3 and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the water outlet end cavity 3 consists of a vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1, a horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2, a sand discharge pipe 3-3 and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, each cavity module is made of special steel, and ribbed plates are added on the surface of steel. When the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are connected in sequence in the horizontal direction, a horizontal penetration test can be carried out; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are adjusted to be sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test can be performed.
The invention provides a high-pressure-resistant permeameter device suitable for filling materials, which avoids the scale effect and can accurately reflect the actual situation.
The invention can satisfy the penetration characteristic test of the primary filling material with the maximum grain diameter of 300mm because the section size of the sample box body is increased and is 1m multiplied by 1 m.
The permeameter device adopts the structural design of welding ribbed plates on the steel plate, is arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, improves the strength and rigidity of the permeameter device, and can carry out a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5 MPa.
The inner wall of the sample box body of the permeameter device is coated with the water-swellable material rubber putty, and when a sample is saturated, the material generates swelling deformation after encountering water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure, so that the sidewall seepage in the process of a permeation test is reduced, and the permeation test result is more accurate and reliable.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be applicable to resistant high pressure permeameter device of filling material which characterized in that: the water-permeable test tube comprises a water inlet end cavity (1), a sample box body (2) and a water outlet end cavity (3), wherein the number of the sample box body (2) is one, two or more, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, and a water permeable plate (4) is arranged at the joint of the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3); when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction, a horizontal penetration test is carried out; when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the water inlet end cavity (1) is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet (1-1), a horizontal penetration test water inlet (1-2), an exhaust pipe (1-3) and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water inlet (1-1) is vertically welded on the lower side of the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), the horizontal penetration test water inlet (1-2) is vertically welded on the lower end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), the exhaust pipe (1-3) is vertically welded on the upper end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4) is a square cavity.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the left end face of the water inlet steel plate face cavity structure (1-4) is provided with a vertical penetration support (5), when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity (1) is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity (3) is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support (5) is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the sample box body (2) comprises a box body main body (2-1), a cover plate (2-2) and a permeameter base (2-3), the lower end face of the box body main body (2-1) is arranged on the permeameter base (2-3), the upper end face of the box body main body (2-1) is fixedly connected with the cover plate (2-2), the sample box body (2) is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body is 1-3 m, the cross section of the sample box body is 1m multiplied by 1m, pressure measuring holes (6) are uniformly distributed on the front side face and the rear side face of the box body main body (2-1), and pressure measuring instruments are fixed at the positions of the pressure measuring holes (6) in a sealing mode.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the box body (2-1) and the cover plate (2-2) are steel plates, rib plates (7) are welded on the outer sides of the box body (2-1) and the cover plate (2-2), the rib plates (7) are arranged in a 10cm square mode, the strength and the rigidity of the rib plates (7) meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of the sample box body (2) within the length 2m range is smaller than 2mm under the effect of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head.
6. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the upper end edges of the front side edge and the rear side edge of the box body (2-1) are provided with box body outer edges (2-1-1), the box body outer edges (2-1-1) are in full-perforation connection with the edges of the cover plates (2-2) through first edge perforation bolts (8), grooves are formed in the corresponding positions of the inner sides, close to the first edge perforation bolts (8), of the box body outer edges (2-1-1) and the cover plates (2-2), and first water stop rubber rings (9) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves.
7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body main body (2-1) are respectively connected with a flange joint (10), the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate (2-2) are connected with the flange joint (10) through steel plate internal nut bolts (11), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate (2-2) and the flange joint (10) close to the steel plate internal nut bolts (11), and second water stop rubber rings (12) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints (10) of the two adjacent box bodies (2-1) are connected through full holes through second adjacent edge perforated bolts (13), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides, close to the second adjacent edge perforated bolts (13), of the two flange joints (10), third water stop rubber rings (14) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of each flange joint (10) is 35 mm; the inner walls of the box body (2-1) and the cover plate (2-2) are coated with water-swelling material rubber putty with the coating thickness of 2 mm.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the water outlet end cavity (3) is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet (3-1), a horizontal penetration test water outlet (3-2), a sand discharge pipe (3-3) and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet (3-1) is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), the horizontal penetration test water outlet (3-2) is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), the sand discharge pipe (3-3) is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4) is a square cavity.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to be used as a high pressure permeameter for filling materials, and comprises: the water permeable plate (4) is composed of an open pore steel plate and a water permeable rib plate welded outside the open pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plate is arranged in a square mode, the strength and rigidity of the water permeable rib plate meet the condition that the deformation value is smaller than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the effect of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head, the diameter of an open pore of the water permeable plate (4) is 8mm, and the aperture ratio is 16-20%.
10. A method of using a pressure tolerant permeameter device according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body (2) according to the length of the sample;
step 2: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing the sample box body (2) before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body (2); opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity (1) to lift a test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity (1), penetrate through a sample in the sample box body (2), and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity (3) to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and step 3: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body (2), filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; and opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity (1) to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity (1), penetrate through the sample in the sample box body (2), and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity (3) to perform a vertical penetration test.
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