CN103926183A - Testing method and device for water passing amount under normal pressure - Google Patents
Testing method and device for water passing amount under normal pressure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing method and a testing device for water passing amount under the normal pressure. The device comprises a testing container filled with water; a tested material is horizontally arranged in the middle of the testing container; the upper surface and the lower surface of the testing material are compressed by an upper disc and a lower disc; the upper disc has water penetrating holes which are uniformly formed; a water passing hole is formed in the middle of the lower disc; the edges of the upper disc and the lower disc are sealed; the upper part of the upper disc is communicated with a water source with the stable pressure; the lower part of the lower disc is communicated with a water discharging device with a function of measuring the water discharging amount; the upper disc is connected with a normal pressure applying system; the normal pressure applying system can apply the normal pressure onto the upper disc according to testing parameters. By using the device, the permeability characteristic testing of soil bodies and geotextile materials under the normal pressure is implemented; actual working states of the soil bodies and reverse filter materials in back of projects such as barricades and tunnel linings can be relatively truly simulated; reasonable testing parameters can be provided for the actual project designs, and the device and the method have the good popularization and application prospect and economic technology benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil test field, refer to particularly water-flowing amount test method and test unit under a kind of normal pressure.
Background technology
For ground retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering etc., if the underground water in Rock And Soil around getting rid of not in time can cause retaining structure, tunnel lining structure etc. to bear more quiet, flowing pressure, cause structure that even unstable failure occurs to be out of shape accordingly.For the underground water in Rock And Soil around getting rid of, and avoid the fine grained in the soil body to run off with current, all need to arrange rationally effectively loaded filter.The Penetration Signature that loaded filter is good is to guarantee retaining engineering, the important prerequisite that Tunnel Engineering long-term safety is stable.
Retaining structure loaded filter generally adopts sandy gravel, the forms such as earth working material, at present, Penetration Signature for retaining structure loaded filter can adopt infiltration coefficient or water-flowing amount to evaluate, as: the test method of having listed infiltration coefficient in < < water power hydraulic engineering earthwork test rule (DL/T5355-2006) > >, < < road soil geosynthetics testing regulations (JTG E50-2006) > >, in < < marine traffic engineering plastic draining board application technology rules (JTS206-1-2009) > >, listed the test method of water-flowing amount.But the Penetration Signature of directly applying these method evaluation retaining engineerings, Tunnel Engineering loaded filter has the following disadvantages: 1. for the loaded filter of retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering, difference due to setting position, bear different normal pressures, the larger material of pressure is less by compacted volume of voids, Penetration Signature also can decrease, but method in above-mentioned standard all cannot evaluation assessment to material Penetration Signature under stress state.2. for the loaded filter of retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering, need underground water be got rid of by weep hole, supply region is far longer than the sectional area of weep hole, and the method in above-mentioned standard all cannot be simulated this seepage state.Therefore for testing, be mainly subject to the water-flowing amount of earth working material under normal pressure effect also unreasonable, inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of for determining water-flowing amount test method and the test unit under the normal pressure of rock soil medium or engineering earth working material and the relevant Penetration Signature of stress state.
For achieving the above object, the water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure of the present invention, its special character is, comprises the steps:
Step 1: test material is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber, the upper and lower surface of using upper dish and the middle lower wall that is provided with a limbers with a plurality of permeable holes that evenly gather to be pressed on respectively described test material, the described permeable hole total area is 5～30 times of limbers area, will between described upper dish and the edge of lower wall and the inwall of test chamber, seal;
Step 2: apply stable intake pressure p1(kPa to described upper dish top test chamber water filling Xiang Shuizhong);
Step 3: apply stable normal force F(kN towards test material surface according to test parameters panel surface on described);
Step 4: the water discharge that regulates described lower wall below test chamber, make water discharge be not more than inflow, to guarantee being full of water in the test chamber of described lower wall below, treat discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain test duration t, record the water discharge Q(cm that flow out lower wall below
3) and lower wall below test chamber in discharge pressure p2(kPa);
Step 5: change normal force F(kN), repeating step 2, obtains measurement data water discharge Q(cm repeatedly
3) and discharge pressure p2(kPa);
Step 6: the equivalent water-flowing amount q(cm that calculates described test material (3) according to measurement data
3/ s), computing formula is as follows:
Wherein: Q is water discharge (cm
3), D is the thickness (m) of described test material (3), γ
wsevere (kN/m for water
3), p1-p2 is poor (kPa) of intake pressure and discharge pressure, t is test period (s).
Preferably, described intake pressure p1 is 1～500(kPa).Intake pressure p1 is consistent with the water pressure in test material engineering-environment of living in, for the actual working state of preferably simulation and reflection material, p1(kPa under general condition) value is about 1～500(kPa).
Preferably, described water discharge Q(cm
3) measurement data by the drainage arrangement being communicated with the test chamber of lower wall below, obtain; Discharge pressure p2(kPa in described lower wall lower reservoir) by being arranged on the discharge pressure table in the test chamber of lower wall below.
A kind of test unit for the water-flowing amount test method under above-mentioned normal pressure, special character is, comprise water-filled test chamber, test material is placed horizontally at the middle part of described test chamber, middle part is provided with for compressing upper dish and the lower wall of test material, described upper dish is porous disk-like structure, on it, be uniformly distributed permeable hole, described lower wall is disk-like structure, centre is provided with limbers, the described permeable hole total area is 5～30 times of limbers area, described upper dish and the edge of lower wall and the inner wall sealing of test chamber, the top of described upper dish is communicated with the water source with steady pressure, described lower wall is relative with test chamber fixing, the drainage arrangement with measurement water discharge function is communicated with the test chamber of described lower wall below, described upper dish is connected with normal pressure application system, described normal pressure application system upwards coils and applies normal pressure according to test parameters.
Further, the aperture of described permeable hole is 1/25～1/10 times of upper dish diameter, the spacing between described permeable hole is aperture value 1.2～2 times.
Further, the aperture of described limbers is 1/8～1/3 times of upper dish diameter.For making simulated environment consistent with Practical Project environment, make test findings more accurate, 5～30 times of the area that the total area of permeable hole is limbers.
Further, described test chamber comprises intake antrum and two cavitys of drain chamber, the bottom of described intake antrum is uncovered, the top of described drain chamber is uncovered, and described upper dish is positioned at the bottom of intake antrum, and described intake antrum upper portion side wall is provided with water inlet, described water inlet is communicated with the water source with steady pressure by the first controlled valve, described lower wall is positioned at the top of drain chamber, and the lower sides of described drain chamber is provided with freeing port, and described freeing port is communicated with drainage arrangement by second switch valve.Test chamber is set to intake antrum and two cavitys of drain chamber, by upper dish and lower wall, test material is fixed in the middle of two cavitys, is convenient for changing test material; The first controlled valve and second switch valve are arranged at respectively water inlet and freeing port place, for beginning and the end of Control experiment.
Further, described normal pressure application system comprises pressure applying means and application of force drive link, the lower end of described application of force drive link is rigidly connected with upper dish, upper end is stretched out with pressure applying means and is connected from the through hole at intake antrum top, the normal pressure that described pressure applying means applies acts on test material by application of force drive link and upper dish, is provided with the air-tight movable cover for sealing between described through hole and application of force drive link.Described pressure applying means, can, for forms such as lifting jack, oil pump, levers, should guarantee the stability of exerting pressure.Pressure applying means is transmitted to upper dish by application of force drive link by pressure, and finally puts on test material.Air-tight movable cover, can adopt the form of rubber washer; Can supply the lubricated slip of application of force drive link, and the water body having in enough sealing functions, assurance intake antrum can be from this gap leakage.
Further, described drain chamber bottom is provided with base, between described lower wall and base, is provided with support bar.Base and drain chamber link together, and have good sealing, and itself and support bar link together, and bear the normal pressure applying in process of the test, should have enough intensity.Post upper is connected with lower wall, lower end is connected with base; A support bar can be set in the center of test chamber, also can be symmetrical arranged many support bars.
Further, described upper dish and lower wall and between test material, be provided with respectively water permeability padded coaming.Water permeability padded coaming can adopt nonwoven fabrics form, also can adopt nonwoven fabrics+medium coarse sand+nonwoven fabrics form, and its infiltration coefficient should be not less than 3～5 times of the infiltration coefficients of the test soil body.
Further, the open-mouth of described intake antrum and drain chamber seals by sealing and connecting device.Sealing and connecting device can be made for materials such as rubber rings, and intake antrum, drain chamber are closely linked together, and should have good sealing, must not leak.
Further, the described water source with steady pressure is realized by water pump, is respectively arranged with for measuring inlet gage and the discharge pressure table of hydraulic pressure in described intake antrum and drain chamber, and described freeing port is provided with for measuring the flowmeter of water discharge.Water pump can provide the stable water yield under constant pressure, thereby can be used for providing stable higher water pressure for test.Tensimeter is arranged at respectively water inlet, freeing port position, for the water pressure of both sides water inlet, freeing port both sides.Flowmeter is in order to measure seepage flow in the process of the test water yield out.
Further, the described water source with steady pressure is realized by being placed on the feed-water vessel of test chamber top, and described drainage arrangement is for oozing draining measuring equipment.Feed-water vessel should have the function of the height of water level that keeps constant, thereby can be used for providing stable water pressure for test.Ooze draining measuring equipment in order to measure seepage flow in the process of the test water yield out.
The design concept of this invention is: test material is placed in the test chamber with stable hydraulic pressure, be provided with the upper dish of permeable hole and with the lower wall of limbers, realize the simulation in space in field engineering, by pressure applying means, to test material, apply certain normal force F(kN), and the normal pressure P(kPa that test material bears)=F/Aq can calculate, wherein Aq(m
2) be the entire area of upper dish, the equivalent water-flowing amount q(cm of test material
3/ s) can calculate by following computing formula:
Wherein, the thickness of D test material (m), test period t can record, and the pressure differential p1-p2 of water inlet and freeing port obtains by tensimeter, and water discharge Q obtains by flowmeter, γ
wfor the severe of water is that constant value is generally got 10(kN/m
3).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: test unit is simple in structure, test method thinking is novel, operating process is simple, test for the soil body and the water-flowing amount of earth working material under normal pressure, simulate comparatively truly the Penetration Signature of the engineering behind soil bodys such as barricade, tunnel-liner and filtration material actual working state, test principle more meets engineering reality, thereby can provide more rational test parameters for actual engineering design, optimal design, has good economic technology benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of upper dish in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lower wall in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
In figure: 1. test chamber, 1.1 intake antrum, 1.2 drain chamber, 1.3 water inlet, 1.4 freeing port, 1.5 sealing and connecting device, 1.6 base, 1.7 air-tight movable covers, 1.8 through hole, 1.9 first controlled valves, 1.10 second switch valve, 2. normal pressure application system, 2.1 pressure applying means, 2.2 application of force drive links, 2.3 support bar, 3. test material, 4. with the water source of pressure, 4.1 feed-water vessel, 4.2 water pump, 4.3 water pipe, 5. dish on, 5.1 permeable hole, 6. lower wall, 6.1 limbers, 7. water permeability padded coaming, 8. drainage arrangement, 8.1 flowmeter, 8.2 ooze draining measuring equipment, 9. inlet gage, 10. discharge pressure table.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 1: test material 3 is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber 1, the upper and lower surface of using upper dish 5 and the middle lower wall 6 that is provided with a limbers 6.1 with a plurality of permeable holes 7 that evenly gather to be pressed on respectively test material 3, permeable hole 7 total areas are 5～30 times of limbers 6.1 areas, will between the edge of upper dish 5 and lower wall 6 and the inwall of test chamber 1, seal;
Step 2: upwards coil 5 top test chamber 1 water fillings Xiang Shuizhong and apply stable intake pressure p1(kPa);
Step 3: apply stable normal force F(kN on upper dish 5 surfaces towards test material 3 surfaces according to test parameters);
Step 4: the water discharge that regulates lower wall 6 below test chambers 1, make water discharge be not more than inflow, to guarantee being full of water in the test chamber 1 of lower wall 6 belows, treat discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain test duration t, record the water discharge Q(cm that flow out lower wall 6 belows
3) and lower wall 6 below test chambers 1 in discharge pressure p2(kPa);
Step 5: change normal force F(kN), repeating step 2, obtains measurement data water discharge Q(cm repeatedly
3) and discharge pressure p2(kPa);
Step 6: the equivalent water-flowing amount q(cm that calculates test material 3 according to measurement data
3/ s), computing formula is as follows:
Wherein: Q is water discharge (cm
3), D is the thickness (m) of described test material 3, γ
wsevere (kN/m for water
3), p1-p2 is poor (kPa) of intake pressure and discharge pressure, t is test period (s).
As shown in Figure 1 to 4, for a test unit for above-mentioned test method, comprise and the test chamber of experimental enviroment 1, normal pressure applying device 2, the water source 4 with steady pressure, upper dish 5, lower wall 6 are provided and there is the drainage arrangement 8 of measuring water discharge function.
Test chamber 1 should be chosen the material of the pressure that is enough to bear test, as the materials such as metal material, high-strength rigid plastic, high-strength glass are made, and has enough safety coefficient deposits.Test chamber 1 comprises intake antrum 1.1 and 1.2 two cavitys of drain chamber, and the bottom of intake antrum 1.1 is uncovered, and upper dish 5 is positioned at the bottom of intake antrum 1.1, and the top of drain chamber 1.2 is uncovered, and lower wall 6 is positioned at the top of drain chamber 1.2.1.2 two cavitys of intake antrum 1.1 and drain chamber generally adopt circular configuration, can be all or the local transparent material that adopts, so that the observation of process of the test.Intake antrum 1.1 upper portion side wall are provided with water inlet 1.3, and water inlet 1.3 is generally tubular, by the first controlled valve 1.9, are connected with water source 4 sealings with steady pressure.The lower sides of drain chamber 1.2 is provided with freeing port 1.4, and freeing port 1.4 is generally tubular, and freeing port 1.4 is connected with drainage arrangement 8 sealings by second switch valve 1.10.The first controlled valve 1.9 and second switch valve 1.10 should have the function of regulating pondage size.The material of water inlet 1.3, freeing port 1.4 general and intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 are consistent.The open-mouth of intake antrum 1.1 and drain chamber 1.2 seals by sealing and connecting device 1.5.Sealing and connecting device 1.5 can be made for materials such as rubber rings, and intake antrum, drain chamber are closely linked together, and should have good sealing, must not leak.Drain chamber 1.2 bottoms are provided with base 1.6, and base 1.6 links together with drain chamber 1.2, and has good sealing.The top of intake antrum 1.1 is provided with the through hole 1.8 passing through for application of force drive link 2.2, and the air-tight movable being provided with between through hole 1.8 and application of force drive link 2.2 for sealing overlaps 1.7, and air-tight movable cover can adopt the form of rubber washer; Can supply the lubricated slip of application of force drive link 2.2, and the water body having in enough sealing functions, assurance intake antrum can be from this gap leakage.The inside of intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 should be arranged at the location mark of dish 5, lower wall 6 correspondences, as upper dish 5, fin corresponding to lower wall 6 outer rim groove of setting as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, so that the aligned in position of upper dish 5, lower wall 6 and intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 in process of the test.
Normal pressure application system 2 comprises pressure applying means 2.1, application of force drive link 2.2 and support bar 2.3, the lower end of application of force drive link 2.2 is rigidly connected with upper dish 5, upper end is stretched out with pressure applying means 2.1 and is connected from the through hole 1.8 at intake antrum 1.1 tops, and the normal pressure that pressure applying means 2.1 applies according to test parameters acts on test material 3 by application of force drive link 2.2 and upper dish 5.Pressure applying means 2.1, can, for forms such as lifting jack, oil pump, levers, should guarantee the stability of exerting pressure.Between lower wall 6 and base 1.6, be provided with support bar 2.3.Support bar 2.3 upper ends are connected with lower wall 6, lower end is connected with base 1.6; A support bar 2.3 can be set in the center of test chamber 1, also can be symmetrical arranged several support bars 2.3.
As shown in Figure 3, upper dish 5 adopts porous disk-like structure, and permeable hole 5.1 is evenly distributed on dish 5.The aperture of permeable hole 7 is preferably 1/25～1/10 times of dish diameter, the spacing between permeable hole 7 is aperture value 1.2～2 times.The total area of permeable hole 5.1 be lower wall 6 limbers 6.1 areas 5～30.Upper dish 5 outer rims arrange groove or other location mark, to guarantee the aligned in position with intake antrum 1.1.
As shown in Figure 4, lower wall 6 is identical with upper dish 5 shapes, and the centre of lower wall 6 is provided with limbers 6.1.The aperture of limbers 6.1 is 1/8～1/3 times of upper dish 5 diameters.Lower wall 6 outer rims arrange groove or other location mark, to guarantee the aligned in position with drain chamber 1.2.
The position contacting with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 at test material 3 peripheries, adopts cohesive soil, fluid sealant or other watertightness material tight-closed.Test material 3 can be the soil body, can be also geosynthetics.When test material 3 is the soil body, on test material 3, bottom surface need arrange water permeability padded coaming 7, then it is together placed between upper dish 5, lower wall 6 and is tested.When test material 3 is geosynthetics, can directly be placed between dish 5, lower wall 6 and test, water permeability padded coaming 7 is no longer set.Water permeability padded coaming 7, can adopt nonwoven fabrics form, also can adopt nonwoven fabrics+medium coarse sand+nonwoven fabrics form, and its infiltration coefficient should be not less than 3～5 times of the infiltration coefficients of the test soil body.
With the water source 4 of steady pressure, there is the drainage arrangement 8 of measuring water discharge function and can realize by the larger water pressure of simulation and two kinds of embodiments of less water pressure.
The first embodiment: as shown in Figure 1, during the larger water pressure of simulation, realize by water pump 4.2 with the water source 4 of steady pressure, water pump 4.2 can provide the stable water yield under constant pressure, thus can be used for providing stable higher water pressure for test.The drainage arrangement 8 with measurement water discharge function is realized by flowmeter 8.1 is set.The water inlet 1.3 of test chamber 1 intake antrum 1.1 is communicated with the first controlled valve 1.9 by water pipe 4.3, and the first controlled valve 1.9 is communicated with water pump 4.2.The freeing port 1.4 of test chamber 1 drain chamber 1.2 is communicated with second switch valve 1.10 by water pipe 4.3, in the water pipe 4.3 in second switch valve 1.10 exits, is provided with flowmeter 8.1.In the test chamber 1 of upper dish 5 tops, be provided with inlet gage 11, in the test chamber 1 of lower wall 6 belows, be provided with discharge pressure table 10, be respectively used to measure the water pressure of water inlet and draining.
The second embodiment: as shown in Figure 2, during the less water pressure of simulation, realize by being placed on the feed-water vessel 4.1 of test chamber 1 top with the water source 4 of steady pressure.Feed-water vessel 4.1 is communicated with the first controlled valve 1.9, and the first controlled valve 1.9 is communicated with intake antrum 1.1 by water pipe 4.3, and feed-water vessel 4.1 should have the function of the height of water level that keeps constant, thereby can be used for providing stable water pressure for test.The drainage arrangement 8 with measurement water discharge function is realized by oozing draining measuring equipment 8.2, ooze draining measuring equipment 8.2 and be arranged at freeing port 1.4 positions of drain chamber 1.2, ooze draining measuring equipment 8.2 and be communicated with drain chamber 1.2 by second switch valve 1.10, ooze draining measuring equipment 8.2 in order to measure seepage flow in the process of the test water yield out.
Concrete test method can be divided into the larger water pressure of simulation and two kinds of embodiments of less water pressure are realized.
The first embodiment: during the larger water pressure of simulation, test method comprises the steps:
1, test is prepared: test material 3 is processed into and upper dish 5, size that lower wall 6 is identical.Water permeability padded coaming 5 is placed on to the upper bottom surface of test material 3, closes the second switch valve 1.10 being connected with freeing port 1.4, allow the water that is full of in drain chamber 1.2.The combination of test material 3 and water permeability padded coaming 5 is positioned between upper dish 5, lower wall 6, and the position that test material 3 is contacted with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 with the combination periphery of water permeability padded coaming 5 adopts cohesive soil, fluid sealant or other watertightness material tight-closed.Sealing and connecting device between intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 1.5 is connected closely.The water pipe 4.3 that installation is connected with water inlet 1.3, tensimeter 8.1, the first controlled valve 1.9 and water pump 4.2, setting pressure bringing device 2.1.Open the first controlled valve 1.9 being connected with water inlet 1.3, allow water be full of intake antrum 1.1, and keep the water level in feed-water vessel 4.1 invariable.By pressure applying means 2.1, apply normal force F(kN), and keep invariable.
2, test: after the abundant immersion of material 3 to be tested is saturated, open water pump 4.2 and start to carry the current that have pressure, by the first controlled valve 1.9, regulate the size of water pressure, after the pressure of current and tensimeter 8.1 keeps stablizing, record reading p1, the p2(kPa of water inlet 1.3,1.4 two tensimeters 8.2 of freeing port), and start writing time the initial reading Q1(cm of synchronous recording flowmeter 8.1
3), to test period T(s), the final reading Q2(cm of recording flowmeter 8.1
3), then switch off the pump the 4.2 and first controlled valve 1.9 and second switch valve 1.10, complete single test.
Change normal force F, repeatedly repeat 1,2 steps, can obtain the Penetration Signature index under different normal pressure conditions.The normal pressure P(kPa that test material bears)=F/Aq, wherein Aq(m
2) be the entire area of upper dish 5, upper dish 5 is identical with the area of lower wall 6.
3, data analysis: the equivalent water-flowing amount q(cm of test material 3
3/ s) can calculate according to following formula:
In formula: γ
wsevere (kN/m3) for water.All the other symbols are the same.Wherein, the thickness that D is test material (m), test period t can record, the difference p1-p2(kPa of intake pressure and discharge pressure) by inlet gage 11 and discharge pressure table 10, obtain, water discharge Q obtains by the reading Q2-Q1 of flowmeter 8.1, γ
wfor the severe of water is that constant value is generally got 10(kN/m
3).
The second embodiment: during the less water pressure of simulation, test method comprises the steps:
1, test is prepared: test material 3 is processed into and upper dish 5, size that lower wall 6 is identical.Water permeability padded coaming 5 is placed on to the upper bottom surface of test material 3, closes the second switch valve 1.10 being connected with freeing port 1.4, allow the water that is full of in drain chamber 1.2.The combination of test material 3 and water permeability padded coaming 7 is positioned between upper dish 5, lower wall 6, and the position that test material 3 is contacted with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 with the combination periphery of water permeability padded coaming 7 adopts cohesive soil, fluid sealant or other watertightness material tight-closed.Sealing and connecting device between intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 1.5 is connected closely.Water pipe 4.3, the first controlled valve 1.9 and feed-water vessel 4.1 that installation is connected with water inlet 1.3, setting pressure bringing device 2.1.Open the first controlled valve 1.9 being connected with water inlet 1.3, allow water be full of intake antrum 1.1, and keep the water level in feed-water vessel 4.1 invariable.By pressure applying means 2.1, apply normal force F(kN), and keep invariable.
2, test: the discrepancy in elevation H(m that records feed-water vessel 4.1 and water delivering orifice 1.4), and in process of the test, keep the water level in feed-water vessel 4.1 invariable.After the abundant immersion of material 3 to be tested is saturated, first opens the first controlled valve 1.9, then open second switch valve 1.10.After waterflow stabilization, start writing time, and the synchronous water that oozes 8.2 reception freeing port 1.4 outflows of draining measuring equipment that adopts, to test period T(s), close second switch valve 1.10, and record oozes the water yield Q(cm in draining measuring equipment 8.2
3), complete single test.
The size that changes normal force F, repeatedly repeats 1,2 steps, can obtain the Penetration Signature index under different normal pressure conditions.The normal pressure P(kPa that test material 3 bears)=F/Aq, wherein Aq(m
2) be the entire area of upper dish 5, upper dish 5 is identical with the area of lower wall 6.
3, data analysis: the equivalent water-flowing amount (cm of test material 3
3/ s) can calculate according to following formula:
In formula: the thickness that D is test material (m), all the other symbols as previously mentioned.Wherein, the discrepancy in elevation H(m of the thickness of D test material (m), feed-water vessel 4.1 and water delivering orifice 1.4), test period t can record, water discharge Q obtains by oozing draining measuring equipment 8.2.
Under the discrepancy in elevation (the head discrepancy in elevation) the H=0.2m condition of constant feed-water vessel 4.1 and water delivering orifice 1.4, three kinds of test materials, 3 I types, II type, III type are carried out to water-flowing amount performance test, test findings is as shown in the table, the bright normal pressure of test card has caused the reduction of test material 3 Penetration Signatures, for different materials, the reduction degree of water-flowing amount is different.
Loaded filter equivalence water-flowing amount table with test results under the different normal pressures of table 1
Claims (13)
1. the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: test material (3) is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber (1), use the upper and lower surface that is pressed on respectively described test material (3) with the upper dish (5) of a plurality of permeable holes (7) that evenly gather and lower wall (6) that centre is provided with a limbers (6.1), described permeable hole (7) total area is 5～30 times of limbers (6.1) area, will between the edge of described upper dish (5) and lower wall (6) and the inwall of test chamber (1), seal;
Step 2: apply stable intake pressure p1(kPa to described upper dish (5) top test chamber (1) water filling Xiang Shuizhong);
Step 3: apply stable normal force F(kN towards test material (3) surface according to test parameters dish (5) surface on described);
Step 4: the water discharge that regulates described lower wall (6) below test chamber (1), make water discharge be not more than inflow, to guarantee being full of water in the test chamber (1) of described lower wall (6) below, treat discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain test duration t, record the water discharge Q(cm that flow out lower wall (6) below
3) and the interior discharge pressure p2(kPa of lower wall (6) below test chamber (1));
Step 5: change normal force F(kN), repeating step 2, obtains measurement data water discharge Q(cm repeatedly
3) and discharge pressure p2(kPa);
Step 6: the equivalent water-flowing amount q(cm that calculates described test material (3) according to measurement data
3/ s), computing formula is as follows:
Wherein: Q is water discharge (cm
3), D is the thickness (m) of described test material (3), γ
wsevere (kN/m for water
3), p1-p2 is poor (kPa) of intake pressure and discharge pressure, t is test period (s).
2. the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described intake pressure p1 is 1～500(kPa).
3. the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water discharge Q(cm
3) measurement data by the drainage arrangement (8) being communicated with the test chamber (1) of lower wall (6) below, obtain; Discharge pressure p2(kPa in described lower wall (6) lower reservoir) by being arranged on the discharge pressure table (10) in lower wall (6) below test chamber (1).
4. the test unit for the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise water-filled test chamber (1), test material (3) is placed horizontally at the middle part of described test chamber (1), middle part is provided with for compressing upper dish (5) and the lower wall (6) of test material (3), described upper dish (5) is porous disk-like structure, on it, be uniformly distributed permeable hole (5.1), described lower wall (6) is disk-like structure, centre is provided with limbers (6.1), described permeable hole (7) total area is 5～30 times of limbers (6.1) area, the inner wall sealing of the edge of described upper dish (5) and lower wall (6) and test chamber (1), the top of described upper dish (5) is communicated with the water source (4) with steady pressure, described lower wall (6) is relative fixing with test chamber (1), the drainage arrangement (8) with measurement water discharge function is communicated with the test chamber (1) of described lower wall (6) below, described upper dish (5) is connected with normal pressure application system (2), described normal pressure application system (2) upwards coils (5) according to test parameters and applies normal pressure.
5. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the aperture of described permeable hole (7) is 1/25～1/10 times of upper dish (5) diameter, the spacing between described permeable hole (7) is aperture value 1.2～2 times.
6. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the aperture of described limbers (6.1) is 1/8～1/3 times of upper dish (5) diameter.
7. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described test chamber (1) comprises intake antrum (1.1) and (1.2) two cavitys of drain chamber, the bottom of described intake antrum (1.1) is uncovered, the top of described drain chamber (1.2) is uncovered, described upper dish (5) is positioned at the bottom of intake antrum (1.1), described intake antrum (1.1) upper portion side wall is provided with water inlet (1.3), described water inlet (1.3) is communicated with the water source (4) with steady pressure by the first controlled valve (1.9), described lower wall (6) is positioned at the top of drain chamber (1.2), the lower sides of described drain chamber (1.2) is provided with freeing port (1.4), described freeing port (1.4) is communicated with drainage arrangement (8) by second switch valve (1.10).
8. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described normal pressure application system (2) comprises pressure applying means (2.1) and application of force drive link (2.2), the lower end of described application of force drive link (2.2) and upper dish (5) are rigidly connected, upper end is stretched out with pressure applying means (2.1) and is connected from the through hole (1.8) at intake antrum (1.1) top, the normal pressure that described pressure applying means (2.1) applies acts on test material (3) by application of force drive link (2.2) and upper dish (5), between described through hole (1.8) and application of force drive link (2.2), be provided with the air-tight movable cover (1.7) for sealing.
9. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described drain chamber (1.2) bottom is provided with base (1.6), between described lower wall (6) and base (1.6), is provided with support bar (2.3).
10. the water-flowing amount test unit under normal pressure according to claim 7, is characterized in that: between described upper dish (5) and lower wall (6) and difference test material (3), be provided with water permeability padded coaming (7).
Water-flowing amount test unit under 11. normal pressures according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the open-mouth of described intake antrum (1.1) and drain chamber (1.2) is by sealing and connecting device (1.5) sealing.
12. according to the water-flowing amount test unit under the normal pressure described in claim 4～11, it is characterized in that: realize by water pump (4.2) the described water source with steady pressure (4), in described intake antrum (1.1) and drain chamber (1.2), be respectively arranged with inlet gage (9) and discharge pressure table (10) for measuring hydraulic pressure, described freeing port (1.4) is provided with the flowmeter (8.1) for measuring water discharge
13. according to the water-flowing amount test unit under the normal pressure described in claim 4～11, it is characterized in that: realize by being placed on the feed-water vessel (4.1) of test chamber (1) top the described water source with steady pressure (4), and described drainage arrangement (8) is for oozing draining measuring equipment (8.2).
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| CN104297132A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-21 | 李铮 | Test device for testing vertical permeability coefficient of multiple layers of geotechnical cloth |
| CN105571849A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-11 | 温州大学 | Apparatus for testing drainage capacity of drain board under soil pressure and test method |
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| CN107014729A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-04 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of adrainage material water flowing performance testing device and test method for considering silting condition |
| CN109211749A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-15 | 同济大学 | The laboratory testing rig of tunnel-liner infiltration coefficient and soil body pore pressure response under measurement fluctuation water level |
| CN111504880A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Comprehensive testing device and method for horizontal drainage performance |
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| CN104297132A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-21 | 李铮 | Test device for testing vertical permeability coefficient of multiple layers of geotechnical cloth |
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| CN105571849A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-11 | 温州大学 | Apparatus for testing drainage capacity of drain board under soil pressure and test method |
| CN105735376A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-06 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test equipment for discharge capacity of drain board with board-soil interaction considered and test method thereof |
| CN107014729A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-04 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of adrainage material water flowing performance testing device and test method for considering silting condition |
| CN109211749A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-15 | 同济大学 | The laboratory testing rig of tunnel-liner infiltration coefficient and soil body pore pressure response under measurement fluctuation water level |
| CN109211749B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-07-02 | 同济大学 | Indoor test device for measuring tunnel lining permeability coefficient and soil body pore pressure response under fluctuating water level |
| CN111504880A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Comprehensive testing device and method for horizontal drainage performance |
| WO2021227394A1 (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2021-11-18 | 青岛理工大学 | Horizontal drainage performance comprehensive testing apparatus and method |
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