CN103926183B - Water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure and assay device - Google Patents
Water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure and assay device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure and assay device, assay device includes water-filled test chamber, test material is placed horizontally at the middle part of test chamber, with be uniformly distributed permeable hole upper disk and centre be provided with limbers lower wall upper in test material respectively, lower surface compresses, upper disk and the edge seal of lower wall, the top of upper disk is connected with the water source with steady pressure, the bottom of lower wall is connected with the drainage arrangement with measurement displacement function, upper disk is connected with normal pressure application system, according to test parameterss, disk applies normal pressure to normal pressure application system upwards.Assay device of the present invention can achieve the Penetration Signature test of the soil body under normal pressure, earth working material, the more true engineering such as simulation barricade, tunnel-liner behind soil body and the actual working state of filtration material, rational test parameterss can be provided for actual engineering design, there is good popularizing application prospect and economic technology benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil test field, in particular to the water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure and test dress
Put.
Background technology
For ground retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering etc., if the subsoil water in Rock And Soil around excluding not in time, can lead
Cause retaining structure, tunnel lining structure etc. to bear larger quiet, flowing pressure, lead to structure to occur corresponding deformation even unstability to break
Bad.For excluding the subsoil water in surrounding Rock And Soil, and avoid the fine grained in the soil body to run off with current, be required to setting rationally
Effectively loaded filter.Before the good Penetration Signature of loaded filter is to ensure that stable important of retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering long-term safety
Carry.
Retaining structure loaded filter typically adopts the form such as sand gravel, earth working material, currently for retaining structure loaded filter
Penetration Signature can be evaluated, such as using infiltration coefficient or water-flowing amount：《Water power hydraulic engineering earthwork test rule（DL/T5355-
2006）》In list the test method of infiltration coefficient,《Highway geosynthetics testing regulationss（JTG E50-2006）》、《Water
Fortune engineering plastics draining board application technology code（JTS206-1-2009）》In list the test method of water-flowing amount.But directly
These methods evaluation retaining engineering, the Penetration Signature of Tunnel Engineering loaded filter is applied to have the following disadvantages：1. for retaining engineering,
The loaded filter of Tunnel Engineering, due to the difference of set location, bears different normal pressures, and the bigger material of pressure is by compacted hole
Gap volume is less, and Penetration Signature also can decrease, but the method in above-mentioned specification all cannot evaluate material under normal direction stress state
Material Penetration Signature.2. for the loaded filter of retaining engineering, Tunnel Engineering, by spilled water hole, subsoil water need to be excluded, feed region
It is far longer than the sectional area of spilled water hole, the method in above-mentioned specification all cannot simulate this seepage state.Thus be accordingly used in test master
By the water-flowing amount of normal pressure soil under action work material and unreasonable, inaccurate.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind is used for determining rock soil medium or engineering geotechnique
Water-flowing amount test method under the normal pressure of material Penetration Signature related to stress state and assay device.
For achieving the above object, the water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure of the present invention, it is characterized in that, bag
Include following steps：
Step 1：Test material is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber, uses multiple permeable with uniformly gather
The lower wall that the upper disk in hole is provided with a limbers with centre is pressed on the upper and lower surface of described test material respectively, described permeable
The hole gross area is 5～30 times of water flowing hole area, will seal between the edge of described upper disk and lower wall and the inwall of test chamber；
Step 2：The test chamber water filling apply stable intake pressure p1 in water to above described upper disk（kPa）；
Step 3：According to test parameterss, on described, panel surface applies stable normal force F towards test material surface（kN）；
Step 4：Adjust the displacement of test chamber below described lower wall, make displacement be not more than inflow, to ensure
State in the test chamber below lower wall and be full of water, treat discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain testing time t, record lower wall
The displacement Q that lower section is flowed out（cm3）With the discharge pressure p2 in test chamber below lower wall（kPa）；
Step 5：Change normal force F（kN）, repeat step 2, obtain multiple measurement data displacement Q（cm3）And draining
Pressure p 2（kPa）；
Step 6：Described test material is calculated according to measurement data（3）Equivalent water-flowing amount q（cm3/ s), computing formula
As follows：
Wherein：Q is displacement（cm3）, D is described test material（3）Thickness（m）, γwSevere for water（kN/m3）,
P1-p2 is the difference of intake pressure and discharge pressure（kPa）, t is test period（s）.
Preferably, described intake pressure p1 is 1～500（kPa）.In intake pressure p1 and engineering-environment residing for test material
Water pressure consistent, in order to preferably simulate and reflecting the actual working state of material, p1 under generic condition（kPa）Value is about
1～500（kPa）.
Preferably, described displacement Q（cm3）Measurement data by the draining that connects with the test chamber below lower wall dress
Put acquisition；Discharge pressure p2 in described lower wall lower reservoir（kPa）By the draining being arranged in test chamber below lower wall
Pressure gauge.
A kind of assay device for the water-flowing amount test method under above-mentioned normal pressure, is characterized in that, including filling
The test chamber of full water, test material is placed horizontally at the middle part of described test chamber, and middle part is provided with for compressing test material
Upper disk and lower wall, described upper disk be porous disk-like structure, be uniformly distributed permeable hole thereon, described lower wall be disk-like structure, in
Between be provided with limbers, the described permeable hole gross area is 5～30 times of water flowing hole area, the edge of described upper disk and lower wall and examination
Test the inner wall sealing of container, the top of described upper disk is connected with the water source with steady pressure, described lower wall and test chamber phase
To fixation, the drainage arrangement with measurement displacement function is connected with the test chamber below described lower wall, described upper disk and method
Connect to pressure application system, according to test parameterss, disk applies normal pressure to described normal pressure application system upwards.
Further, the aperture of described permeable hole is 1/25～1/10 times of upper disk diameter, between described permeable hole between
Away from for 1.2～2 times of aperture value.
Further, the aperture of described limbers is 1/8～1/3 times of upper disk diameter.For making simulated environment and reality
Engineering-environment is consistent, makes result of the test more accurate, and the gross area of permeable hole is 5～30 times of the area of limbers.
Further, described test chamber includes intake antrum and two cavitys of drain chamber, and the bottom of described intake antrum is
Uncovered, the top of described drain chamber is uncovered, and described upper disk is located at the bottom of intake antrum, described intake antrum upper portion side wall be provided with into
The mouth of a river, described water inlet is connected with the water source with steady pressure by first switch valve, and described lower wall is located at drain chamber
Top, the lower sides of described drain chamber are provided with discharge outlet, and described discharge outlet is connected with drainage arrangement by second switch valve.
Test chamber is set to intake antrum and two cavitys of drain chamber, test material is fixed on by two cavitys by upper disk and lower wall
Centre, is convenient for changing test material；First switch valve and second switch valve are respectively arranged at water inlet and discharge outlet, use
Beginning and end in Control experiment.
Further, described normal pressure application system includes pressure applying means and force drive link, described force
The lower end of drive link is rigidly connected with upper disk, upper end is stretched out from the through hole of water inlet top of chamber and is connected with pressure applying means, described
The normal pressure that pressure applying means apply acts on test material by force drive link and upper disk, and described through hole is passed with force
It is provided with the air-tight movable set for sealing between lever.Described pressure applying means, can be jack, oil pump, lever
Etc. form, should ensure that and apply stressed stability.Pressure applying means pass through force drive link by pressure transmission in upper disk, and
Put on test material eventually.Air-tight movable set, can be in the form of rubber washer；It is available for the slip of drive link lubrication that exerts a force, and
There is enough sealing functions, ensure that the water body of water inlet intracavity will not be from this gap leakage.
Further, described drain chamber bottom is provided with base, is provided with support bar between described lower wall and base.Base
Link together with drain chamber, there is good sealing, it is linked together with support bar, bear applying in process of the test
Normal pressure, should have enough intensity.Post upper is connected with lower wall, lower end is connected with base；Can be in test chamber
Center arrange a support bar it is also possible to be symmetrical arranged many support bars.
Further, described upper disk and lower wall and be provided with water penetration padded coaming between test material respectively.Permeable
Property padded coaming can adopt non-woven fabrics form, non-woven fabrics+medium coarse sand+non-woven fabrics form may also be employed, its infiltration coefficient should not be little
3～5 times of the infiltration coefficient in the test soil body.
Further, the open-mouth of described intake antrum and drain chamber is sealed by sealing and connecting device.It is tightly connected dress
Put and can be made up of materials such as rubber rings, intake antrum, drain chamber are closely joined together, should have good sealing, no
Obtain leak.
Further, the described water source with steady pressure is realized by water pump, and described intake antrum and draining intracavity divide
It is not provided with the inlet gage for measuring hydraulic pressure and discharge pressure table, described discharge outlet is provided with for measuring displacement
Effusion meter.Water pump can provide the stable water yield under a constant, stable higher such that it is able to be used for providing for test
Water pressure.Pressure gauge is respectively arranged at water inlet, discharge outlet position, for the water pressure of both sides water inlet, discharge outlet both sides.Stream
Gauge water yield out in order to the seepage flow during experiment with measuring.
Further, the described water source with steady pressure is by being placed on the feed-water vessel reality above test chamber
Existing, described drainage arrangement is to ooze draining measuring equipment.Feed-water vessel should have the function of the height of water level keeping constant, thus can
To be used for providing stable water pressure for test.Ooze draining measuring equipment water in order to the seepage flow during experiment with measuring out
Amount.
The design principle of this invention is：Test material is placed in the test chamber with stable hydraulic pressure, is provided with
The upper disk of permeable hole and the lower wall carrying limbers realize the simulation of field engineering void, by pressure applying means to test
Material applies certain normal force F（kN）, and the normal pressure P that test material is born（kPa）=F/Aq can calculate, wherein
Aq（m2）For the entire area of upper disk, the then equivalent water-flowing amount q of test material（cm3/s）Can be calculated by formula is calculated as below
Draw：
Wherein, the thickness of D test material（m）, test period t can record, pressure differential p1-p2 of water inlet and discharge outlet
Obtained by pressure gauge, displacement Q is obtained by effusion meter, γwSevere for water is that constant value typically takes 10（kN/m3）.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：Assay device structure is simple, and test method thinking is novel,
Operating process is simple, for the test of the soil body and earth working material water-flowing amount under normal pressure, more true simulation
The engineering such as barricade, tunnel-liner behind soil body and the Penetration Signature of filtration material actual working state, test principle more meets
Engineering is actual, thus can provide more rational test parameterss, optimization design for actual engineering design, has good economy
Technical benefits.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of second embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of upper disk in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lower wall in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
In figure：1. test chamber, 1.1 intake antrums, 1.2 drain chamber, 1.3 water inlets, 1.4 discharge outlet, 1.5 are tightly connected dress
Put, 1.6 bases, 1.7 air-tight movable sets, 1.8 through holes, 1.9 first switch valves, 1.10 second switch valves, 2. normal pressure
Application system, 2.1 pressure applying means, 2.2 force drive links, 2.3 support bars, 3. test material, 4. carry the water source of pressure,
4.1 feed-water vessels, 4.2 water pumps, 4.3 water pipes, 5. go up disk, 5.1 permeable holes, 6. lower wall, 6.1 limbers, 7. water penetration fender
Material, 8. drainage arrangement, 8.1 effusion meters, 8.2 ooze draining measuring equipment, 9. inlet gage, 10. discharge pressure table.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure of the present invention, comprises the steps：
Step 1：Test material 3 is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber 1, uses multiple with uniformly gather
The lower wall 6 that the upper disk 5 in water hole 7 is provided with a limbers 6.1 with centre is pressed on the upper and lower surface of test material 3 respectively, permeable
Hole 7 gross area is 5～30 times of limbers 6.1 area, will be close between the edge of upper disk 5 and lower wall 6 and the inwall of test chamber 1
Envelope；
Step 2：Disk 5 top test chamber 1 water filling apply stable intake pressure p1 in water upwards（kPa）；
Step 3：Apply stable normal force F according to test parameterss on upper disk 5 surface towards test material 3 surface（kN）；
Step 4：Adjust the displacement of lower wall 6 lower section test chamber 1, make displacement be not more than inflow, to ensure lower wall 6
It is full of water in the test chamber 1 of lower section, treats discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain testing time t, below record lower wall 6
The displacement Q flowing out（cm3）With the discharge pressure p2 in lower wall 6 lower section test chamber 1（kPa）；
Step 5：Change normal force F（kN）, repeat step 2, obtain multiple measurement data displacement Q（cm3）And draining
Pressure p 2（kPa）；
Step 6：Calculate the equivalent water-flowing amount q of test material 3 according to measurement data（cm3/ s), computing formula is as follows：
Wherein：Q is displacement（cm3）, D is the thickness (m) of described test material 3, γwSevere for water（kN/m3）, p1-
P2 is the difference of intake pressure and discharge pressure（kPa）, t is test period（s）.
As shown in Figure 1 to 4, a kind of assay device for above-mentioned test method, including the test providing experimental enviroment
Container 1, normal pressure applying device 2, with the water source 4 of steady pressure, upper disk 5, lower wall 6 with have measurement displacement function
Drainage arrangement 8.
Test chamber 1 should choose the material of the pressure enough to bear test, such as metal material, high-strength rigid plastics, high-strength
The materials such as glass are made, and have enough safety coefficient deposits.Test chamber 1 includes intake antrum 1.1 and 1.2 two chambeies of drain chamber
Body, the bottom of intake antrum 1.1 is uncovered, and upper disk 5 is located at the bottom of intake antrum 1.1, and the top of drain chamber 1.2 is uncovered, lower wall 6
Top positioned at drain chamber 1.2.Intake antrum 1.1 and 1.2 two cavitys of drain chamber typically adopt circular configuration, can all or locally
Using transparent material, in order to the observation of process of the test.Intake antrum 1.1 upper portion side wall is provided with water inlet 1.3, water inlet 1.3 1
As be tubular, by first switch valve 1.9 with steady pressure water source 4 close be connected.The lower side of drain chamber 1.2
Wall is provided with discharge outlet 1.4, and discharge outlet 1.4 is generally tubular, and discharge outlet 1.4 passes through second switch valve 1.10 and drainage arrangement
8 closings connect.First switch valve 1.9 and second switch valve 1.10 should have the function of regulating pondage size.Water inlet
1.3rd, the material of discharge outlet 1.4 is typically consistent with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2.Intake antrum 1.1 and drain chamber 1.2 spacious
Sealed by sealing and connecting device 1.5 at mouthful.Sealing and connecting device 1.5 can be made up of materials such as rubber rings, by intake antrum, row
Water cavity is closely joined together, and should have good sealing, must not leak.Drain chamber 1.2 bottom is provided with base 1.6, base
1.6 are linked together with drain chamber 1.2, and have good sealing.The top of intake antrum 1.1 is provided with for force drive link
The through hole 1.8 that 2.2 pass through, is provided with the air-tight movable set 1.7 for sealing, sealing between through hole 1.8 and force drive link 2.2
Movable sleeve, can be in the form of rubber washer；Be available for exert a force drive link 2.2 lubrication slip, and have enough sealing functions,
Ensure that the water body of water inlet intracavity will not be from this gap leakage.Intake antrum 1.1, the inside of drain chamber 1.2 should be arranged at disk 5, under
The corresponding location mark of disk 6, the upper disk 5 as shown in setting is with Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the corresponding fin of lower wall 6 peripheral groove, in order to try
Upper disk 5, lower wall 6 and intake antrum 1.1, the aligned in position of drain chamber 1.2 during testing.
Normal pressure application system 2 includes pressure applying means 2.1, force drive link 2.2 and support bar 2.3, and force passes
The lower end of lever 2.2 is with upper disk 5 is rigidly connected, the through hole 1.8 from intake antrum 1.1 top for the upper end stretches out and pressure applying means
2.1 connections, pressure applying means 2.1 pass through force drive link 2.2 according to the normal pressure that test parameterss apply and upper disk 5 acts on
In test material 3.Pressure applying means 2.1, can be the form such as jack, oil pump, lever, should ensure that apply stressed stable
Property.It is provided with support bar 2.3 between lower wall 6 and base 1.6.Support bar 2.3 upper end is connected with lower wall 6, lower end and base 1.6 connect
Connect；In the center of test chamber 1, a support bar 2.3 can be set it is also possible to be symmetrical arranged several support bars 2.3.
As shown in figure 3, upper disk 5 adopts porous disk-like structure, permeable hole 5.1 is evenly distributed on disk 5.Permeable hole 7
Aperture is preferably 1/25～1/10 times of upper disk diameter, and the spacing between permeable hole 7 is 1.2～2 times of aperture value.Permeable hole 5.1
The gross area be lower wall 6 limbers 6.1 area 5～30.Upper disk 5 outer rim setting groove or other positions indicate, to ensure
Aligned in position with intake antrum 1.1.
As shown in figure 4, lower wall 6 is identical with upper disk 5 shape, the middle setting of lower wall 6 has limbers 6.1.Limbers 6.1
Aperture is 1/8～1/3 times of upper disk 5 diameter.Lower wall 6 outer rim setting groove or other positions indicate, to ensure and drain chamber 1.2
Aligned in position.
The position contacting with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 in test material 3 periphery, using cohesive soil, fluid sealant or its
Its impermeability material is tight-closed.Test material 3 can be the soil body or geosynthetics.When test material 3 is
During the soil body, in test material 3, bottom surface need to arrange water penetration padded coaming 7, then it is together placed in enter between upper disk 5, lower wall 6
Row test.When test material 3 is geosynthetics, can be placed directly within and be tested between disk 5, lower wall 6, no longer set
Put water penetration padded coaming 7.Water penetration padded coaming 7, can adopt non-woven fabrics form, non-woven fabrics+medium coarse sand+nonwoven may also be employed
Cloth form, its infiltration coefficient should be not less than 3～5 times of the infiltration coefficient of the test soil body.
Water source 4 with steady pressure, the drainage arrangement 8 with measurement displacement function can be by simulating larger water pressure
Less two kinds of embodiments of water pressure are realized.
The first embodiment：As shown in figure 1, when simulating larger water pressure, the water source 4 with steady pressure passes through water pump
4.2 realizations, water pump 4.2 can provide the stable water yield under a constant, stable relatively for test offer such that it is able to be used for
High water pressure.The drainage arrangement 8 with measurement displacement function is realized by arranging effusion meter 8.1.Test chamber 1 intake antrum
1.1 water inlet 1.3 is connected with first switch valve 1.9 by water pipe 4.3, and first switch valve 1.9 is connected with water pump 4.2.
The discharge outlet 1.4 of test chamber 1 drain chamber 1.2 is connected with second switch valve 1.10 by water pipe 4.3, second switch valve
It is provided with effusion meter 8.1 in the water pipe 4.3 in 1.10 exits.It is provided with inlet gage 11 in the test chamber 1 of upper disk 5 top, under
It is provided with discharge pressure table 10 in the test chamber 1 of disk 6 lower section, be respectively used to measure the water pressure of water inlet and draining.
Second embodiment：As shown in Fig. 2 when simulating less water pressure, the water source 4 with steady pressure passes through to place
Feed-water vessel 4.1 above test chamber 1 is realized.Feed-water vessel 4.1 is connected with first switch valve 1.9, first switch valve
Door 1.9 is connected with intake antrum 1.1 by water pipe 4.3, and feed-water vessel 4.1 should have the function of the height of water level keeping constant, from
And can be used to provide stable water pressure for test.The drainage arrangement 8 with measurement displacement function is measured by oozing draining
Device 8.2 is realized, and oozes discharge outlet 1.4 position that draining measuring equipment 8.2 is arranged at drain chamber 1.2, oozes draining measuring equipment 8.2
Connected with drain chamber 1.2 by second switch valve 1.10, ooze draining measuring equipment 8.2 in order to the seepage flow during experiment with measuring
The water yield out.
Concrete test method can be divided into the larger water pressure of simulation and two kinds of embodiments of less water pressure to realize.
The first embodiment：When simulating larger water pressure, test method comprises the steps：
1st, test prepares：Test material 3 is processed into and upper disk 5, lower wall 6 identical size.By water penetration padded coaming 5
It is placed on the upper bottom surface of test material 3, closes the second switch valve 1.10 being connected with discharge outlet 1.4, allow in drain chamber 1.2
Full of water.Test material 3 is positioned between upper disk 5, lower wall 6 with combining of water penetration padded coaming 5, and by test material
3 positions contacting with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 with the combination periphery of water penetration padded coaming 5 adopt cohesive soil, fluid sealant
Or other impermeability material is tight-closed.Sealing and connecting device 1.5 between intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 is connected tightly
Close.Water pipe 4.3, pressure gauge 8.1, first switch valve 1.9 and the water pump 4.2 being connected with water inlet 1.3 is installed, pressure is installed and applies
Feeder apparatus 2.1.Open the first switch valve 1.9 being connected with water inlet 1.3, allow water be full of intake antrum 1.1, and keep feedwater to hold
Constant level in device 4.1 is constant.Apply normal force F by pressure applying means 2.1（kN）, and keep invariable.
2nd, tested：After material 3 to be tested fully soaks saturation, open the current that water pump 4.2 starts to convey pressure,
Adjust the size of water pressure by first switch valve 1.9, after the pressure remained steady of current and pressure gauge 8.1, record into
The mouth of a river 1.3, reading p1, p2 of 1.4 two pressure gauges 8.2 of discharge outlet（kPa）, and the start recording time, synchronous recording effusion meter
8.1 initial reading Q1（cm3）, to test period T（s）, the final reading Q2 of recording flowmeter 8.1（cm3）, it is then shut off water
Pump 4.2 and first switch valve 1.9 and second switch valve 1.10, complete once to test.
Change normal force F, 1,2 steps are repeated several times, the Penetration Signature index under the conditions of different normal pressures can be obtained.Survey
The normal pressure P that examination material is born（kPa）=F/Aq, wherein Aq（m2）For the entire area of upper disk 5, upper disk 5 and lower wall 6
Area is identical.
3rd, data analysiss：The equivalent water-flowing amount q of test material 3（cm3/ s) can be calculated according to equation below：
In formula：γWSevere for water（kN/m3）.Remaining symbol is the same.Wherein, D is the thickness of test material（m）, test
Time t can record, difference p1-p2 of intake pressure and discharge pressure（kPa）By inlet gage 11 and discharge pressure table 10
Obtain, displacement Q is obtained by the reading Q2-Q1 of effusion meter 8.1, γwSevere for water is that constant value typically takes 10（kN/m3）.
Second embodiment：When simulating less water pressure, test method comprises the steps：
1st, test prepares：Test material 3 is processed into and upper disk 5, lower wall 6 identical size.By water penetration padded coaming 5
It is placed on the upper bottom surface of test material 3, closes the second switch valve 1.10 being connected with discharge outlet 1.4, allow in drain chamber 1.2
Full of water.Test material 3 is positioned between upper disk 5, lower wall 6 with combining of water penetration padded coaming 7, and by test material
3 positions contacting with intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 with the combination periphery of water penetration padded coaming 7 adopt cohesive soil, fluid sealant
Or other impermeability material is tight-closed.Sealing and connecting device 1.5 between intake antrum 1.1, drain chamber 1.2 is connected tightly
Close.Water pipe 4.3, first switch valve 1.9 and the feed-water vessel 4.1 being connected with water inlet 1.3 is installed, pressure applying means are installed
2.1.Open the first switch valve 1.9 being connected with water inlet 1.3, allow water be full of intake antrum 1.1, and keep feed-water vessel 4.1
Interior constant level is constant.Apply normal force F by pressure applying means 2.1（kN）, and keep invariable.
2nd, tested：Record feed-water vessel 4.1 and discrepancy in elevation H of outlet 1.4（m）, and keep in process of the test to
Constant level in water container 4.1 is constant.After material 3 to be tested fully soaks saturation, it is first turned on first switch valve 1.9,
Open second switch valve 1.10 again.After waterflow stabilization, the start recording time, and synchronous using oozing draining measuring equipment 8.2
Receive the water that discharge outlet 1.4 flows out, to test period T（s）, close second switch valve 1.10, and record ooze draining measure dress
Put water yield Q in 8.2（cm3）, complete once to test.
Change the size of normal force F, 1,2 steps are repeated several times, the Penetration Signature under the conditions of different normal pressures can be obtained
Index.The normal pressure P that test material 3 is born（kPa）=F/Aq, wherein Aq（m2）For the entire area of upper disk 5, upper disk 5 with
The area of lower wall 6 is identical.
3rd, data analysiss：The equivalent water-flowing amount of test material 3（cm3/ s) can be calculated according to equation below：
In formula：D is the thickness of test material（m）, remaining symbol is as previously mentioned.Wherein, the thickness of D test material（m）, give
Water container 4.1 and discrepancy in elevation H of outlet 1.4（m）, test period t can record, displacement Q is by oozing draining measuring equipment 8.2
Obtain.
The discrepancy in elevation in constant feed-water vessel 4.1 and outlet 1.4（The head discrepancy in elevation）Under the conditions of H=0.2m, to three kinds of test materials
Expect that 3 I types, II type, III type carry out water-flowing amount performance test, result of the test is as shown in the table, test shows that normal pressure result in
The reduction of test material 3 Penetration Signature, for different materials, the reduction degree of water-flowing amount is different.
Loaded filter equivalent water-flowing amount test result table under the different normal pressure of table 1
Claims (12)
1. the water-flowing amount test method under a kind of normal pressure it is characterised in that：Comprise the steps：
Step 1：Test material (3) is lain in a horizontal plane in water-filled test chamber (1), uses multiple with uniformly gather
The lower wall (6) that the upper disk (5) in water hole (7) and centre are provided with a limbers (6.1) is pressed on described test material (3) respectively
Upper and lower surface, described permeable hole (7) gross area is 5～30 times of limbers (6.1) area, by described upper disk (5) and lower wall
(6) seal between edge and the inwall of test chamber (1)；
Step 2：Test chamber (1) water filling apply stable intake pressure p1 (kPa) in water to above described upper disk (5)；
Step 3：According to test parameterss, on described, disk (5) surface applies stable normal force F towards test material (3) surface
(kN)；
Step 4：Adjust the displacement of test chamber (1) below described lower wall (6), make displacement be not more than inflow, to ensure
It is full of water in test chamber (1) below described lower wall (6), treat discharge pressure data stabilization, in certain testing time t,
Displacement Q (the cm flowing out below record lower wall (6)3) and lower wall (6) below discharge pressure p2 (kPa) in test chamber (1)；
Step 5：Change normal force F (kN), repeat step 2, obtain multiple measurement data displacement Q (cm3) and discharge pressure p2
(kPa)；
Step 6：Calculate the equivalent water-flowing amount q (cm of described test material (3) according to measurement data3/ s), computing formula is as follows：
Wherein：Q is displacement (cm3), D is the thickness (m) of described test material (3), γwSevere (kN/m for water3), p1-p2
For the difference (kPa) of intake pressure and discharge pressure, t is test period (s).
2. the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described intake pressure p1
For 1～500 (kPa).
3. the water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described displacement Q
(cm3) measurement data obtained by the drainage arrangement (8) that connects with the test chamber (1) below lower wall (6)；Described lower wall
(6) the discharge pressure p2 (kPa) in lower reservoir is by being arranged on the discharge pressure table in test chamber (1) below lower wall (6)
(10) obtain.
4. a kind of assay device for the water-flowing amount test method under the normal pressure described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：
Including water-filled test chamber (1), test material (3) is placed horizontally at the middle part of described test chamber (1), and middle part is provided with use
In upper disk (5) and the lower wall (6) of compression test material (3), described upper disk (5) is porous disk-like structure, is uniformly distributed thereon
Water hole (5.1), described lower wall (6) is disk-like structure, middle setting has limbers (6.1), and described permeable hole (7) gross area is logical
5～30 times of water hole (6.1) area, the aperture of described permeable hole (7) is 1/25～1/10 times of upper disk (5) diameter, described
Spacing between water hole (7) is 1.2～2 times of aperture value, the edge of described upper disk (5) and lower wall (6) and test chamber (1)
Inner wall sealing, the described top of upper disk (5) is connected with the water source (4) with steady pressure, described lower wall (6) and test chamber
(1) it is relatively fixed, there is the drainage arrangement (8) of measurement displacement function and the test chamber (1) below described lower wall (6) connects
Logical, described upper disk (5) is connected with normal pressure application system (2), described normal pressure application system (2) according to test parameterss to
Upper disk (5) applies normal pressure.
5. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 4 it is characterised in that：Described limbers
(6.1) aperture is 1/8～1/3 times of upper disk (5) diameter.
6. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Described test chamber
(1) intake antrum (1.1) and (1.2) two cavitys of drain chamber are included, the bottom of described intake antrum (1.1) is uncovered, described draining
The top in chamber (1.2) is uncovered, and described upper disk (5) is located at the bottom of intake antrum (1.1), described intake antrum (1.1) upper portion side wall
It is provided with water inlet (1.3), described water inlet (1.3) passes through first switch valve (1.9) with the water source (4) with steady pressure even
Logical, described lower wall (6) is located at the top of drain chamber (1.2), and the lower sides of described drain chamber (1.2) are provided with discharge outlet (1.4),
Described discharge outlet (1.4) is connected with drainage arrangement (8) by second switch valve (1.10).
7. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：Described normal pressure is applied
Adding system (2) include pressure applying means (2.1) and force drive link (2.2), described exert a force drive link (2.2) lower end with upper
Disk (5) is rigidly connected, upper end is stretched out from the through hole (1.8) at intake antrum (1.1) top and is connected with pressure applying means (2.1), institute
State that the normal pressure that pressure applying means (2.1) apply passes through to exert a force drive link (2.2) and upper disk (5) acts on test material
(3), it is provided with the air-tight movable set (1.7) for sealing between described through hole (1.8) and force drive link (2.2).
8. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：Described drain chamber
(1.2) bottom is provided with base (1.6), is provided with support bar (2.3) between described lower wall (6) and base (1.6).
9. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：Described upper disk (5) and
Lower wall (6) is provided with water penetration padded coaming (7) respectively and test material (3) between.
10. the water-flowing amount assay device under normal pressure according to claim 7 it is characterised in that：Described intake antrum
(1.1) and drain chamber (1.2) open-mouth pass through sealing and connecting device (1.5) seal.
Water-flowing amount assay device under 11. normal pressures according to any claim in claim 6～10, its feature
It is：The described water source (4) with steady pressure passes through water pump (4.2) realization, described intake antrum (1.1) and drain chamber (1.2)
Inside it is separately provided for measuring inlet gage (9) and the discharge pressure table (10) of hydraulic pressure, described discharge outlet (1.4) is provided with
For measuring the effusion meter (8.1) of displacement.
Water-flowing amount assay device under 12. normal pressures according to any claim in claim 4～10, its feature
It is：The described water source (4) with steady pressure is realized by the feed-water vessel (4.1) being placed on above test chamber (1), institute
Stating drainage arrangement (8) is to ooze draining measuring equipment (8.2).
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| CN201410155449.5A CN103926183B (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure and assay device |
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| CN201410155449.5A CN103926183B (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Water-flowing amount test method under normal pressure and assay device |
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| CN104297132B (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-06-27 | 李铮 | A kind of experimental rig for testing multilayer geotextiles vertical permeability coefficient |
| CN105571849B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2020-03-31 | 温州大学 | Instrument and method for testing water flow of drainage plate under soil pressure |
| CN105735376B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-07-07 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Consider the drain bar water-flowing amount test equipment and its method of testing of plate soil interaction |
| CN107014729A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-08-04 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | A kind of adrainage material water flowing performance testing device and test method for considering silting condition |
| CN109211749B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-07-02 | 同济大学 | Indoor test device for measuring tunnel lining permeability coefficient and soil body pore pressure response under fluctuating water level |
| CN111504880A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Comprehensive testing device and method for horizontal drainage performance |
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| US2618151A (en) * | 1948-10-07 | 1952-11-18 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Cell for measuring relative permeability |
| US6055850A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2000-05-02 | Turner; Daniel R. | Multi-directional permeameter |
| US6178808B1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-01-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Apparatus and method for testing the hydraulic conductivity of geologic materials |
| CN1484013A (en) * | 2003-07-22 | 2004-03-24 | 河海大学岩土工程科学研究所 | Instrment for testing geotextile permeability and silting property |
| CN100595562C (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2010-03-24 | 浙江大学 | Integral permeability testing machine for self circulation measuring for perpendicular and horizontal permeability coefficient |
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