Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of model of studying the frac-pack sand-preventing process, the fracture pattern of simulation after the frac-pack, namely under formation condition, the sand contamination situation of the seepage flow state of fluid, end, crack and wall, the embedding of proppant in soft formation.By research, determine the standard of particle diameter or the mechanical fraction of filling proppant in the crack, influence the various factors of proppant embedment, the migration state of reservoir sand in filling bed, the flow conductivity of filling bed etc.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of frac-pack sand control model, comprise groove chamber and top cover, and be embedded in top, described groove chamber described top seal; Described groove chamber comprises framework, four sidewalls in bottom and front, rear, left and right, on described top cover, bottom, front side wall, all offer some inlet openings, offer some fluid holes at described rear wall, divide forward and backward two pressure taps that are provided with at described left side wall or right side wall; In described model inside, simulation stratum condition, rock beam under the placement of bottom, described laid proppant above the rock beam down, rock beam before the proppant front end is placed is placed above the described proppant and is gone up rock beam, and described upper and lower, preceding rock beam and proppant are full of whole model cavity.
Described top cover, bottom, front side wall are cavity structure, all offer described inlet opening on a side of model inside, are furnished with the grid passage in each cavity structure, and described inlet opening is pooled on the corresponding feed tube with external communications by the grid passage.
Feed tube on described top cover, bottom, the front side wall is arranged on the same side.
Described rear wall is cavity structure, offers described fluid hole on a side of model inside, and described fluid hole is pooled on the drain pipe with external communications by cavity structure.
Described drain pipe is positioned at the position on the lower of rear wall.
Described fluid hole is single row of holes, and described fluid hole has different Kong Mi and aperture specification.
Described framework and bottom are connected as a single entity, and four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right are detachable, on four sidewalls wedge structure arranged, and are embedded with framework and cooperate, and there is the sealing ring sealing cooperation place.
Four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right can be connected by bolt on periphery with framework.
Be connected with liquid flowing valve on each described feed tube; On the described drain pipe flow control valve is installed.
The present invention takes above technical scheme, and the technique effect that obtains is: 1, complete simulation the formation fracture form, comprise end, crack wall and the sealing in crack; The sand contamination that comes endokinetic fissure end and crack two side walls and the embedding of proppant have been simulated; The clossing pressure of simulated formation is from the seepage flow state of the liquid of end and two side walls.2, the nothing that can test proppant embeds, embeds, embeds the flow conductivity that adds under the sand contamination condition.3, apparatus structure is reasonable in design, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, is convenient to after the experiment observe, clean, and each parts of system have good pressure-resistant stopping property.4, dispose high-level necessary instrument equipment, guaranteed the degree of accuracy of experiment test.
The specific embodiment
Following example is used for more specific description the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
As can be seen from Figure 1, model is divided into groove chamber 1 and top cover 2 two parts, is stainless steel material and makes, and groove chamber 1 is of a size of 460mm * 260mm * 110mm, and top cover 2 is of a size of 390mm * 190mm * 20mm, is embedded fit structure.Model forms the complete experimental system of a cover with middle pressure constant flow pump, hydraulic pump, the differential pressure pick-up of big flow, air bag water pot device, displacement transducer, laser particle analyzer and standard screen that steady liquid stream is provided, centrifuge, day equality.
From Fig. 2~6 as can be known, groove chamber 1 is the detachable structure, comprise framework 11, four sidewalls 13 in bottom 12 and front, rear, left and right, 14,15,16, wherein bottom 12 can be connected as a single entity with framework 11, four sidewalls 13 in front, rear, left and right, 14,15,16 detachable are convenient to test the back and are observed, and clean, on four sidewalls wedge structure is arranged, be embedded installation with framework 11.The sealing ring sealing is arranged between each sidewall and top cover 2 and the groove chamber framework 11.On top cover 2, bottom 12, front side wall 13, all offer inlet opening; Offer fluid hole at rear wall 14; Offer pressure tap at left side wall 15 or right side wall 16.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, bottom 12 is connected as a single entity with framework 11.The periphery of framework 11 is provided with for the bolt hole 17 that each sidewall is installed.Bottom 12 is the cavity type structure, evenly is covered with inlet opening 18 thereon on the base plate, and each inlet opening is pooled on the total feed tube 19 in bottom by the grid passage in the cavity.As shown in Figure 3, except the bolt hole 17 corresponding with framework 11 arranged, also voussoir was provided with some inlet openings 20 on the front side wall 13, and voussoir also is the cavity type structure, be provided with the grid passage in cavity, each inlet opening 20 is pooled on the total feed tube 21 of antetheca on the front panel by the grid passage.Shown in Fig. 4,5, left and right sidewall 15,16 structures are similar, just offer former and later two pressure taps 22 in one of them of left side wall 15 or right side wall 16, do not have pressure tap on another.Inside and outside two pressure taps 22 connected, the purpose of forward and backward setting was pressure reduction forward and backward when flowing through model for the mensuration fluid.As shown in Figure 6, rear wall 14 is similar with the structure of front side wall, is the analogue perforation structure, so fluid hole 23 is set to single row of holes.Fluid hole 23 also is arranged on the voussoir of rear wall 14, and voussoir inside is cavity structure, and each fluid hole 23 is pooled on the rear wall main drain pipe 24 by cavity.Rear wall main drain pipe 24 is positioned at the position on the lower of rear wall.
As shown in Figure 7, same, top cover 2 also is a cavity type structure, in the side towards groove chamber 1 several inlet openings 25 is arranged, and each inlet opening 25 is pooled on the total feed tube 26 of top cover by the grid passage in the cavity.
Above-mentioned each feed tube, drain pipe all link to each other with external equipment accordingly.Preferably, the total feed tube 19 in bottom, the total feed tube 21 of antetheca and the total feed tube 26 of top cover are arranged on the same side, make things convenient for pipeline to connect.
Further, according to the requirement of design for aesthetic, the total feed tube 19 in above-mentioned bottom passes outside by front side wall 13.
Further, the fluid hole 23 on the rear wall 14 has different Kong Mi and aperture specification, in order to backflow of studying proppant etc.During the test flow conductivity, need flow control valve be installed at rear wall main drain pipe 24; When effect is shaked out in test, with its dismounting, flexible pipe is installed is got final product.
In model inside, simulation stratum condition is formed according to the reservoir sand granularity of actual formation, and preparation simulated formation sand is used the Mold Making rock beam.Rock beam under frac-pack sand control model shop inner bottom part is placed at first, rock beam before front end is placed, laid certain sanding concentration then, the proppant of certain order number, with flat sand device leveling, to place at last and go up rock beam, upper and lower, preceding rock beam forms a semi-surrounding structure, surround proppant, upper and lower, preceding rock beam and proppant are full of whole model cavity.Then the frac-pack model is placed on the hydraulic press, applies required clossing pressure, outside pump and the differential pressure pick-up of connecting opened liquid flowing valve, experimentizes under certain flow; Collect effluent in outlet simultaneously, precipitation, centrifuge separates solid-liquid, and oven dry claims the quality of its sand, utilizes laser particle analyzer or standard screen, obtains sand grains footpath size.The front side liquid flowing valve is linked to each other with the nitrogen flooding air bag water pot device that steady liquid stream is provided, after flow control valve is installed at the back outlet place, can test the flow conductivity of filling bed.By the experiment of series, can analyze definite proppant particle diameter that sand controlling result is good, flow conductivity is high etc.
We select flow usually for use is the big flow constant current plunger displacement pump of 0~1L/min, and pressure limit is 0~5.0MPa, can carry out experiment test under the different flow at formation condition.
In order to accurately measure the less pressure reduction in rear and front end, mould chamber, disposed the differential pressure pick-up of high accuracy Rosemount 3051S1 and two kinds of models of 3051CD especially, range is respectively 0~200Pa, 0~6KPa; Precision is respectively 0.025% and 0.075%.
When testing the flow conductivity of filling bed, adopt the air bag water pot feed flow of nitrogen flooding, guarantee to provide steady liquid stream, the differential pressure test accurately.
Be simulated formation pressure, the frac-pack model shop be put on the hydraulic press that maximum can provide the clossing pressure about 11MPa.
For testing sand production rate, the wide variation of seam and analyzing the sand grains footpath, centrifuge, high accuracy balance, displacement transducer and plant and instrument such as laser particle analyzer, standard screen also have been equipped with.
Utilize above-mentioned model system to experimentize, can realize at different types of liquid, the research that experimentizes under enough range of flows and constant current conditions to the even feed flow of rock beam of its upper and lower both sides and front end, has the function of test sand production rate and the particle diameter that shakes out.The nothing that can test proppant embeds, embeds, embeds the flow conductivity that adds under the sand contamination condition.Liquid outlet is installed flow control valve, can control the flow size.In order to make liquid be full of the groove chamber, make differential pressure measurement accurate, need can provide certain back pressure in the exit, be by flow control valve, reduce flow and increase that pressure provides.For guaranteeing that differential pressure measurement is accurate, it is enough high that the precision of differential pressure pick-up is wanted, and performance is enough good.This model structure is reasonable in design, and size is suitable, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, be convenient to after the experiment observe, clean, can apply required clossing pressure to it, each assembly of model all has higher bearing capacity, model has better seal, and no liquid is oozed out under the condition of high voltage.
The various embodiments described above only are used for explanation the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents and improvement of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention all should do not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.